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Optical polarization

About: Optical polarization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13992 publications have been published within this topic receiving 244284 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the optical properties of a-, m-, and c-plane InGaN-GaN quantum-well (QW) structures with an arbitrary crystal orientation were investigated using the multiband effective-mass theory.
Abstract: Electronic and optical properties of a-(Phi = 0) and m-plane (Phi = pi/6) InGaN-GaN quantum-well (QW) structures are investigated using the multiband effective-mass theory with an arbitrary crystal orientation. These results are compared with those of c-plane or (0001)-oriented wurtzite InGaN-GaN QWs. We derive explicitly the Hamiltonians with their elements and the interband optical matrix elements with polarization dependence for the a-, m-, and c-planes. The bandgap transition wavelength of the QW structure with the m-plane is found to be longer than that of the QW structures with the a-plane. The average hole effective masses of the topmost valence band along k'y for the a-and m-planes are significantly lower than that of the c-plane. Here, the prime indicates physical quantities in a general crystal orientation. In addition, their optical gain and optical matrix element show strong in-plane anisotropy. The optical gain of the y'-polarization is much larger than that of the x'-polarization because the optical matrix element for the y'-polarization is larger than that of the x'-polarization.

118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple method for phase modulating unpolarized light with a double pass through a nematic liquid crystal retarder is described.
Abstract: A simple method for phase modulating unpolarized light with a double pass through a nematic liquid crystal retarder is described.

118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Mauri Valtonen1, Stanisław Zoła2, Stanisław Zoła3, Stefano Ciprini4, Stefano Ciprini5, Achamveedu Gopakumar6, Katsura Matsumoto7, Kozo Sadakane7, M. R. Kidger8, Kosmas Gazeas9, Kari Nilsson1, Andrei Berdyugin1, Vilppu Piirola1, Helen Jermak10, Kiran S. Baliyan11, F. Alicavus12, David Boyd, M. Campas Torrent, F. Campos, J. Carrillo Gómez, Daniel B. Caton13, V. H. Chavushyan14, J. Dalessio15, B. Debski3, Dinko Dimitrov, Marek Drozdz2, H. Er16, Ahmet Erdem12, A. Escartin Pérez, V. Fallah Ramazani1, Alexei V. Filippenko17, Shashikiran Ganesh11, F. Garcia, F. Gómez Pinilla, Maheswar Gopinathan18, J. B. Haislip19, René Hudec20, René Hudec21, G. Hurst, K. M. Ivarsen19, Martin Jelínek21, Arti Joshi18, Masato Kagitani22, Navpreet Kaur11, William C. Keel23, Aaron P. LaCluyze19, Byeong-Cheol Lee24, Byeong-Cheol Lee25, Elina Lindfors1, J. Lozano de Haro, J. P. Moore19, Markus Mugrauer, R. Naves Nogues, A. W. Neely, R. H. Nelson, Waldemar Ogloza2, S. Okano22, Jeewan C. Pandey18, M. Perri4, M. Perri26, Pauli Pihajoki27, Gary Poyner, Judith L. Provencal15, T. Pursimo, A. Raj24, A. Raj25, Daniel E. Reichart19, R. Reinthal1, S. Sadegi1, Takeshi Sakanoi22, J.-L. Salto González, Sameer11, T. Schweyer28, T. Schweyer29, Michal Siwak2, F. C. Soldán Alfaro, Eda Sonbas, Iain A. Steele10, John T. Stocke30, Jan Strobl21, L. O. Takalo1, Toma Tomov31, L. Tremosa Espasa, J. R. Valdes14, J. Valero Pérez, F. Verrecchia4, F. Verrecchia26, James R. Webb32, Mizuki Yoneda, M. Zejmo33, WeiKang Zheng17, J. H. Telting, J. Saario, T. M. Reynolds, Andreas Kvammen, E. Gafton, R. Karjalainen, Jussi Harmanen1, Pere Blay34 
TL;DR: In this paper, a quasi-periodic quasar with roughly 12-year optical cycles displays prominent outbursts that are predictable in a binary black hole model, and the model predicted a major optical outburst in 2015 December.
Abstract: OJ 287 is a quasi-periodic quasar with roughly 12 year optical cycles. It displays prominent outbursts that are predictable in a binary black hole model. The model predicted a major optical outburst in 2015 December. We found that the outburst did occur within the expected time range, peaking on 2015 December 5 at magnitude 12.9 in the optical R-band. Based on Swift/XRT satellite measurements and optical polarization data, we find that it included a major thermal component. Its timing provides an accurate estimate for the spin of the primary black hole, $\chi =0.313\pm 0.01$. The present outburst also confirms the established general relativistic properties of the system such as the loss of orbital energy to gravitational radiation at the 2% accuracy level, and it opens up the possibility of testing the black hole no-hair theorem with 10% accuracy during the present decade.

118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATC) to obtain a high-resolution 8 GHz image of the Seyfert 2 galaxy IC 5063 (PKS 2048-572) and observed very broad (~700 km s-1) H I absorption against the strong continuum source.
Abstract: We present new radio continuum (8 and 1.4 GHz) and H I 21 cm line observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy IC 5063 (PKS 2048-572), obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The high-resolution 8 GHz image reveals a linear triple structure ~4'' (1.3 kpc) in size. This small-scale radio emission shows a strong morphological association with the narrow-line region (NLR), the inner part of the optical emission-line region. It is aligned with the inner dust lane and is oriented perpendicularly to the position angle of the optical polarization. We identify the radio nucleus as the central blob of the radio emission. At 21 cm, very broad (~700 km s-1) H I absorption is observed against the strong continuum source. This absorption is almost entirely blueshifted, indicating a fast net outflow, but a faint and narrow redshifted component is also present. In IC 5063 we see clear evidence, both morphological and kinematic, of strong shocks resulting from the interaction between the radio plasma and the interstellar medium (ISM) in the central few kiloparsecs. However, we estimate the energy flux in the radio plasma to be an order of magnitude smaller than the energy flux emitted in emission lines. Thus, although strong shocks associated with the jet/ISM interaction occur, and could contribute locally to the ionization of the NLR, they are unlikely to account solely for the global ionization of the emission-line region, particularly at large distances. The main structure of the H I emission is a warped disk associated with the system of dust lanes of R ~ 2' (~38 kpc, corresponding to ~5 effective radii). The lack of kinematically disturbed gas (both neutral and ionized) outside the central few kiloparsecs, the warped structure of the large-scale disk, and the close morphological connection between the inner dust lanes and the large-scale ionized gas all support the idea that the gas at large radii is photoionized by the central region, while shadowing effects are important in defining its X-shaped morphology. From the kinematics of the ionized and neutral gas, we find evidence for a dark halo in IC 5063, with properties very similar to those observed in some other early-type galaxies.

118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, polarization beam-splitters and optical switches based on subwavelength quasi-periodic structures are presented. And they show experimental results for infra-red radiation at a wavelength of 10.6 μm.

118 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20221
2021404
2020359
2019318
2018470
2017504