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Optical transistor
About: Optical transistor is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12037 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145458 citations.
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TL;DR: A survey of suitable optical polymer systems, their processing techniques, and the integrated optical waveguide components and circuits derived from these materials is summarized in this paper, where the characteristics of several important classes of optical polymers, such as their refractive index, optical loss, processibility/mechanical properties, and environmental performance are discussed.
Abstract: Polymer optical waveguide devices will play a key role in several rapidly developing areas of broadband communications, such as optical networking, metropolitan/access communications, and computing systems due to their easier processibility and integration over inorganic counterparts. The combined advantages also makes them an ideal integration platform where foreign material systems such as YIG (yttrium iron garnet) and lithium niobate, and semiconductor devices such as lasers, detectors, amplifiers, and logic circuits can be inserted into an etched groove in a planar lightwave circuit to enable full amplifier modules or optical add/drop multiplexers on a single substrate. Moreover, the combination of flexibility and toughness in optical polymers makes it suitable for vertical integration to realize 3D and even all-polymer integrated optics. In this review, a survey of suitable optical polymer systems, their processing techniques, and the integrated optical waveguide components and circuits derived from these materials is summarized. The first part is focused on discussing the characteristics of several important classes of optical polymers, such as their refractive index, optical loss, processibility/mechanical properties, and environmental performance. Then, the emphasis is placed on the discussion of several novel passive and active (electro-optic and thermo-optic) polymer systems and versatile processing techniques commonly used for fabricating component devices, such as photoresist-based patterning, direct lithographic patterning, and soft lithography. At the end, a series of compelling polymer optical waveguide devices including optical interconnects, directional couplers, array waveguide grating (AWG) multi/demultiplexers, switches, tunable filters, variable optical attenuators (VOAs), and amplifiers are reviewed. Several integrated planar lightwave circuits, such as tunable optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs), photonic crystal superprism waveguides, digital optical switches (DOSs) integrated with VOAs, traveling-wave heterojunction phototransistors, and three-dimensionally (3D) integrated optical devices are also highlighted.
1,161 citations
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01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a classical treatment of Quantum Optics Appendices is presented, which includes the Kramers-Kroning relations, the Electrooptic Effect in Cubic 43m Crystals, Noise in Traveling Wave Lasers Amplifiers, and Phase Conjugation in Photorefractive Media.
Abstract: 1. Electromagnetic Theory 2. The Propagation of Rays and Beams 3. Propagation of Optical Beams in Fibers 4. Optical Resonators 5. Interaction of Radiation and Atomic Systems 6. Theory of Laser Oscillation and its Control in the Continuous and Pulsed Regimes 7. Some Specific Laser Systems 8. Second-Harmonic Generation and Parametric oscillation 9. Electronic Modulation of Laser Beams 10. Noise in Optical Detection and Generation 11. Detection of Optical Radiation 12. Interaction of Light and Sound 13. Propagation of Coupling Modes in Optical Dielectric Waveguides-Periodic Waveguides 14. Holography and Optical Data Storage 15. Semiconductor Lasers-Theory and Applications 16. Advanced Semiconductor Lasers: Quantum Well Lasers, Distributed Feedback Lasers, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers 17. Phase Conjugate Optics - Theory and Applications 18. Two-Beam Coupling and Phase Conjugation in Photorefractive Media 19. Optical Solitons 20. A Classical Treatment of Quantum Optics Appendices A. The Kramers-Kroning relations B. The Electrooptic Effect in Cubic 43m Crystals C. Noise in Traveling Wave Lasers Amplifiers D. Transformation of a coherent
1,140 citations
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TL;DR: IEEE 802.15.7 supports high- data-rate visible light communication up to 96 Mb/s by fast modulation of optical light sources which may be dimmed during their operation by dimming adaptable mechanisms for flicker-free high-data-ratevisible light communication.
Abstract: Visible light communication refers to shortrange optical wireless communication using visible light spectrum from 380 to 780 nm. Enabled by recent advances in LED technology, IEEE 802.15.7 supports high-data-rate visible light communication up to 96 Mb/s by fast modulation of optical light sources which may be dimmed during their operation. IEEE 802.15.7 provides dimming adaptable mechanisms for flicker-free high-data-rate visible light communication.
953 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the noise and bit-error-rate characteristics of fiber-optic communication systems using semiconductor laser amplifiers are investigated theoretically and experimentally, and the dependence of system performance on amplifier characteristics such as optical bandwidth, noise figure, gain, etc., is shown.
Abstract: Fiber-optic communication systems using semiconductor laser amplifiers are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The noise and bit-error-rate characteristics of lightwave systems with optical amplifiers are calculated and the dependence of system performance on amplifier characteristics such as optical bandwidth, noise figure, gain, etc., is shown. Experimental results for both a 4-Gb/s optical preamplifier as well as coherent and direct detection systems with four inline amplifiers are presented. >
899 citations
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TL;DR: The nonlinear coherent coupler (NLCC) as mentioned in this paper is a device useful for optical processing, but not bistable, which utilizes the coherent interaction of two optical waveguides placed in close proximity.
Abstract: This paper discusses the nonlinear coherent coupler (NLCC), a device useful for optical processing, but not bistable. This device utilizes the coherent interaction of two optical waveguides placed in close proximity. Because of the evanescent field overlap, these waveguides periodically exchange power. Nonlinear interactions modify the exchange of power and lead to strongly nonlinear transmission characteristics.
839 citations