Topic
Oxidative stress
About: Oxidative stress is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 86513 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3845790 citations. The topic is also known as: oxydative stress.
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University of Graz1, Joanneum Research2, Research Institute of Molecular Pathology3, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology4, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna5, Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas6, Austrian Academy of Sciences7, University of Salzburg8, University of Basel9, University of St Andrews10
TL;DR: This article showed that spermidine, a natural polyamine whose intracellular concentration declines during human ageing, markedly extended the lifespan of yeast, flies and worms, and human immune cells.
Abstract: Ageing results from complex genetically and epigenetically programmed processes that are elicited in part by noxious or stressful events that cause programmed cell death. Here, we report that administration of spermidine, a natural polyamine whose intracellular concentration declines during human ageing, markedly extended the lifespan of yeast, flies and worms, and human immune cells. In addition, spermidine administration potently inhibited oxidative stress in ageing mice. In ageing yeast, spermidine treatment triggered epigenetic deacetylation of histone H3 through inhibition of histone acetyltransferases (HAT), suppressing oxidative stress and necrosis. Conversely, depletion of endogenous polyamines led to hyperacetylation, generation of reactive oxygen species, early necrotic death and decreased lifespan. The altered acetylation status of the chromatin led to significant upregulation of various autophagy-related transcripts, triggering autophagy in yeast, flies, worms and human cells. Finally, we found that enhanced autophagy is crucial for polyamine-induced suppression of necrosis and enhanced longevity.
1,230 citations
TL;DR: This review addresses recent advances in specific mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, including inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice, where nitration is prevented, but unscavenged superoxide production then causes toxic lipid peroxidation to occur instead.
1,230 citations
TL;DR: Current evidence in clinical research does not show unequivocal distinction between causal or associative relationships of pro-oxidants to the disease process.
1,224 citations
TL;DR: It is clear that a high level of endogenous ascorbate is essential effectively to maintain the antioxidant system that protects plants from oxidative damage due to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Abstract: Even under optimal conditions, many metabolic processes, including the chloroplastic, mitochondrial, and plasma membrane-linked electron transport systems of higher plants, produce active oxygen species (AOS). Furthermore, the imposition of biotic and abiotic stress conditions can give rise to excess concentrations of AOS, resulting in oxidative damage at the cellular level. Therefore, antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes function to interrupt the cascades of uncontrolled oxidation in each organelle. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exists as isoenzymes and plays an important role in the metabolism of H(2)O(2) in higher plants. APX is also found in eukaryotic algae. The characterization of APX isoenzymes and the sequence analysis of their clones have led to a number of investigations that have yielded interesting and novel information on these enzymes. Interestingly, APX isoenzymes of chloroplasts in higher plants are encoded by only one gene, and their mRNAs are generated by alternative splicing of the gene's two 3'-terminal exons. Manipulation of the expression of the enzymes involved in the AOS-scavenging systems by gene-transfer technology has provided a powerful tool for increasing the present understanding of the potential of the defence network against oxidative damage caused by environmental stresses. Transgenic plants expressing E. coli catalase to chloroplasts with increased tolerance to oxidative stress indicate that AOS-scavenging enzymes, especially chloroplastic APX isoenzymes are sensitive under oxidative stress conditions. It is clear that a high level of endogenous ascorbate is essential effectively to maintain the antioxidant system that protects plants from oxidative damage due to biotic and abiotic stresses.
1,221 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the concept of ‘persistent oxidative stress in cancer’ may open up a new research area, explaining part of the characteristic tumor biology of cancer such as activated transcription factors and proto‐oncogenes, genomic instability, chemotherapy‐resistance, invasion and metastasis.
1,210 citations