Topic
Organic farming
About: Organic farming is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7254 publications have been published within this topic receiving 138030 citations. The topic is also known as: pertanian organik & organic farming.
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26 Oct 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe major components of the weed management tool kit for organic farming, highlighting areas in which important advances have been made in the last decade and argue that instead of approaching the development of multitactic weed management strategies as a purely empirical, trial-and-error activity, the choice and deployment of weed management tactics Organic Grain Production Resource Book 2020 OGRAIN Page 106 of 202
Abstract: Weed management is an important challenge in all farming systems, but it is especially difficult in organic production without the use of chemical herbicides. Given favorable market opportunities for organic products, organic farmers would seem to have strong economic incentives to protect their crops from yield loss due to weeds and to increase the efficiency with which they suppress weed populations. Yet surveys of commercial farmers and assessments by researchers consistently find weeds to be one of the top constraints to organic production (Rasmussen and Ascard, 1995; Walz, 1999; Archer et al., 2007; Sooby et al., 2007; Cavigelli et al., 2008; Posner et al., 2008). This is perhaps not surprising, given the small amounts of money that have been invested in developing and implementing effective weed management strategies for organic farming relative to the billions of dollars invested in research and production to facilitate herbicide-based approaches. Moreover, herbicides generally have higher efficacy than cultivation, the most common direct form of weed control in organic farming (Buhler et al., 1992; Mulder and Doll, 1993). Because organic farming systems lack the equivalent of inexpensive and nearly complete chemical weed control available for conventional systems, effective weed management for organic farming requires the concerted use of multiple physical, biological, and cultural tactics (Bàrberi, 2002; Bond and Grundy, 2001; Hatcher and Melander, 2003; Melander et al., 2005). Liebman and Gallandt (1997) characterized strategies composed of multiple weed suppression tactics that are individually weak but cumulatively strong, as the use of “many li le hammers,” in contrast to the single large hammer that herbicides provide. In this chapter, we describe major components of the weed management tool kit for organic farming, highlighting areas in which important advances have been made in the last decade. We then argue that instead of approaching the development of multitactic weed management strategies as a purely empirical, trial-and-error activity, the choice and deployment of weed management tactics Organic Grain Production Resource Book 2020 OGRAIN Page 106 of 202
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of orchard floor management studies relevant to finding solutions for organic systems and suggest areas for further research, as well as a plant-based solution would improve tree performance and increase soil quality.
Abstract: While pest management and tree horticulture dominate the research agenda for temperate tree fruits, organic production requires more attention to weed control and nutrient management because of the limited options growers have. Weed control and tree nutrition are interlinked and can have impacts on other parts of the system such as rodent pests, beneficial insect habitat, water use, and soil quality. Trade-offs commonly occur when trying to solve weed control and nutrient management in organic orchards. This article reviews numerous orchard-floor management studies relevant to finding solutions for organic systems and suggests areas for further research. Alternatives to soil tillage are needed, as it can degrade soil and tree performance. Conversely, mulching frequently leads to improved tree performance and increased soil quality but can be a costly practice relative to other options. Currently effective organic analogues to the herbicide strip-grass alley system are lacking. A plant-based solution would...
65 citations
TL;DR: Although the potential exists for manipulating soil amendment regimes to affect pest insect populations in collards, an understanding of the mechanisms involved will require further investigation.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the carbon mitigation potential of a series of agricultural land-management practices that are relevant to Belgian agriculture is quantified Reforestation of a part of the total agricultural area is also considered, and the sequestration potential is corrected for practices already in use before the 1990 baseline.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of 159 European organic farmers was conducted to explore the diversity of conservation agriculture techniques (i.e., reduced tillage, no-tillage and green manures) practiced among European farmers, and to identify farmers' main strategies for implementing conservation agriculture and the agronomic and environmental factors that determine these strategies.
Abstract: The interest of organic farmers in adopting conservation agriculture principles, including minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover and crop rotation has been growing since the early 2000s. However, currently there is no network for organic farmers practicing conservation agriculture, and a lack of knowledge on how organic farmers implement conservation agriculture in practice. Consequently, few technical references are available for organic farmers when they start applying conservation agriculture practices, in particular on controlling weeds without the use of herbicides. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to explore the diversity of conservation agriculture techniques (i.e., reduced tillage, no-tillage and green manures) practiced among European farmers, and (2) to identify farmers’ main strategies for implementing conservation agriculture and the agronomic and environmental factors that determine these strategies. Strategies were identified by analyzing survey results on: (1) the type and degree of use of conservation agriculture practices by farmers, and (2) the effects it produces in terms of soil disturbance and soil cover (low, medium and high). We carried out a survey of 159 European organic farmers and collected 125 data sets on management of winter-sown crops. Among the conservation agriculture practices, reduced tillage was used by 89%, no-tillage by 27% and green manure by 74% of the 159 interviewed farmers. Green manures were more frequently used in northern Europe than in the south (below 45°N). Most of the farmers used crop rotations, with a mean duration of 6 years. A wide diversity of conservation agriculture practices were used, with farmers rarely using all three techniques (no-till, reduced till and green manures) within one system. The range of practices was grouped into five strategies ranging from intensive non-inversion tillage without soil cover to very innovative techniques with no-tillage and intercrops. The five strategies for conservation agriculture could be grouped into two larger categories based on weed control approach: (1) intensification of the mechanical work without soil inversion or (2) biological regulation of weeds with cover crops. The diversity of strategies identified in this study shows that organic farmers use innovative approaches to implement conservation agriculture without herbicides. This study's findings will help organic farmers to experiment with innovative practices based on conservation agriculture principles and also benefit conventional farmers who use conservation agriculture practices and would like to reduce or eliminate the use of herbicides.
65 citations