Showing papers on "Organic farming published in 1980"

Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers

Abstract: PREFACE. PART 1: VEGETABLES AND THE VEGETABLE INDUSTRY. 01 BOTANICAL NAMES OF VEGETABLES NAMES OF VEGETABLES IN NINE LANGUAGES. 02 EDIBLE FLOWERS. 03 U.S. VEGETABLE PRODUCTION. 04 CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES IN THE U.S. 05 WORLD VEGETABLE PRODUCTION. 06 NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF VEGETABLES. PART 2: PLANT GROWING AND GREENHOUSE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION. TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION. 01 PLANT GROWING CONTAINERS. 02 SEEDS AND SEEDING. 03 TEMPERATURE AND TIME REQUIREMENTS. 04 PLANT GROWING MIXES. 05 SOIL STERILIZATION. 06 FERTILIZING AND IRRIGATING TRANSPLANTS. 07 PLANT GROWING PROBLEMS. 08 CONDITIONING TRANSPLANTS. 09 ADDITIONAL TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION WEBSITES AND REFERENCES GREENHOUSE CROP PRODUCTION. 10 CULTURAL MANAGEMENT. 11 CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT. 12 SOILLESS CULTURE. 13 NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS. 14 TISSUE COMPOSITION. 15 ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON GREENHOUSE VEGETABLES. PART 3: FIELD PLANTING. 01 TEMPERATURES FOR VEGETABLES. 02 SCHEDULING SUCCESSIVE PLANTINGS. 03 TIME REQUIRED FOR SEEDLING EMERGENCE. 04 SEED REQUIREMENTS. 05 PLANTING RATES FOR LARGE SEEDS. 06 SPACING OF VEGETABLES. 07 PRECISION SEEDING. 08 SEED PRIMING. 09 VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION. 10 POLYETHYLENE MULCHES. 11 ROW COVERS. 12 WINDBREAKS. 13 ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON PLASTICULTURE. PART 4: SOILS AND FERTILIZERS. 01 NUTRIENT BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES. 02 ORGANIC MATTER. 03 SOIL-IMPROVING CROPS. 04 MANURES. 05 SOIL TEXTURE. 06 SOIL REACTION. 07 SALINITY. 08 FERTILIZERS. 09 FERTILIZER CONVERSION FACTORS. 10 NUTRIENT ABSORPTION. 11 PLANT ANALYSIS. 12 SOIL TESTS. 13 NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES. 14 MICRONUTRIENTS. 15 FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS. PART 5: WATER AND IRRIGATION. 01 SUGGESTIONS ON SUPPLYING WATER TO VEGETABLES. 02 ROOTING OF VEGETABLES. 03 SOIL MOISTURE. 04 SURFACE IRRIGATION. 05 OVERHEAD IRRIGATION. 06 DRIP OR TRICKLE IRRIGATION. 07 WATER QUALITY. PART 6: VEGETABLE PESTS AND PROBLEMS. 01 AIR POLLUTION. 02 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT. 03 SOIL SOLARIZATION. 04 PESTICIDE USE PRECAUTIONS. 05 PESTICIDE APPLICATION AND EQUIPMENT. 06 VEGETABLE SEED TREATMENT. 07 NEMATODES. 08 DISEASES. 09 INSECTS. 10 PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS. 11 WILDLIFE CONTROL. PART 7: WEED MANAGEMENT. 01 WEED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES. 02 WEED IDENTIFICATION. 03 NOXIOUS WEEDS. 04 WEED CONTROL IN ORGANIC FARMING. 05 COVER CROPS AND ROTATION IN WEED MANAGEMENT. 06 HERBICIDES. 07 WEED CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS. PART 8: HARVESTING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE. 01 FOOD SAFETY. 02 GENERAL POSTHARVEST HANDLING PROCEDURES. 03 PREDICTING HARVEST DATES AND YIELDS. 04 COOLING VEGETABLES. 05 VEGETABLE STORAGE. 06 CHILLING AND ETHYLENE INJURY. 07 POSTHARVEST DISEASES. 08 VEGETABLE QUALITY. 09 U.S. STANDARDS FOR VEGETABLES. 10 MINIMALLY PROCESSED VEGETABLES. 11 CONTAINERS FOR VEGETABLES. 12 VEGETABLE MARKETING. PART 9: VEGETABLE SEEDS. 01 SEED LABELS. 02 SEED GERMINATION TESTS. 03 SEED GERMINATION STANDARDS. 04 SEED PRODUCTION. 05 SEED YIELDS. 06 SEED STORAGE. 07 VEGETABLE VARIETIES. 08 VEGETABLE SEED SOURCES. PART 10: APPENDIX. 01 SOURCES OF VEGETABLE INFORMATION. 02 PERIODICALS FOR VEGETABLE GROWERS. 03 U.S. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT. 04 CONVERSION FACTORS FOR U.S. UNITS. 05 METRIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT. 06 CONVERSION FACTORS FOR SI AND NON SI UNITS. 07 CONVERSIONS FOR RATES OF APPLICATION. 08 WATER AND SOIL SOLUTION CONVERSION FACTORS. 09 HEAT AND ENERGY EQUIVALENTS AND DEFINITIONS. INDEX.

Ground beetle abundance in organic and conventional corn fields.

Abstract: The abundance of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) was compared on 4 pairs of conventional and organic farms. All farms compared had identical locations, soil types, and cropping histories, but differed in that one farm in each pair was conventionally managed; the other, organically (no use of commercial fertilizers or pesticides). During the summer sampling period, organic farms had significantly greater numbers of carabids captured in pitfall traps in 3 of 4 pairs. Differences in abundance during this time ranged from 20 percent to almost 7-times greater on organic farms. Organic farms also had about twice the number of species found on conventional farms, but had approximately the same level of diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index.

Policy implications of alternative agriculture

Abstract: Agricultural policy in the U.S. is shifting toward support of organic or alternative agricultural practices. The current energy crisis and concern for environmental preservation are considered to be the main factors that have led to this policy alteration. Increasing prices of fertilizers and farm fuels are causing farmers to turn to organic and other energy-efficient modes of crop production. The negative effects of pesticides on health and environment also encourage a switch to organic agricultural practices. (46 references)