Showing papers on "Orientation (computer vision) published in 1971"

Device for machine reading of information without manipulation of the information carrier

Abstract: A system is disclosed for reading digitally expressable information from randomly positioned and randomly oriented data fields by detecting presence of a data field in a search field through imaging the search field onto a recognition device and changing position, distortion and magnification of the image until projected onto a read head. Through relative rotation between read head and image or an image therefrom correct orientation for readout is obtained. Particular boundary markings of the data field facilitate position control, particular control markings are used for orientation control. The position control for the data field image is obtained electron optically or through adjustable optical elements.

Method for encoding positions of mechanisms

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a method of digitizing two or three dimensional mechanisms in varied positions. If the object to be encoded is a fixed model, then such model in its fixed position is encoded. If the object is a movable mechanism, then the mechanism can be encoded in several positions whereby there can be provided a set of the mechanism's motions. The method includes the steps of providing a plurality of coordinates pickup points on the object or mechanism to be encoded. These points are sensed in Cartesian coordinates orientation, using a capacitance tablet, for example, to provide the Cartesian coordinates information for each of the sensed points. The Cartesian coordinates information is suitably provided to a digital computer interactive graphics device combination wherein, utilizing the Cartesian coordinate points information of the sensed points, a displayable projection of the object or mechanism can be calculated and such projection can be displayed on the screen of the interactive graphics device. Where it is desired to encode a three-dimensional mechanism, the encoding information can be obtained in perpendicular capacitance tablet planes or in poses displaced by 90 DEG to enable the providing of X, Y and Z coordinates information. In addition, if the mechanism is of a movable type, then it can be encoded in different positions and, in the computer, the encodings for these different positions can be extrapolated to enable the calculations of a series of displayable projections which form an animated sequence. The projections can be calculated, using the Cartesian coordinates information, to provide either two- or three-dimensional projections.

Timepiece indicating time by generated images in sets

Abstract: A timepiece wherein at least two sets of images are generated on an indicating panel, the number of images present and belonging to the first set indicating the hourly segments in the designation of the time, and the number of images present and belonging to the other one or two sets of images indicating the minute segments in the designation of the time. The images of each set are identified to the set by figure, color, concept, orientation or by any combination thereof. The images may be generated by means of various known means making use, for example, of lamps, lamps and image-printed transparent film, electroluminescent devices, light emissive diodes liquid crystal cells, or the like.

Code reading system for identification of moving and stationary objects utilizing noncoherent optics

Abstract: For purposes of material handling and inventory management of railway cars, trucks, crates, packaged and unpackaged goods, and similar objects, markings, comprising a plurality or a composite of coded patterns, on such moving and stationary objects are used for their identification or identification of their contents. To permit such identification, an extended source of spatially incoherent light is modulated by passage through or reflection from the markings to provide input images of the coded patterns. The input images are projected through a pair of plates each having a Fresnel zone thereon for transformation of the input images into output signals corresponding to the optical Fourier transforms of the input images. Since the spatial positions and angular orientations of the output signals are dependent upon the spatial frequencies and orientations of the input images, the coded markings comprise a plurality of distinct patterns of different orientation and spatial frequency which can be correlated to a numerical identification system corresponding to information concerning the objects. The system is designed to operate as close to the geometrical optics limit as is practically feasible.

A holographic system that records front-surface detail of a scene moving at high velocity

Abstract: A holographic technique that uses an elliptical orientation for the holographic arrangement is discussed. It is shown that the degree of image degradation is not only a function of exposure time but also of the system used. The form of the functional system dependence is given, as well as the results of several systems tested, which verify this dependence. It is further demonstrated that the important parameter is the total motion of the target. Using the experimentally determined resolution of front-surface detail from a target with a velocity of 17,546 centimeters per second, an upper limit on target velocity for resolution of front-surface detail for a given system can be predicted.

Moment Methods for the Identification of Three Dimensional Objects from Optical Images

Abstract: : The approach presented here makes use of the theory of two- dimensional moment invariants for planar geometric figures developed by Ming-kue Hu. Complete systems of moment invariants under translation, similitude and orthogonal transformations are derived. By carefully utilizing these properties, a sample set is constructed in which each sample is represented by a vector which characterizes the image for a certain orientation of some object from the given group. A pattern recognition technique is then described in which a parametric representation of the input signal is employed. The decision process using typical samples partitions the space into regions that envelop the chosen samples of a class. A simulation program based on the above outline is successfully developed which not only identifies objects, but also determines their orientation and position in space.

Schlieren visualization device allowing an arbitrary orientation of the lines with respect to the scanning direction.

Abstract: By means of a grid and three centered and astigmatic optical systems, it is possible to get an arbitrary orientation of the image of the slits of the grid with respect to the measuring direction. Such a device improves the accuracy of the observation of boundary layers encountered in aerodynamical, thermal, and mass transport phenomena. This process can also easily be applied to differential interferometry.