Organomercury Compounds

About: Organomercury Compounds is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 392 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6465 citations.

Syntheses with Radicals—C ? C Bond Formation via Organotin and Organomercury Compounds [New Synthetic Methods (52)]

Abstract: CC bond formation is one of the most important synthetic steps in the construction of organic molecules. In the last few years it has been increasingly achieved by radical addition to alkenes. In such reactions the adduct radicals have to be trapped by an donor subsequent to the CC bond formation in order to prevent polymerization. This task can be accomplished with organotin and organomercury hydrides, the use of which has led to new synthetic methods. The occurrence of radical chain reactions in which reactions take place between radicals and nonradicals is decisive for the success of the synthesis. In these cases small amounts of radical initiators suffice and numerous functional groups may be used in the CC bond-forming reactions. The yields and selectivities of these radical reactions are often very high.

Genotoxicity of mercury compounds. A review.

Abstract: This article reviews literature data concerning the genotoxicity of 29 mercury-containing agents, including laboratory compounds as well as ingredients of preparations used as fungicides, dyes, disinfectants and drugs. A variety of genetic end-points were investigated in bacteria, yeasts, moulds, plants, insects, cultured cells from fishes, rodents or humans, aquatic organisms, amphibians, mammalia and exposed humans. The overall evaluation is quite complex. Mercury compounds failed to induce point mutations in bacteria but often exerted clastogenic effects in eukaryotes, especially by binding SH groups and acting as spindle inhibitors, thereby causing c-mitosis and consequently aneuploidy and/or polyploidy. Inorganic mercury compounds were also found to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species and glutathione depletion in cultured mammalian cells. Although different mercury compounds tended to produce qualitatively comparable genetic effects, which suggests the involvement of a common toxic entity, methylmercury derivatives and other ionizable organomercury compounds were more active in short-term tests than either non-ionizable mercury compounds (e.g., dimethylmercury) or inorganic mercury salts (e.g., mercuric chloride). The results of cytogenetic monitoring in peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals exposed to elemental mercury or mercury compounds from accidental, occupational or alimentary sources were either negative or borderline or uncertain as to the actual role played by mercury in some positive findings. Both genotoxic and non-genotoxic mechanisms may contribute to the renal carcinogenicity of mercury, which so far has been convincingly demonstrated only in male rodents treated with methylmercury chloride.

Organometallic compounds in the environment : principles and reactions

Abstract: The only current single-volume source of information on the topic. Looks at environmental and toxicity problems caused by the occurrence of organomercury compounds in the environment, including the involvement of gasoline additives, methyl and ethyl, polymers, organosilicas, and additives and catalysts. Provides a comprehensive guide to the chemical, environmental, industrial, and biogeochemical properties of the subject.

The speciation of mercury and organomercury compounds by using high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract: No previous reviews on speciation analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have dealt solely with the analysis of mercury. The analytical methods are classified on the basis of the sample matrix analysed and deal with: standards and water, marine organisms, biomedical samples and sediments. The relevant technical information, column type, mobile phase, method of detection and detection limit, is presented in tabular form for each of the sample types. The majority of methods use reversed phase chromatography, usually with a buffer, organic modifier and some form of counter ion or complexing agent. Other aspects addressed in this review include sample preparation and instrumental methods of analysis. The review covers publications from 1986 to 1999.