Topic
Orientalism
About: Orientalism is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2952 publications have been published within this topic receiving 57450 citations.
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01 Jan 1961
TL;DR: Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth as mentioned in this paper is a classic of post-colonization political analysis, and it is now available in a new translation that updates its language for a new generation of readers.
Abstract: A distinguished psychiatrist from Martinique who took part in the Algerian Nationalist Movement, Frantz Fanon was one of the most important theorists of revolutionary struggle, colonialism, and racial difference in history. Fanon s masterwork is a classic alongside Edward Said s Orientalism or The Autobiography of Malcolm X, and it is now available in a new translation that updates its language for a new generation of readers. The Wretched of the Earth is a brilliant analysis of the psychology of the colonized and their path to liberation. Bearing singular insight into the rage and frustration of colonized peoples, and the role of violence in effecting historical change, the book incisively attacks the twin perils of postindependence colonial politics: the disenfranchisement of the masses by the elites on the one hand, and intertribal and interfaith animosities on the other. Fanon s analysis, a veritable handbook of social reorganization for leaders of emerging nations, has been reflected all too clearly in the corruption and violence that has plagued present-day Africa. The Wretched of the Earth has had a major impact on civil rights, anticolonialism, and black consciousness movements around the world, and this bold new translation by Richard Philcox reaffirms it as a landmark."
8,601 citations
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01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: From Jane Austen to Salman Rushdie, from Yeats to the media coverage of the Gulf War, this is an account of the roots of imperialism in European culture.
Abstract: From Jane Austen to Salman Rushdie, from Yeats to the media coverage of the Gulf War, this is an account of the roots of imperialism in European culture. While many historians and commentators have analyzed the phenomenon of the imperial power wielded by Britain (and France) in the 19th century, this book analyzes its impact on the culture of the period. The author focusses on the way this cultural legacy has embedded itself in the Western view of the East, and affects our relationship with the formerly colonized world at every level, both social and political. The author also wrote "Orientalism".
5,623 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Orientalism as mentioned in this paper is defined as the "ineradicable distinction between Western superiority and Oriental inferiority" and it has been called "the hegemonism of possessing minorities" and anthropocentrism allied with Europocentricity.
Abstract: Seite 41 From 1815 to 1914 European direct colonial dominion expanded from about 35 percent of the earth’s surface to about 85 percent of it. For much of the nineteenth Century, as Lord Salisbury put it in 1881, the common view of France and England of the Orient was was : “if you are bent on meddling in a country in which you are deeply interested —you have three courses open to you. You may renounce—or monopolize—or share. Renouncing would have been to place the French across our road to India. Monopolizing would have been near the risk of war. So we resolved to share.“ What they shared, however, was not only land or profit or rule; it was the kind of intellectual power I have been calling Orientalism. 42 If the essence of Orientalism is the ineradicable distinction between Western superiority and Oriental inferiority, then we must be prepared to note how in its development and subsequent history, Orientalism deepened and even hardened the distinction. 108 No better instance exists today of what Anwar Abdel Malek calls „the hegemonism of possessing minorities“ and anthropocentrism allied with Europocentrism: a white middle-class Westerner believes it his human prerogative not only to manage the nonwhite world but also to own it, just because by definition „it“ is not quite as human as „we“ are. There is no purer example than this of dehumanized thought.
1,235 citations
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01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, Young argues that all efforts to subsume history into a single narrative are doomed to failure: there remains always an unassimilable surplus, and suggests strategies for a hon-historicist history which avoids the trap of Eurocentricism.
Abstract: We are still living under the Empire of the Selfsame. The same masters domimate history from the beginning ...history, as a story of phallocentrism hasn't moved except to repeat itself.' Helene Cixous's indictment of history' as a story of phallocentrism' provides the starting point for Robert Young's exploration of the operations of history' in Western theory. History', Young argues, has always been a problematical concept. In the wake of Postmodernism, with its celebration of dislocation and disunity, the status of history has become ever less certain. White Mythologies traces various attempts to produce a coherent theory of history, from Hegel and Marx to Lukacs and Sartre, and to the more recent work of Althusser and Foucault who tried without success to produce a non-historicist history. Young suggests that all efforts to subsume history into a single narrative are doomed to failure: there remains always an unassimilable surplus. In Marxist accounts, in which history' is the struggle between the working class and the bourgeoisie, the Third World appears as this excess, surplus to the narrative of the West. Young goes on to consider strategies for a hon-historicist history which avoids the trap of Eurocentricism. While Edward Said's influential critique of Orientalism ends by repeating the very structures it attacks, Homi Bhabha and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak have successfully exploited the ambivalence of history to deconstruct its totalising authority. At the same time, they suggest a way forward by means of a shift in the locational specifity of historical argument.
898 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a scan of contemporary dissident criticism, which can act as a caution against the tendency to disown work done within radical traditions other than the most recently enunciated heterodoxies, as necessarily less subversive of the established order.
Abstract: Writing of the disparate projects that seek to establish alternative protocols in disciplinary studies, Edward Said finds their common feature to be that all work out of a secular, marginal and oppositional consciousness, posits 'nothing less than new objects of knowledge ... new theoretical models that upset or at the very least radically alter the prevailing paradigmatic norms', and are 'political and practical in as much as they intend ... the end of dominating, coercive systems of knowledge'. 1 The policy of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, which is condensed in this ecumenical scan of contemporary dissident criticism, can act as a caution against the tendency to disown work done within radical traditions other than the most recently enunciated heterodoxies, as necessarily less subversive of the established order. Said's own critique of Orientalism, directed at 'dismantling the science of imperialism', has fed into and augmented colonial discourse analysis, itself engendered where literary theory converged with the transgressive writings of women, blacks and anti-imperialists in the metropolitan wor ld, and post-colonial interrogations of western canons. The construction of a text disrupting imperialism's authorized version was begun long ago within the political and intellectual cultures of colonial liberation movements, and the counter-discourse developed in this milieu which is known to western academies, read by black activists in the USA and transcribed as armed struggle in the other hemisphere, was written way back in the 1950s by Frantz Fanon, psychiatrist and polemicist, theoretician and guerilla. Although critics now developing a critique of colonialism do invoke Fanon, this can be a ceremonial gesture to an exemplary and exceptional radical stance
581 citations