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Oxidative stress

About: Oxidative stress is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 86513 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3845790 citations. The topic is also known as: oxydative stress.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome and its major clinical manifestations (namely coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetes), and to highlight the effects of lifestyle modification in ameliorating oxidative stress.

742 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
M. Flint Beal1
TL;DR: There is a large body of evidence implicating oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of both normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases as discussed by the authors, however, although there are a large number of potential oxidative modifications only a few have been systematically studied.

740 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Monitoring oxidative markers among hepatocytes offers the potential to diagnose the degree of liver damage and ultimately to observe the response to pharmacological therapies, as well as explaining the pathogenesis of various liver disorders.
Abstract: Redox state constitutes an important background of numerous liver disorders. The redox state participates in the course of inflammatory, metabolic and proliferative liver diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are primarily produced in the mitochondria and in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes via the cytochrome P450 enzymes. Under the proper conditions, cells are equipped with special molecular strategies that control the level of oxidative stress and maintain a balance between oxidant and antioxidant particles. Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents. Hepatocytic proteins, lipids and DNA are among the cellular structures that are primarily affected by ROS and reactive nitrogen species. The process results in structural and functional abnormalities in the liver. Thus, the phenomenon of oxidative stress should be investigated for several reasons. First, it may explain the pathogenesis of various liver disorders. Moreover, monitoring oxidative markers among hepatocytes offers the potential to diagnose the degree of liver damage and ultimately to observe the response to pharmacological therapies. The present report focuses on the role of oxidative stress in selected liver diseases.

740 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In late gestation increased oxidative stress is seen in pregnancies complicated by diabetes, IUGR, and preeclampsia in association with increased trophoblast apoptosis and deportation and altered placental vascular reactivity.
Abstract: Pregnancy is a state of oxidative stress arising from increased placental mitochondrial activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly superoxide anion. The placenta also produces other ROS including nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and peroxynitrite which have pronounced effects on placental function including trophoblast proliferation and differentiation and vascular reactivity. Excessive production of ROS may occur at certain windows in placental development and in pathologic pregnancies, such as those complicated by preeclampsia and/or IUGR, overpowering antioxidant defenses with deleterious outcome. In the first trimester, establishment of blood flow into the intervillous space is associated with a burst of oxidative stress. The inability to mount an effective antioxidant defense against this results in early pregnancy loss. In late gestation increased oxidative stress is seen in pregnancies complicated by diabetes, IUGR, and preeclampsia in association with increased trophoblast apoptosis and deportation and altered placental vascular reactivity. Evidence for this oxidative stress includes increased lipid peroxides and isoprostanes and decreased expression and activity of antioxidants. The interaction of nitric oxide and superoxide produces peroxynitrite, a powerful prooxidant with diverse deleterious effects including nitration of tyrosine residues on proteins thus altering function. Nitrative stress, subsequent to oxidative stress is seen in the placenta in preeclampsia and diabetes in association with altered placental function.

738 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, free radicals induce DNA sequence changes in the form of mutations, deletions, gene amplification and rearrangements, which may result in the initiation of apoptosis signalling leading to cell death, or to the activation of several proto-oncogenes and/or the inactivation of some tumour suppressor genes.

736 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20238,839
202217,614
20216,457
20206,203
20195,669