Topic
Organic farming
About: Organic farming is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7254 publications have been published within this topic receiving 138030 citations. The topic is also known as: pertanian organik & organic farming.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a specification that allows for a negative marginal product of pesticides and a damage-abating role for labour and machinery, and found that pesticides are used optimally in conventional farming, which contrasts with results in previous literature.
Abstract: The economic literature on pest control exclusively assumes a non-negative marginal product of pesticides based on a monotonic non-decreasing function of damage abatement, which may bias pesticide productivity estimates. This paper proposes a specification that allows for a negative marginal product of pesticides and a damage-abating role for labour and machinery. Pesticide productivity is found to be lower than previously reported. Conventional farms are found to rely substantially on pesticides and machinery for damage abatement, whereas organic farms mainly rely on machinery use and changes in cultural practices. Productivity analyses based on the asymmetric specification suggest that pesticides are used optimally in conventional farming, which contrasts with results in previous literature.
46 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated unequivocally that organic amendments improved the biological quality through an alteration of the microbial community structure and function and may be appropriately included in the group of ‘Ecosystem Engineers’ that selectively modify the environment and make soil ecosystems more sustainable.
46 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the literature on both the aspects and test empirically that what affects emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere was conducted and the analysis confirmed that the people in rich countries are more responsible for carbon emission than the people of poor countries.
Abstract: Agriculture affects atmosphere by releasing green house gases and get affected in turn, from climate change. This paper reviews the literature on both the aspects and test empirically that what affects emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Data on carbon emissions, energy consumption and agriculture related national level variables are obtained for 120 countries from the World Bank's Green Data Book. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that agricultural land, irrigation, forest area, biomass energy, and energy use efficiency negatively affect the Carbon dioxide emission. But, fertilizer use and per capita energy use affect it positively. The analysis confirms that the people in rich countries are more responsible for carbon emission than the people in poor countries. It recommends for cross subsidization for low external input agriculture, particularly for organic farming in poor countries. Key words : Agriculture; Carbon emissions; Climate change; Energy consumption; GHGs The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 84-102
46 citations
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TL;DR: Sustainable agriculture is defined as a philosophy and system of farming based on a set of values that involve benign designs and management procedures that work with natural processes to conserve all resources, minimize waste and environmental impact, prevent problems, and promote agroecosystem resilience, self-regulation, evolution, and sustained production for the nourishment and fulfillment of all.
Abstract: Sustainable agriculture means many things to many people. To environmentalists the term may mean protection and/or renewal of agricultural-natural resources. To growers and consumers of organic food products, the term means producing foodstuffs without chemical inputs. Other terms-regenerative, low-input, alternative, renewable, organic-have been used synonymously for sustainable. This illustrates existing confusion. Whether conventional or sustainable, profit remains an integral part of the picture for agricultural industry to survive. Opinions vary greatly in defining what sustainable agriculture is, as each division of agriculture has its own definition. It has been called organic farming, which is a system of production that largely avoids the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and plant growth regulators (U.S. Dept. Agriculture, 1980). Whenever feasible, sustainable agriculture relies upon crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, offfarm organic wastes, mechanical cultivation, mineral-bearing rocks, and aspects of biological pest control to maintain the soil and its tillage, to supply plant nutrients, and to control insects and weeds (Oelhaf, 1978; U.S. Dept. Agriculture, 1980). MacRae et al. (1989) defined sustainable agriculture as a philosophy and system of farming based on a set of values that involve benign designs and management procedures that work with natural processes to conserve all resources, minimize waste and environmental impact, prevent problems, and promote agroecosystem resilience, self-regulation, evolution, and sustained production for the nourishment and fulfillment of all.
46 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate data of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) performance from the DOK long-term systems experiment in Switzerland comparing two mixed organic (biodynamic and bioorganic: BIODYN and BIOORG) and a mixed conventional cropping system (CONFYM) using mineral fertilisers and farmyard manure at two fertilisation intensities (level 1: 50% of standard fertilization, level 2: standard fertilisation) since 1978.
46 citations