Topic
Oxidative stress
About: Oxidative stress is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 86513 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3845790 citations. The topic is also known as: oxydative stress.
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TL;DR: Results indicate that the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species can result in biochemical aberrations with features reminiscent of mitochondrial myopathy, Friedreich ataxia, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency.
Abstract: Oxidative stress has been implicated in many diseases. The chief source of reactive oxygen species within the cell is the mitochondrion. We have characterized a variety of the biochemical and metabolic effects of inactivation of the mouse gene for the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (CD1-Sod2tm1Cje). The Sod2 mutant mice exhibit a tissue-specific inhibition of the respiratory chain enzymes NADH-dehydrogenase (complex I) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), inactivation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme aconitase, development of a urine organic aciduria in conjunction with a partial defect in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, and accumulation of oxidative DNA damage. These results indicate that the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species can result in biochemical aberrations with features reminiscent of mitochondrial myopathy, Friedreich ataxia, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency.
577 citations
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TL;DR: It is reported here that the expression of SIRT2 is elevated in the white adipose tissue and kidney of caloric‐restricted mice and it is demonstrated that SIRT3a binds to FOXO3a and reduces its acetylation level, which increases FOXO DNA binding and elevates theexpression of FOXO target genes.
Abstract: The sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent (NAD) deacetylases plays an important role in aging and metabolic regulation. In yeast, the Sir2 gene and its homolog Hst2 independently mediate the action of caloric restriction on lifespan extension. The mammalian Sir2 ortholog, SIRT1, is up-regulated by caloric restriction and deacetylates a variety of substrates, including histones and the forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors. The mammalian ortholog of Hst2, SIRT2, was shown to co-localize with microtubules and functions as alpha-tubulin deacetylase. During G2/M phase, SIRT2 proteins enter nuclei and deacetylate histones. We report here that the expression of SIRT2 is elevated in the white adipose tissue and kidney of caloric-restricted mice. Oxidative stress, such as hydrogen peroxide treatment, also increases SIRT2 expression in cells. We have demonstrated that SIRT2 binds to FOXO3a and reduces its acetylation level. SIRT2 hence increases FOXO DNA binding and elevates the expression of FOXO target genes, p27(Kip1), manganese superoxide dismutase and Bim. As a consequence, SIRT2 decreases cellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, as Bim is a pro-apoptotic factor, SIRT2 promotes cell death when cells are under severe stress. Therefore, mammalian SIRT2 responds to caloric restriction and oxidative stress to deacetylate FOXO transcription factors.
577 citations
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TL;DR: Malondialdehyde level is commonly known as a marker of oxidative stress and the antioxidant status in cancerous patients.
Abstract: Free radicals generate the lipid peroxidation process in an organism. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the final products of polyunsaturated fatty acids peroxidation in the cells. An increase in free radicals causes overproduction of MDA. Malondialdehyde level is commonly known as a marker of oxidative stress and the antioxidant status in cancerous patients.
576 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs and found that AgNs induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and suppression of reduced glutathione (GSH) in human Chang liver cells.
575 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that keap1 loss-of-function mutations extend the lifespan of Drosophila males, supporting a role for Nrf2 signaling in the regulation of longevity and suggesting the fruit fly as an experimental system to identify and characterize such agents.
575 citations