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Optical polarization

About: Optical polarization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13992 publications have been published within this topic receiving 244284 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
B.L. Heffner1
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the global variation of the transmission through any linear, time-invariant optical device, over all states of polarization, can be found in a strictly deterministic, analytically complete manner by measuring the polarization responses to only three input polarizations.
Abstract: Polarization dependence of the loss or gain of an optical device has been difficult to measure in a consistent and reproducible manner because it has been necessary to search for the extrema of transmission over a two-dimensional polarization space. It is shown that the global variation of the transmission through any linear, time-invariant optical device, over all states of polarization, can be found in a strictly deterministic, analytically complete manner by measuring the polarization responses to only three input polarizations. A series of fast, automated measurements of two test devices yielded standard deviations of 0.017 and 0.033 dB and agreement with manual measurements. >

110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure of "membranous cytochrome oxidase" has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, optical polarization spectroscopy and EPR spectroscopic and indicates that the cyto chrome oxidase molecules are oriented symmetrically in the membrane profile.

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a singlemode ruby laser was used to make the first measurements of intensity-induced changes of the optical polarization (ellipse rotation) in solids, viz., fused quartz and Schott BK-7 and SF-7 glasses for which they have obtained the nonlinear susceptibility values.
Abstract: Using a single-mode ruby laser we have made the first measurements of intensity-induced changes of the optical polarization (ellipse rotation) in solids, viz., fused quartz and Schott BK-7 and SF-7 glasses for which we have obtained the nonlinear susceptibility values ${c}_{1221}(\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\omega}, \ensuremath{\omega}, \ensuremath{\omega}, \ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\omega})=1.5, 2.3, \mathrm{and} 9.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ esu, respectively. These values are accurate to within 10% relative to the value for liquid C${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, which we used for calibration and determined from other experiments to be 37.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ esu to within 2%. We also show theoretically that a comparison of these values with electric-field-induced birefringence (Kerr) data can determine uniquely the fractional contribution to both of purely electronic nonlinearities. Existing Kerr data are only accurate enough at present for us to conclude that the electronic nonlinearities might dominate our effect.

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a monolithic wavelength demultiplexer consisting of voltage-tunable superlattice p-i-n photodetectors in a waveguide confirmation is discussed.
Abstract: Extended measurements and theory on the recently developed monolithic wavelength demultiplexer consisting of voltage-tunable superlattice p-i-n photodetectors in a waveguide confirmation are discussed. It is shown that the device is able to demultiplex and detect two optical signals with a wavelength separation of 20 nm directly into different electrical channels at a data rate of 1 Gb/s and with a crosstalk attenuation varying between 20 and 28 dB, depending on the polarization. The minimum acceptable crosstalk attenuation at a data rate of 100 Mb/s is determined to be 10 dB. The feasibility of using the device as a polarization angle sensor for linearly polarized light is also demonstrated. A theory for the emission of photogenerated carriers out of the quantum wells is included, since this is potentially a speed limiting mechanism in these detectors. It is shown that a theory of thermally assisted tunneling by polar optical phonon interaction is able to predict emission times consistent with the observed temporal response. >

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of the polarization-nulling technique was analyzed and several techniques to overcome the effect of nonlinear birefringence in a highly nonlinear transmission link.
Abstract: The polarization-nulling technique utilizes the different properties of optical signal and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise for accurate monitoring of the optical-signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in dynamic optical networks. However, the performance of this technique is bound to be deteriorated if the signal is depolarized by polarization-mode dispersion and/or nonlinear birefringence or the ASE noise is partially polarized due to polarization-dependent loss (PDL) in the transmission link. The authors analyze these effects on the performance of the polarization-nulling technique and introduce several techniques to overcome these problems. These improved versions of the polarization-nulling techniques could monitor the OSNR with accuracy of better than plusmn1 dB, even when the differential group delay is as large as 60 ps. These techniques could also negate the effect of the signal depolarization caused by nonlinear birefringence in a highly nonlinear transmission link. The effect of the partially polarized ASE noise due to PDL is found to be not severe in most cases, as long as the PDL/span is smaller than 0.2 dB. To verify the possibility of using the polarization-nulling technique in real systems, the OSNR of the wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) signals transmitted through a 120-km-long aerial fiber link is measured for one week. No significant degradation in the monitoring accuracy is observed during this long-term measurement. In addition, the performance of the polarization-nulling technique in an ultralong-haul transmission link is evaluated by using a 640-km-long recirculating loop. The results show that this technique could accurately measure the OSNR in the transmission link longer than 3200 km. From these results, the authors conclude that the polarization-nulling technique is well suited for monitoring the OSNR in dynamic WDM networks

109 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20221
2021404
2020359
2019318
2018470
2017504