Showing papers on "Oral hygiene published in 1982"
TL;DR: A 10-year longitudinal study was carried out on 27 patients treated with lower bilateral distal-extension dentures, most of which were carefully planned and designed, and the aim was a high level of cooperation as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A 10-year longitudinal study was carried out on 27 patients treated with RPDs. Before the prosthetic treatment all patients were given oral hygiene motivation and instruction as well as periodontal therapy where indicated. The aim was a high level of cooperation. The RPDs, most of which were lower bilateral distal-extension dentures, were carefully planned and designed. During the follow-up period the patients were examined at yearly intervals, at which time remotivation and reinstruction regarding oral hygiene was given, and scaling, operative restorations, and prosthetic and other treatment procedures were preformed as required. Patient cooperation was excellent, and no significant deterioration of the periodontal status of the remaining teeth was found. In addition, there was a low increase in the frequency of decayed and filled tooth surfaces during the decade. The dentures showed damage and several changes during the follow-up period, conditions that necessitated various corrective prosthetic procedures.
197 citations
TL;DR: It was found that personal oral hygiene as expressed in plaque scores was not critical for maintenance of post-treatment pocket depth and attachment levels in patients with professional tooth cleaning every 3 months.
Abstract: The role of personal plaque control in periodontal maintenance care was studied in 78 patients who had undergone periodontal therapy and were on 3-month recall for prophylaxis over 8 years. Variations in pocket depth and attachment levels were related to individuals with plaque scores above and below the median. The results also were analyzed by comparing the 25% of the sample having the lowest plaque scores with the 25% having the highest scores over 7 years of maintenance care. Students t test was used. It was found that personal oral hygiene as expressed in plaque scores was not critical for maintenance of post-treatment pocket depth and attachment levels in patients with professional tooth cleaning every 3 months. The initial post-treatment reductions in pocket depth and variations in attachment levels were more favorable in patients with good than with poor oral hygiene, but, these differences were not significant after 3 to 4 years of maintenance care.
186 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results revealed that treatment resulted in loss of clinical attachment in sites with Initially shallow pockets, while sites with initially deep pockets gained clinical attachment, and the level of oral hygiene maintained by the patients during healing and maintenance was more critical for the resulting probing depths and attachment levels than the mode of initial therapy used.
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out on 15 individuals who were referred for treatment of moderately advanced periodontal disease. All patients were first subjected to a Baseline examination comprising assessment of oral hygiene and gingival conditions, probing depths and attachment levels. Following case presentation and instructions in oral hygiene measures, the patients were given periodontal treatment utilizing a split mouth design. In one side of the jaw scaling and root planing were performed in conjunction with a modified Widman flap procedure while in the contralateral jaw quadrants the treatment was restricted to scaling and root planing only. The period from initial treatment to 6 months after treatment was considered to be the healing phase and from 6-24 months after treatment the maintenance phase. During the healing phase the patients were recalled for professional tooth cleaning once every 2 weeks. During the maintenance phase the interval between the recall appointments was extended to 3 months. Reexaminations were carried out 6, 12 and 24 months after the completion of active treatment. The results revealed that treatment resulted in loss of clinical attachment in sites with initially shallow pockets, while sites with initially deep pockets gained clinical attachment. With the use of regression analysis \"critical probing depths\" were calculated for the two methods of treatment used. It was found that the critical probing depth value for scaling and root planing was significantly smaller than the corresponding value for scaling and root planing used in combination with modified Widman flap surgery (2.9 vs 4.2 mm). In addition, the surgical modality of therapy resulted in more attachment loss than the non-surgical approach when used in sites with initially shallow pockets. On the other hand, in sites with initial probing depths above the critical probing depth value more gain of clinical attachment occurred following Widman flap surgery than following scaling and root planing. The data obtained from the reexaminations 12 and 24 months after active treatment demonstrated that the probing depths and the attachment levels obtained following active therapy and healing were maintained more or less unchanged during a maintenance care period which involved careful prophylaxis once every 3 months. However, the data also disclosed that the level of oral hygiene maintained by the patients during healing and maintenance was more critical for the resulting probing depths and attachment levels than the mode of initial therapy used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
165 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal tissues in patients with severely reduced periodsontal support were studied, and the results from this clinical study show that no increased progression of marginal periodontitis will occur due to orthodentic tooth movement.
Abstract: The effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal tissues in patients with severely reduced periodontal support were studied. A prerequisite for tooth movement was a reduction of periodontal inflammation by regular scaling and a high standard of oral hygiene. Surgical elimination of deepened periodontal pockets was not performed before orthodontic tooth movement. 20 patients took part in the study. The reduction of maxillary overjet was performed with light forces by elastics from removable orthodontic appliances. Oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, pocket depth and the alveolar bone level were recorded before hygiene treatment and before and after orthodontic treatment.
As a result of the hygiene treatment, the Plaque Index and Gingival Index scores were markedly reduced. The values for pocket depth showed no major change. When comparing mean values for proximal bone level measurements before and after orthodontic tooth movement no difference could be seen. The individual proximal bone level values remained unchanged for every second surface. The maximum deterioration in bone level, measured as a percentage of tooth length, during orthodontic treatment was 10% in 9 surfaces out of 142.
Provided careful preorthodontic hygiene treatment of the existing advanced periodontal disease is given and the forces are kept within physiological limits, the results from this clinical study show that no increased progression of marginal periodontitis will occur due to orthodontic tooth movement.
163 citations
TL;DR: Intermittent treatment of this kind by the patient at home might reduce to more manageable levels the frequency of hygiene visits and the need for rigorous interdental oral hygiene.
Abstract: The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of direct application of chlorhexidine to periodontal pockets and the practicability of patient self-therapy using a technique of subgingival irrigation. Patients received no other oral hygiene instruction. After initial assessment of parameters, patients were given scaling and polishing and then instruction in the irrigation of designated pockets with chlorhexidine or a placebo using a disposable syringe and blunt needle. During the 28-day irrigation period with chlorhexidine there was highly significant reduction in periodontal inflammation which was maintained at levels significantly below the baseline values for a further 28-day period without irrigation. There was a deterioration in the periodontal state of those patients who had used the placebo, The irrigation technique itself caused no discernible injury in this group of routine periodontal patients. Also, staining in the chlorhexidine group was minimal. It is concluded that subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine is effective in reducing periodontal inflammation and in controlling subgingival plaque. Intermittent treatment of this kind by the patient at home might reduce to more manageable levels the frequency of hygiene visits and the need for rigorous interdental oral hygiene.
111 citations
Journal Article•
88 citations
TL;DR: A detailed analysis of the periodontal condition of the second premolars indicated that the changes occurring adjacent to the different tooth surfaces could not be explained solely by the presence of dental plaque.
Abstract: The periodontal condition in 53 adolescents undergoing long–term orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances was examined longitudinally for 4 years. In each case measures aimed at establishing a proper oral hygiene standard were carried out prior to and during active orthodontic treatment. Sixteen adolescents matched with regard to age and free from orthodontic treatment served as controls.
The results showed that multiband orthodontic treatment led to a slight but significant loss of periodontal support despite good or excellent individual oral hygiene. At the end of 24±3.5 months of active orthodontic treatment the average loss of buccal and lingual attachment for banded teeth amounted to 0.28 mm and 0.22 mm, respectively. A mean reduction of 0.29 mm of interproximal marginal bone height was found. These alterations were irreversible but no further deterioration was observed during a subsequent retention and follow-up period of 20 ±3.0 months.
A detailed analysis of the periodontal condition of the second premolars indicated that the changes occurring adjacent to the different tooth surfaces could not be explained solely by the presence of dental plaque. Extraction of neighbouring first premolars and tooth movements during active orthodontic treatment may also have played a role.
87 citations
Journal Article•
76 citations
TL;DR: With increasing total sugar consumption the risk of caries increased significantly only when oral hygiene was simultaneously poor, and effect-modification appeared to exist, since the effect of one factor was greater at higher levels of the other.
Abstract: The associations of denial caries with poor oral hygiene and high sugar consumption were analyzed taking into account possible confounding and factor interaction. The series consisted of 543 children from low-fluoride areas (0.10–0.46 parts/106), aged 5, 9 and 13 years Plaque accumulation and sugar consumption were slightly confounded throughout the observations. Effect-modification appeared to exist, since the effect of one factor was greater at higher levels of the other. The association between the amount of plaque and dental caries was statistically significant at all levels of sugar consumption. With increasing total sugar consumption the risk of caries increased significantly only when oral hygiene was simultaneously poor. Effect estimates (E) and attributable risk estimates (AR) were calculated for increased plaque accumulation and sugar consumption. For the total sets of tooth surfaces in the various age groups the proportions of the total caries load associated with increased plaque accumulation were 35.2–63.0%, and those associated with higher total sugar consumption 0.7–5.4%. The fractions varied greatly with the tooth group. The effect estimates for the two factors in combination were always greater than the sums of the separate effects, indicating synergistic interaction between the two caries determinants.
68 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between oral tissue disease and the presence on the denture surface of a developing or mature plaque mass has not been widely recognized by the dental profession nor well publicized to individuals who wear dentures.
Abstract: S ince the 1960s the work of L6e and others’-5 established a relationship between dental plaque accumulation on natural teeth and gingival tissue disease levels. These early studies, which confirmed the pathogenicity of plaque, showed the need to control plaque accumulations to promote gingival tissue health and preserve the supporting structures of the teeth. Professional involvement in proper home care oral hygiene programs has made the public more aware of the necessity of daily removal of plaque. The relationship between oral tissue disease and the presence on the denture surface of a developing or mature plaque mass has not been widely recognized by the dental profession nor well publicized to individuals who wear dentures. This is unfortunate, all the more since the probable effects of denture cleanliness on oral health have been explored for more than 30 years. As early as 1952 Fisher’ proposed that poor denture hygiene might dispose to denture stomatitis. However, in 1953 Nyquist7 found no such relationship. Love et al.* in 1967 and McKendrick’ in 1968 reported relationships between lack of denture cleanliness and denture stomatitis. In 1970 BudtzJorgensen and BertramI also showed a relationship between unclean dentures and denture stomatitis. Most recently Abelson” pointed out in 1981 that of the most commonly cited triad associated with soft tissue changes in denture wearers (ill fit, trauma, and unclean dentures), the plaque that forms on the tissue-fitted surfaces probably is of the greatest clinical significance. However, none of these workers has provided quantitative objective evidence of the relationship between denture plaque levels and the health of the oral tissues. In the first phase of this study we report a quantita-
53 citations
TL;DR: The roles of toothbrushing trauma and "adequate" width of attached gingiva in the etiology of gingival recessions are questioned.
Abstract: One hundred preclinical year dental students were examined. Oral hygiene status and gingival condition were determined using the Plaque Index score (Silness & Loe 1964) and the Gingival Index score systems (Loe & Silness 1963). The width of the attached gingiva and the depth of the gingival pockets were evaluated. The gingival recessions were recorded and their heights measured from the CEJ to the gingival margin. No significant correlation was found between oral hygiene and gingival recession, oral hygiene and width of attached gingival conditions and width of attached gingiva. Only a negative correlation (P less than 0.05) was found between the width of attached gingiva and the number of gingival recessions. No statistically significant differences were observed in oral hygiene status and gingival conditions among three groups of students (without, with one and with two or more recessions, respectively). The roles of toothbrushing trauma and "adequate" width of attached gingiva in the etiology of gingival recessions are questioned.
TL;DR: It was noted that plaque removal occurred primarily from sites remote from the gingival margin and interdental areas and therefore it was concluded that the observed effects of chewing gum on plaque would not be reflected in a reduction inGingival inflammation.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sugar-free and sugar-containing gums on plaque formation, established plaque and salivary debris. Plaque accumulating during three 5-day periods was recorded in a group of 10 students who, in the absence of normal oral hygiene methods, chewed sugar-free or sugar-containing chewing gum or did not chew gum. In a second group of 10 students the effect of chewing the two types of gum on 3-day accumulations of plaque was recorded. Finally, the wet weight of liquorice debris present in saliva with and without gum chewing, was recorded. During the no chewing periods distinct and significant differences in the amounts of plaque accumulating at different sites were apparent. Both types of chewing gum significantly and comparably reduced plaque accumulation during the 5-day period. The chewing gums also significantly reduced established plaque on many tooth surfaces. Salivary debris was significantly reduced by 50% after chewing gum. It was noted that plaque removal occurred primarily from sites remote from the gingival margin and interdental areas and therefore it was concluded that the observed effects of chewing gum on plaque would not be reflected in a reduction in gingival inflammation.
TL;DR: Patients who had received orthodontic treatment displayed superior oral hygiene to those dental patients who had not received ortho-dental treatment.
TL;DR: The data strongly suggest that proper implementation of behavioral principles is essential to the success of oral hygiene programs, and established that the good toothbrushing game greatly increased the effectiveness of children's oral hygiene skills.
Abstract: There has been a serious lack of experimentally verified, effective dental hygiene programs in the schools. In and of themselves, the instruction-alone programs which comprise children's dental education do not produce proper toothbrushing skills. In the present study, a school-based contingency dental hygiene program designed to increase the effectiveness of children's toothbrushing skills at home was implemented with grade one and two classes. Each class was divided into teams and participated in the "Good Toothbrushing Game." Each day four children fron each team had the cleanliness of their teeth assessed according to the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (Greene & Vermillion, 1964). The team with the lowest mean oral hygiene score was declared the daily winner. Winning teams received stickers and had their names posted. A multiple baseline across classrooms single-subject group design. (Hersen & Barlow, 1976, pp. 228-229) established that the good toothbrushing game greatly increased the effectiveness of children's oral hygiene skills. the treatment terminal levels for the grade one scores was 2.0 as compared to a baseline terminal level of 5.0 and for the grade two's was 2.3 compared to 5.7 at the end of baseline. A 9-mo follow-up indicated that these results were maintained. The data strongly suggest that proper implementation of behavioral principles is essential to the success of oral hygiene programs.
TL;DR: The elevated plaque scores of this group of patients clearly shows that periodontal health of the abutments was affected, and emphasizes the importance of adequate follow-up care and the need for constant reinforcement of home care instructions.
Abstract: Eighty-nine patients were examined at 1- and 2-year intervals after treatment with overdentures. The measurements of gingival index, pocket depth, plaque index, and mobility showed little change in the 2-year period. The initial gingival health of some teeth was less than optimal, but the periodontal health did not deteriorate and no teeth were lost during the observation period. The elevated plaque scores of this group of patients clearly shows that periodontal health of the abutments was affected, emphasizes the importance of adequate follow-up care and the need for constant reinforcement of home care instructions. As with any form of dental treatment, proper patient selection is an important step when overdentures are a treatment consideration. Patients should be able to demonstrate that they are motivated and have the ability to clean their teeth. It is doubtful that patients will change their oral hygiene habits after the denture is inserted, and poor hygiene may lead to a loss of abutment teeth from caries and/or periodontal disease.
TL;DR: Five-year results indicate high degree of success with fall-off of benefits to those for whom treatment was terminated, and indicates that prevention programs must be comprehensive and continuous for maximum benefit to occur.
Abstract: The objectives were to demonstrate that a combination of preventive regimens could significantly reduce dental disease in a school population, to demonstrate the feasibility of a school-based program in relation to sustained benefits. There were 1286 students in 1st and 6th grades enrolled in the study. Subjects were stratified by grade, sex, and race and randomly placed in a treatment or education group. Procedures included ingestion of fluoridated water, oral hygiene education program, dental examinations, prophylaxis, acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (1.23%) applied in trays, pit and fissure sealants (bis-GMA) on occlusal surfaces of all eligible posterior teeth, and provision of all restorative care. Fluoride and sealant procedures were repeated at 6-month intervals. After 3 years the treatment group was randomly divided to provide a group that would not continue with treatment and serve as a comparison. The study population was enrolled in 18 schools and clinical procedures were provided on-site, using mobile denial vans. Five-year results indicate high degree of success with fall-off of benefits to those for whom treatment was terminated. This pilot program gives strong evidence for the possibility of implementing school-based dental programs. The study also indicates that prevention programs must be comprehensive and continuous for maximum benefit to occur.
TL;DR: Tooth mobility increased temporarily after pocket reduction surgery but was not altered following curettage, modified Widman flap or scaling and root planing, and two years post-treatment there was a trend toward further decrease in tooth mobility.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare tooth mobility at different time periods during periodontal treatment and to relate changes in mobility to each method of treatment. Ninety-three patients (2421 teeth) with moderate to severe periodontitis were scored: (1) at initial examination, (2) 1 month following scaling, root planing, instruction in oral hygiene and preliminary occlusal adjustment, (3) 1 month after treatment with pocket elimination or reduction, curettage, modified Widman flap or scaling and root planing by the periodontist, and (4) 1 and 2 years following completed periodontal treatment. After initial nonsurgical treatment there was a significant decrease in tooth mobility. Tooth mobility increased temporarily after pocket reduction surgery but was not altered following curettage, modified Widman flap or scaling and root planing. Two years post-treatment there was a trend toward further decrease in tooth mobility with professional tooth cleaning every 3 months.
TL;DR: The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of progressive and increasing tooth hypermobility on a periodontium reduced by marginal periodontitis, but in which the inflammatory lesion had been resolved.
Abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of progressive and increasing tooth hypermobility on a periodontium reduced by marginal periodontitis, but in which the inflammatory lesion had been resolved. Periodontitis was induced by tying plaque-retentive silk ligatures around the mandibular second and third bicuspids on one side of the jaw (experimental) in four squirrel monkeys. Ten weeks later the ligatures were removed and an oral hygiene regime of mechanical cleaning was started and continued 3 times a week for 20 weeks. Ten weeks after beginning oral hygiene, continual mesio-distal jiggling trauma to the periodontium between these bicuspids was begun and continued for the remaining 10 weeks. Induction of periodontitis, removal of ligatures, and the oral hygiene regime were performed around the same teeth of the contralateral side (control) of the jaw so that the interproximal periodontium corresponded to the situation on the experimental side immediately before initiation of jigglin...
TL;DR: A nationwide sample of 1511 Norwegian adults interviewed in 1979-80 concerning health habits, including dental habits, found that daily toothbrushing and regular treatment attendance appeared to have become the rule among young and middle aged individuals, use of dental floss and especially of fluoride tablets or rinses, still are the exception.
Abstract: A nationwide sample of 1511 Norwegian adults were interviewed in 1979-80 concerning health habits, including dental habits. While daily toothbrushing and regular treatment attendance appeared to have become the rule among young and middle aged individuals, use of dental floss and especially of fluoride tablets or rinses, still are the exception. Dental health habits were clustered around the variable treatment attendance with slightly different patterns for men and for women. Measures of sugar consumptions were only slightly correlated with background variables and dental health behavior. While the latter was socially dependent, consumption of sugar probably was attached to personal characteristics or situational factors. The correlations between dental health behavior and other health behavior practices were generally weak, and somewhat different for men and women. Two separate types of motives for preventive behavior were distinguished between: health motives and cosmetic motives.
TL;DR: A School Dental Scheme was commenced in Australia on July 1, 1973 in which the Commonwealth and States shared the costs of the development and operation of the school dental service and it was found that despite a better oral hygiene index for girls it was not associated with lower caries prevalence.
Abstract: A School Dental Scheme was commenced in Australia on July 1, 1973 in which the Commonwealth and States shared the costs of the development and operation of the school dental service. Data collected at annual examinations over the years 1977-1980 inclusive were used, from which trends, if any, could be determined on the changes that may have occurred in the dental health of the school children. From the data covering almost two million examinations, a fall in the DIMF index for children aged six to thirteen years was noted. In 1977, it was 2.97 and it reached 2.17 in 1980. Comparison with other data obtained over a longer period in the Australian Capital Territory form a useful comparison. From 1954 to 1980, the mean DIMF for twelve-year-old children was reduced from 7.17 to 2.52. The effect of fluoridation has played a major part but not the whole role in this improvement in dental health; it was introduced in Canberra in 1964 when the mean DIMF index for ten-year-old children was 4.43, and this figure was reduced to 2.16 in 1974. In 1980, the mean DIMF index was 1.56, or a fall of 27.8 per cent. A similar effect is evident in data collected from the State surveys. Included in the surveys was the development of indices for Oral Hygiene and it was found that despite a better oral hygiene index for girls it was not associated with lower caries prevalence. However, taking into account the scores for all children of twelve years of age, a clear association existed between oral debris and prevalence of carious teeth.
TL;DR: At the end of their clinical studies the students were on an average more aware of their oral health, the quality and the duration of their toothbrushing had improved, and they more often sought early treatment and preventive care than at the beginning of their studies.
Abstract: This survey was conducted on young dental students, with the aim of evaluating the influence of scientific information dispensed during their studies on their own oral state and on their behavior towards it. Therefore, various parameters were considered at the very beginning of their university studies and at the end of their studies. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the socioeconomic origin and oral hygiene habits of the students. In order to assess actual improvement in oral health standardized clinical examinations were utilized. The comparison of parameters measured at the beginning and at the end of the clinical studies of the students revealed that the OHI-S and the GI scores had decreased highly significantly (P less than 0.01), and that the DMFT score had increased significantly (P less than 0.01). The increase in the DMFT score was mainly due to a high number of fillings. The answers to the questionnaire were indicative of a favorable modification in hygiene habits. At the end of their clinical studies the students were on an average more aware of their oral health, the quality and the duration of their toothbrushing had improved, and they more often sought early treatment and preventive care than at the beginning of their studies.
TL;DR: It was found that there was no statistical difference among the four different types of tested floss as far as their plaque removal ability or prevention of gingivitis is concerned.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of waxed and unwaxed floss in plaque removal and on gingival health when used in a home oral hygiene program. Eighty patients, having previously received periodontal therapy, were divided into four similar groups, according to the S-OHI. Each group represented four different types of dental floss being tested: Butler waxed, Butler unwaxed, Johnson and Johnson waxed, and Johnson and Johnson unwaxed. After receiving a thorough prophylaxis, each patient received oral hygiene instruction with a video tape, and was given a toothbrush and a quantity of test floss. At 0, 28 and 56 day intervals, The patients were scored for plaque and gingivitis. The data were then analyzed statistically using analysis of variance. It was found that there was no statistical difference among the four different types of tested floss as far as their plaque removal ability or prevention of gingivitis is concerned.
TL;DR: The mildly or moderately retarded found by the screening and not yet included in special welfare had the highest DFS-scores, the highest prevalence of untreated caries and the poorest gingival health among the retarded.
Abstract: All 9-10-year-old children in one Finnish county were screened with a standardized set of tasks for their mental performance. 58 verified mentally retarded and 58 randomly selected healthy children were examined for dental and gingival status and level of oral hygiene. Comparisons were made between the retarded and the healthy, as well as between subgroups of the retarded. Similar DFS-values, higher DS-values and an inferior level of oral hygiene in terms of VPI were found in mentally retarded when compared with healthy children. No evident difference was found in gingival status (by GBI) between the retarded and the healthy. The mildly or moderately retarded found by the screening and not yet included in special welfare had the highest DFS-scores, the highest prevalence of untreated caries and the poorest gingival health among the retarded.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The addition of fluoride (NaF or MFP) in mouthrinses and toothpastes significantly reduced the number of new carious lesions and professional tooth cleaning in combination with detailed oral hygiene instructions significantly improved their oral hygiene status and reduced clinical signs of gingivitis.
Abstract: The present investigation was performed to estimate the effect on caries and gingivitis of a plaque control program delivered at different intervals and supplemented with different fluoride compounds. The study ran for 2 years and was completed by 260 children who were 13-14 years old at the beginning. Professional tooth cleaning in combination with detailed oral hygiene instructions repeated once a month or every 3 months significantly improved their oral hygiene status and reduced clinical signs of gingivitis. The addition of fluoride (NaF or MFP) in mouthrinses and toothpastes significantly reduced the number of new carious lesions. No significant differences were observed in gingival health and caries activity between the programs delivered once a month and every 3 months.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Evidence was showed that patients with Crohn's disease in spite of an ordinary oral hygiene standard have a high caries frequency and activity, and that dental caries was particularly common in those subjected to extensive small bowel resection.
Abstract: The dental status in a randomly selected group of patients with Crohn's disease was assessed and compared with that in a normal population. The results showed evidence that these patients in spite of an ordinary oral hygiene standard have a high caries frequency and activity, and that dental caries was particularly common in those subjected to extensive small bowel resection. Unusual dietary habits and malabsorption may probably be the main cause of the condition, although neglect of oral hygiene during active phases of the disease might also be important. Increased attention has to be directed towards this problem. A strict oral hygiene should be recommended and the regular use of fluoride treatment appears to be justified in such a high risk group of patients.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the use of specially trained chair-side assistants is highly effective and expedient, and that the present model can be useful in preventive dental health work.
Abstract: A study was undertaken in order to test the effect of hygiene instructions given by specially trained chair-side assistants and to test the value of depuration prior to instructions. Chair-side assistants were trained to motivate and instruct patients in oral hygiene methods. The 71 participants (12 female and 59 male employees of the same industrial firm) were divided into three groups. Group C received depuration (one visit) prior to oral hygiene instruction, Group B hygiene instructions only, and Group A depuration only. Following instructions, the participants were examined after 4, 12 and 24 weeks with respect to: DMFT, Gingival Index, Retention Index, plaque surface and periodontal pockets greater than or equal to 4 mm. The results showed a reduction in plaque surfaces from baseline to 24 weeks in Groups B and C of 67% and 70% (difference not significant). Slight improvement was noted in Group A. Significant improvement was also observed in Gingival Index scores and pocket depths. Significant differences were not found between the groups with respect to Retention Index scores. Smoking did not influence the program. The effects of instructions were retained after 6 months. It is concluded that the use of this kind of personnel is highly effective and expedient, and that the present model can be useful in preventive dental health work.
TL;DR: The results of the two trials indicate that gingival bleeding after gentle massage of the margin with the side of a periodontal probe actually occurs more frequently after rinsing twice daily with a 0.2% aqueous chlorhexidine solution for 1 week than after meticulous mechanical oral hygiene measures during an equally long time period.
Abstract: During a clinical trial for evaluating the antiplaque effect of two flavoured chlorhexidine rinses, the observation was made that bleeding after gentle massage of the gingival margin occurred more often after chemical than after mechanical oral hygiene measures. In order to ascertain the validity of this unexpected observation, the same dental students participated in a repetition of the trial 18 months later. The results of the two trials indicate that gingival bleeding after gentle massage of the margin with the side of a periodontal probe actually occurs more frequently after rinsing twice daily with a 0.2% aqueous chlorhexidine solution for 1 week than after meticulous mechanical oral hygiene measures during an equally long time period. The average frequency of bleeding, in per cent of all examined gingival units, ranged from 1.3% after mechanical cleaning of the teeth to 5.4% after rinsing with chlorhexidine for 1 week. Neither the frequency of bleeding nor the difference between mechanical and chemical plaque control were considered to be of clinical significance. Further microbiological and histological studies are being conducted in an attempt to clarify the reason for the observed bleeding tendency.
TL;DR: Both fluoride rinses inhibited the ability of saliva to lower the pH of a sugar solution, and significant reductions in viable plaque organisms were provided by the fluoride rines.
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of stannous fluoride mouthrinses containing 250 or 1000 ppmF on plaque accumulation, gingivitis, microbial composition of plaque, and the ability of saliva to produce acid, in 48 subjects who abstained from oral hygiene for 5 days. Plaque formation was significantly lower in both SnF2 groups. Clinical gingivitis and gingival fluid measurements did not differ. Significant reductions in viable plaque organisms were provided by the fluoride rinses. No change was noted in the proportions of aerobic, anaerobic, gram-positive, or streptococcal bacterial populations. Both fluoride rinses inhibited the ability of saliva to lower the pH of a sugar solution.