Topic
Oxygen
About: Oxygen is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 48149 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1113788 citations. The topic is also known as: O & Oxygen.
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TL;DR: A dramatic increase in the diffusion constant occurs at the phase transition of dimyristoyl and dipalmitoyl lecithin, which may result from an increase in either the oxygen diffusion coefficient, partition coefficient, or both.
Abstract: Quenching of pyrene fluorescence by oxygen was used to determine oxygen diffusion coefficients in phospholipid dispersions and erythrocyte plasma membranes. The fluorescence intensity and lifetime of pyrene in both artificial and natural membranes decreases about 80% in the presence of 1 atm O2, while the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra and the absorption spectrum are unaltered. Assuming the oxygen partition coefficient between membrane and aqueous phase to be 4.4, the diffusion coefficients for oxygen at 37 degrees C are 1.51 X 10(-5) cm2/s in dimyristoyl lecithin vesicles, 9.32 X 10(-6) cm2/s in dipalmitoyl lecithin vesicles, and 7.27 X 10(-6) cm2/s in erythrocyte plasma membranes. The heats of activation for oxygen diffusion are low (less than 3 kcal/degree-mol). A dramatic increase in the diffusion constant occurs at the phase transition of dimyristoyl and dipalmitoyl lecithin, which may result from an increase in either the oxygen diffusion coefficient, partition coefficient, or both. The significance of the change in oxygen diffusion below and above the phase transition for biological membranes is discussed.
205 citations
TL;DR: To reveal the mechanism of water oxidation, structures of PSII in the S1, S2, and S3 states by x-ray free-electron laser serial crystallography reveal details of photosynthetic oxygen evolution.
Abstract: Photosynthetic water oxidation is catalyzed by the Mn4CaO5 cluster of photosystem II (PSII) with linear progression through five S-state intermediates (S0 to S4). To reveal the mechanism of water oxidation, we analyzed structures of PSII in the S1, S2, and S3 states by x-ray free-electron laser serial crystallography. No insertion of water was found in S2, but flipping of D1 Glu189 upon transition to S3 leads to the opening of a water channel and provides a space for incorporation of an additional oxygen ligand, resulting in an open cubane Mn4CaO6 cluster with an oxyl/oxo bridge. Structural changes of PSII between the different S states reveal cooperative action of substrate water access, proton release, and dioxygen formation in photosynthetic water oxidation.
205 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and QUASES TM to study the oxidation of Fe by water (H2O) vapour and found that the oxide formed at 25 and 150 C was thinner than that formed when oxygen (O2) gas was present.
205 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of active oxygen in the acceleration of NOx-assisted soot oxidation has been investigated in flow-reactor equipment by comparing two catalyst configurations, namely, (1) Pt upstream of soot and (2) Pt downstream of CeO2-soot, by means of DRIFT spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry and TAP reactor experiments.
Abstract: The influence of CeO2 in the acceleration of NOx-assisted soot oxidation has been studied in flow-reactor equipment by comparing two catalyst configurations, namely: (1) Pt upstream of soot and (2) Pt upstream of CeO2-soot. The role of CeO2 has been elucidated by means of DRIFT spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry and TAP reactor experiments. It was found that CeO2 has the potential to accelerate the oxidation rate of soot due to its active oxygen storage. The formation of active oxygen is initiated by NO2 in the gas phase. A synergetic effect is observed as a result of surface nitrate decomposition, which results in gas phase NO2 and desorption of active oxygen. Stored oxygen is postulated to exist in the form of surface peroxide or super oxide. Active oxygen is likely to play a role on the acceleration of soot oxidation and to contribute more than desorbed NO2 or NO2 from surface nitrate decomposition.
205 citations
204 citations