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Organic semiconductor
About: Organic semiconductor is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15905 publications have been published within this topic receiving 533881 citations.
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TL;DR: Weak intermolecular interactions, low dielectric constants, and the availability of a nearly unlimited number of different molecules determine the scope of organic semiconductors as systems for exploring and exploiting solid-state phenomena as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Weak intermolecular interactions, low dielectric constants, and the availability of a nearly unlimited number of different molecules determine the scope of organic semiconductors as systems for exploring and exploiting solid-state phenomena.
348 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermally evaporated surface layer of metallic Li is found to diffuse through, and subsequently dope, the electron transporting organic semiconducting thin films immediately below the cathode, forming an Ohmic contact.
Abstract: We study the effects of lithium (Li) incorporation in the cathodes of organic light-emitting devices. A thermally evaporated surface layer of metallic Li is found to diffuse through, and subsequently dope, the electron transporting organic semiconducting thin films immediately below the cathode, forming an Ohmic contact. A diffusion length of ∼700 A is inferred from analyses of the current–voltage and secondary ion mass spectrometry data. The conductivity of the Li-doped organic films is ∼3×10−5 S/cm. Photoemission spectroscopy suggests that Li lowers the barrier to injection at the organic/cathode interface, introduces gap states in the bulk of the organic semiconductor, and dopes the bulk to facilitate efficient charge transport.
347 citations
TL;DR: Because many of these dye and pigment chromophores demonstrate excellent thermal and (photo-)chemical stability in their original applications in dyeing and printing, and are accessible by straightforward synthetic protocols, they bear a particularly high potential for commercial applications in the area of organic electronics.
Abstract: Organic dyes and pigments constitute a large class of industrial products. The utilization of these compounds in the field of organic electronics is reviewed with particular emphasis on organic field-effect transistors. It is shown that for most major classes of industrial dyes and pigments, i.e., phthalocyanines, perylene and naphthalene diimides, diketopyrrolopyrroles, indigos and isoindigos, squaraines, and merocyanines, charge-carrier mobilities exceeding 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) have been achieved. The most widely investigated molecules due to their n-channel operation are perylene and naphthalene diimides, for which even values close to 10 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) have been demonstrated. The fact that all of these π-conjugated colorants contain polar substituents leading to strongly quadrupolar or even dipolar molecules suggests that indeed a much larger structural space shows promise for the design of organic semiconductor molecules than was considered in this field traditionally. In particular, because many of these dye and pigment chromophores demonstrate excellent thermal and (photo-)chemical stability in their original applications in dyeing and printing, and are accessible by straightforward synthetic protocols, they bear a particularly high potential for commercial applications in the area of organic electronics.
347 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review article summarizes the recent progress made in the area of organic thermoelectrics (TEs), including organic molecular structures, devices, characterization methods, and approaches to improve the performance.
Abstract: Organic semiconductor materials have advantages of low cost, light weight, mechanical flexibility and low-temperature solution processability over large areas, enabling the development of personal, portable, and flexible thermal modules. This review article summarizes the recent progress made in the area of organic thermoelectrics (TEs), including organic molecular structures, devices, characterization methods, and approaches to improve the performance. We begin with the discussion of each TE parameter and particularly their correlations in organic TEs. Then the TE applications of molecular organic semiconductors, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polymer nanostructures and molecular junctions are reviewed. Next we turn to highlight the nanocomposites of polymers and carbon nanotubes or nanocrystals, which lead to enhanced TEs. Interestingly, the merging of TEs and photovoltaics offers a new direction towards a great capability of electric energy output. Critical challenges of organic TE materials include stability, sample preparation and measurement techniques, which are also discussed. Finally, the relationships among organic semiconductor structures, hybrid composites, doping states, film morphology and TE performance are revealed, and a viable avenue is envisioned for synergistic optimization of organic TEs.
346 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have fabricated organic thin film transistors, inverters, and ring oscillators on glass and on flexible polyethylene naphthalate, using the small-molecule hydrocarbon pentacene as the semiconductor and solution-processed polyvinylphenol as the gate dielectric.
Abstract: We have fabricated organic thin film transistors, inverters, and ring oscillators on glass and on flexible polyethylene naphthalate, using the small-molecule hydrocarbon pentacene as the semiconductor and solution-processed polyvinylphenol as the gate dielectric. Depending on the choice of substrate, the transistors have a carrier mobility between 0.3 and 0.7 cm2/V s, an on/off current ratio between 105 and 106, and a subthreshold swing between 0.9 and 1.6 V/decade. To account for the positive switch-on voltage of the transistors, circuits were designed to operate with integrated level shifting. Depending on the type of substrate, ring oscillators have a signal propagation delay as low as 15 μs per stage.
345 citations