Output impedance

About: Output impedance is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11185 publications have been published within this topic receiving 134949 citations.

The Influence of the Output Impedances of Peaking Power Amplifier on Broadband Doherty Amplifiers

Abstract: The effect of the output impedance of peaking power amplifier (PA) on Doherty PAs (DPAs) is analyzed in this paper. In the design procedure of DPAs, the ideal case is that the output impedance of auxiliary PA is infinite at output power back-off (OPBO) level. However, it is almost impossible to realize this perfect condition in broadband DPAs. Therefore, when the output impedance of peaking path deviates from infinity, some potential effects on DPAs must be produced. In this paper, these effects are explained at the internal plane of transistors. The conclusion is that, at different normalized frequencies, there are different optimal impedance regions for the output impedance of peaking stage. This means that the noninfinite output impedances of peaking stage can enhance the performances of broadband DPAs so long as they are elaborately processed. A 1.65–2.7-GHz (48% bandwidth) broadband DPA is designed considering the effects of peaking PA. The experimental results show that this DPA obtains a drain efficiency of 41%–59.6% at 6-dB OPBO levels and a drain efficiency of 55.8%–72.2% at saturation power levels. The maximum output power across the entire operating band is 43.1–45.2 dBm with a gain of 9.0–10.2 dB. Furthermore, the designed DPA achieves an adjacent channel leakage ratio of −45.8 dBc with an output power of 36.1 dBm at 2.0 GHz after digital predistortion when it is excited by 5-MHz WCDMA signal with a peaking-to-average power ratio of 8.6 dB.

Variable gain amplifier using impedance network

Abstract: A circuit includes a transconductance device which converts an input signal voltage to a signal current. An output terminal is coupled to receive signal current from the transconductance device. A gain-control circuit has an impedance network coupled to the output terminal to maintain a constant impedance at the output terminal and selectively steers current from the transconductance device through at least first and second different nodes of the impedance network to vary the current supplied to the output terminal. The circuit has reduced noise figure degradation as compared to known current steering circuits by controlling gain without dumping signal current directly to the supply and without changing the impedance at the output terminal. The circuit is particularly useful in the RF section of radio receivers and transmitters, such as in cellular phones.

Protection system for preventing defibrillation with incorrect or improperly connected electrodes

Abstract: A protection circuit for a defibrillator that prevents a defibrillator pulse from being generated if the impedance between the defibrillator's electrode leads is not characteristic of the impedance between a pair of defibrillator electrodes properly connected to the defibrillator. The impedance measuring circuit applies a current to the electrode leads and the resulting voltage is measured to provide an indication of the electrode's impedance. The current is applied between the electrodes at about 33 kHz to approximate the impedance between a pair of defibrillator electrodes during a defibrillation pulse. The output of the measurement circuit is converted to an 8 bit word by an analog-to-digital converter and read by a microprocessor which compares the measured impedance to various impedance values in order to either generate an enable signal for the defibrillator or display messages indicative of open or short circuited electrode leads or a patient monitoring electrode connected to the electrode leads. the impedance measurement circuit operates in either of two ranges which are selected by the microprocessor on the basis of the measured impedance values.

Method and apparatus for a power system for phased-array radar

Abstract: A power system for a phased-array radar system powers an antenna array with a single multiphase transformer. A plurality of AC/DC converters are connected in parallel between the single multiphase transformer and a common bus. The common bus is balanced with respect to chassis ground reducing noise and improving operating safety of the antenna. The AC/DC converters each has a multi-sloped characteristic which enables the converters to share power by modifying output impedance as a function of load without external control signals. The system also has several layers of fault detection.

Tight magnetic coupling in multiphase interleaved converters based on simple transformers

Abstract: Magnetic integration and magnetic coupling are very promising concepts to be applied in multiphase converters. Tight magnetic coupling allows energy transfer among phases. Ideally the magnetic component can act as a voltage source, with very low output impedance and with a perfect sharing of output current ripple. The main advantages provided by magnetic coupling are size and losses reduction and dynamic improvement. In this paper two winding transformer arrangements to be used in multiphase converters are presented, and validated with a new integrated transformer.