Topic
Ovulation
About: Ovulation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18900 publications have been published within this topic receiving 577209 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0030728.
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TL;DR: It is asserted that examination of the endometrium during the secretory phase yields more information about the time of ovulation degree of progestational change and normality of theendometrium than any other test used in sterility studies.
3,274 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses upon key branching points during the development of ovarian follicles as well as factors involved in determining the eventual destiny of individual follicles, and discusses inconsistencies in the literature regarding the definitions of follicle recruitment and selection.
Abstract: Mammalian ovaries consist of follicles as basic functional units. The total number of ovarian follicles is determined early in life, and the depletion of this pool leads to reproductive senescence. Each follicle develops to either ovulate or, more likely, to undergo degeneration. The dynamics of ovarian follicle development have interested endocrinologists and developmental biologists for many years. With the advent of assisted reproductive techniques in humans, the possibility of regulating follicle development in vivo and in vitro has gained clinical relevance. In this review, we focus upon key branching points during the development of ovarian follicles as well as factors involved in determining the eventual destiny of individual follicles. We discuss inconsistencies in the literature regarding the definitions of follicle recruitment and selection and propose to name the two major steps of follicle development as initial and cyclic recruitment, respectively. Because some of these disparities have arisen due to differences in the animal systems studied, we also compare the development of the ovarian follicles of both humans and rats. We also review the status of knowledge of several puzzling clinical issues that may provide important clues toward unlocking the mechanisms of follicle development.
1,501 citations
TL;DR: A new method for synchronizing the time of ovulation in cattle using GnRH and PGF2α could have a major impact on managing reproduction in lactating dairy cows, because it allows for AI to occur at a known time of Ovulation and eliminates the need for detection of estrus.
1,308 citations
TL;DR: Endometriosis is estrogen-dependent, manifests during reproductive years and is associated with pain and infertility, while lesion eradication is considered a fertility-enhancing procedure, the benefit on reproductive performance is moderate.
Abstract: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-type mucosa outside the uterine cavity. Of the proposed pathogenic theories (retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia and Mullerian remnants), none explain all the different types of endometriosis. According to the most convincing model, the retrograde menstruation hypothesis, endometrial fragments reaching the pelvis via transtubal retrograde flow, implant onto the peritoneum and abdominal organs, proliferate and cause chronic inflammation with formation of adhesions. The number and amount of menstrual flows together with genetic and environmental factors determines the degree of phenotypic expression of the disease. Endometriosis is estrogen-dependent, manifests during reproductive years and is associated with pain and infertility. Dysmenorrhoea, deep dyspareunia, dyschezia and dysuria are the most frequently reported symptoms. Standard diagnosis is carried out by direct visualization and histologic examination of lesions. Pain can be treated by excising peritoneal implants, deep nodules and ovarian cysts, or inducing lesion suppression by abolishing ovulation and menstruation through hormonal manipulation with progestins, oral contraceptives and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. Medical therapy is symptomatic, not cytoreductive; surgery is associated with high recurrence rates. Although lesion eradication is considered a fertility-enhancing procedure, the benefit on reproductive performance is moderate. Assisted reproductive technologies constitute a valid alternative. Endometriosis is associated with a 50% increase in the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, but preventive interventions are feasible.
1,174 citations
TL;DR: Negative energy balance probably acts similarly to undernutrition and may manifest in delayed ovarian activity by impinging on pulsatile secretion of LH, and lower availability of glucose and insulin may also decrease LH pulsatility or limit ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins.
1,140 citations