Topic
Oxidative stress
About: Oxidative stress is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 86513 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3845790 citations. The topic is also known as: oxydative stress.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported that mice lacking one of the key enzymes involved in the elimination of physiological ROS, glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), were protected from high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance.
519 citations
TL;DR: Antioxidant nutrients including, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin B(6), beta-carotene, zinc, and selenium, are addressed in this review to discuss their beneficial role in lead-induced oxidative stress.
519 citations
TL;DR: Uremia may be described as a state of carbonyl overload or "carbonyl stress" resulting from either increased oxidation of carbohydrates and lipids (oxidative stress) or inadequate detoxification or inactivation of reactive carbonyL compounds derived from both carbohydrates andlipids by oxidative and nonoxidatives.
518 citations
TL;DR: The effects of chronic exercise on the up-regulation of both antioxidant enzymes and the glutathione antioxidant defense system are discussed and it seems plausible that increased cellular concentrations of these antioxidants will reduce the risk of cellular injury, improve performance, and delay muscle fatigue.
Abstract: Cellular oxidants include a variety of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorinating species. It is well established that the increase in metabolic rate in skeletal muscle during contractile activity results in an increased production of oxidants. Failure to remove these oxidants during exercise can result in significant oxidative damage of cellular biomolecules. Fortunately, regular endurance exercise results in adaptations in the skeletal muscle antioxidant capacity, which protects myocytes against the deleterious effects of oxidants and prevents extensive cellular damage. This review discusses the effects of chronic exercise on the up-regulation of both antioxidant enzymes and the glutathione antioxidant defense system. Primary antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase will be discussed as well as glutathione, which is an important nonenzymatic antioxidant. Growing evidence indicates that exercise training results in an elevation in the activities of both superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase along with increased cellular concentrations of glutathione in skeletal muscles. It seems plausible that increased cellular concentrations of these antioxidants will reduce the risk of cellular injury, improve performance, and delay muscle fatigue.
518 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the cell cycle checkpoint function have been studied and the effects on cell cycle checkpoints have not been studied yet.
518 citations