Showing papers on "Paddle published in 1980"

Surgical retractor elements and assembly

Abstract: Surgical retractor elements and assemblies are described for holding open a surgical incision to expose the surgical area and to keep uninvolved tissues away from the surgical area without causing undue trauma to the engaged tissues A self-retaining form includes a ring frame and a plurality of paddle assemblies angularly spaced about the ring for engaging and holding back uninvolved tissues The paddle assemblies have arms that slide radially through a slot in the ring frame Each of the retractor assemblies includes a paddle of a soft, resilient flexible material for flexing to prevent stress concentrations The paddle members have a flexural modulus of elasticity between 1,000 psi and 75,000 psi One form of paddle is provided to slidably fit over the existing blade of a hand-held retractor Another form of assembly includes a soft, resilient paddle mounted to a hand-held handle frame The handle includes two angularly offset gripping sections that can be comfortably gripped and held by an assistant for long periods of time

A biomechanical analysis of the Olympic-style flatwater kayak stroke.

Abstract: To investigate the biomechanics of flatwater kayaking, the technique of nine Olympic caliber K-1 paddlers was analyzed using cinematographic and computer procedures. Results indicated that, during paddle-water contact, the horizontal arm action was one of push-then-pull with the push coming from the arm farthest from the water (thrust segments) followed by the pull coming from the arm closest to the water (draw segments). During this action, the center of paddle rotation shifted up the paddle shaft as the stroke progressed, which increased the time the paddle was in the power phase of the stroke. The horizontal movement patterns of the individual segments indicated that the push was accomplished by an integrated movement of the thrust wrist and elbow, with minimal shoulder involvement. Subsequently, the pull was accomplished by an integrated movement of the draw wrist, elbow, shoulder, as well as the thrust shoulder. During the latter stages of water contact, since the performers were unable to generate additional useful power, the paddle was rapidly withdrawn to avoid dragging. Subject stability in the frontal plane was maintained by shifting the body mass toward the water contact side at paddle entry and away from it at exit. This action opposed the vertical forces produced as a by-product of the stroke. The final outcome of this stroke technique was the maintenance of the body center of gravity velocity while the boat oscillated under the performer.

Paddle Generated Waves in Laboratory Channels

Abstract: The wave field generated by single frequency and biharmonic motion of a plane paddle wavemaker is investigated theoretically and in laboratory experiments. Regardless of the detailed paddle geometry, nonlinear effects associated with the paddle boundary conditions introduce free waves which are the order of forced nonlinear corrections (Stokes type) associated with nonlinearities of the surface boundary conditions. For simple harmonic paddle motion at frequency σ, the largest free waves have frequency 2σ. For biharmonic paddle motions of frequencies σ 1 and σ 2 , additional free difference frequency (—σ 1 - σ 2 —) long waves are generated. These can resonate in a closed basin, leading to undesired modulations of breaker location and other shallow water phenomenon.

Paddle switch safety button

Abstract: A paddle switch safety button which prevents the paddle switch from being activated prior to the safety button being depressed. A unique multi cross section stem of the safety button cooperates with a U-shaped cutout in the paddle switch lever. The stem interferes with the lever in its extended position and passes in the U-shaped notch in the depressed position to allow the paddle switch lever to be operated.

Electronic table tennis game apparatus

Abstract: A player response game is provided including game apparatus that directs light beams of relatively short duration from a control housing to opposing player stations and detects light reflected back from the respective player stations. The game apparatus also includes a hand held, light reflecting paddle for the player at each station, these paddles having a light diffusing surface so that light is reflected back to the control housing when the paddle intercepts a light beam irrespective of the exact angle at which the paddle intercepts the beam. The sequencing and control of the game apparatus by electronic control circuitry including a microprocessor simulates a table tennis game wherein a light beam is directed to either the forehand or the backhand side of the opposite station if a player at one station successively intercepts a beam with his paddle during the time the beam is directed to his or her station.

Animal waste collecting and disposing apparatus

Abstract: Apparatus for collecting and disposing of animal waste, wherein sockets are defined at the working ends of a pair of elongated rods, for respectively receiving and releasably retaining the stem portions of either an open frame, to which a disposable waste collecting bag is connected, or a paddle, which facilitates movement of animal waste into the collecting bag. A depressible push button is provided on the handle portion of each rod, and mechanism in each handle portion acts through linkage extending through the rod to shift a detent in the socket out of engagement with a shoulder on the stem portion of either the frame or paddle. Springs in the sockets of the rods serve to forcefully eject the stem portions of the frame and paddle therefrom when the push buttons are depressed so that the associated frame, waste collecting bag and its contents, and the paddle, are conveniently disposed of after use.

Floating power generation assemblies and methods

Abstract: Floating-on-a-body-of-water compressed-air-generating assemblies and methods are disclosed which are utilized to drive electrical generators powered by compressed air. The integrated assembly utilizes windmills, reciprocating float-linkage means, collapsible paddle blades, and at least one member selected from the water-motion-actuated group consisting of slosh boxes, sliding masses, rack-and-pinions, and combinations thereof.

Storing and mixing apparatus

Abstract: A package comprising an integral tray and separable tool or paddle for delivering material components from one depression of the tray to another and for subsequently mixing them prior to their use. It is designed for storing component materials in a multiple component system, such as a thermosetting resin system. Material is accurately transferred from one depression to the other by the associated tool. The interior surfaces of the depressions are complementary to the configuration of the intersecting edges of the tool or paddle.

Packaging machine with pouch transfer and opening mechanism

Abstract: Successive pouches severed from the leading end of a continuously moving strip of pouches are picked up by a series of spaced paddle assemblies and are turned from edgewise positions to broadwise positions. Each paddle assembly ducks into the pouch to pick up and turn the pouch and opens the pouch just prior to turning it to a broadwise position. Thereafter, the paddle assemblies release the pouches to carriers which advance the pouches through filling and closing stations. The carriers are more closely spaced than the paddle assemblies and are advanced at a slower rate than the paddle assemblies.

3-Way mini-tennis game and apparatus

Abstract: A 3-way mini-tennis game and apparatus therefor, wherein game is played by three players or teams on a hard, smooth, and level surface using a small resilient play ball, three or six paddles or rackets, and a special 3-way ball passage defining structure placed in center of playing area on playing surface. The special structure in a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises three circular type hoops fastened together with stiff spring clips to form an upright regular pyramidal tripod, with sides of structure making a 60° angle with playing surface, as measured within structure. Other optional shapes and materials can be used to form sides of structure, or a unitary, self-supporting 3-way ball passage defining pyramidal tripod structure can be used. No barrier nets are required. In general, game apparatus is safe, inexpensive, portable, and easy to set-up. Little or no boundary lines or court markings are needed. Singles or doubles can play game. In general, game play requires that each pass of ball, when hit by paddle or racket, go cleanly through two open areas of sides of 3-way structure. Fault assessments and point score awards are somewhat like those for paddle or table tennis. Game can be played indoors or outdoors.

Comparative performance study of paddle-and wedge-type wave generators

Abstract: The wave generating performance of a paddle- and wedge-type wave generator are carefully measured and compared with predictions from linear theory. Although good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained, the tests highlight the importance of avoiding both wave generator edge leakage and wave reflection effects if optimum performance is required of the generators when installed in a wave testing tank. Alternative methods of overcoming both of these difficulties are suggested.

Propulsive equipment propelled by stepping and alternate horizontal paddling

Abstract: PURPOSE:To elevate an efficiency for a paddle and increase speed for a boat of a float type by installing a means paddling a couple of paddles port and starboard, being alternatively moved in a horizontal and parallel direction by means of an alternative contraction and extention stepping action of both legs. CONSTITUTION:As a right leg is stepped forward a port paddle 8 is moved forward being fallen backward sustaining water resistance while a paddle erecting roller 7 in the middle is pushed by projections of both sides of the paddle, falling down forward pressing a spring 9, erecting again after it has passed projections in both sides. At the same time, a left-paddle is moved jointly, and projections of both sides are erected moving along a paddle erecting roller 7 thereby erecting whole paddles, while the roller 7 comes off from an upper portion of the paddle, thence the paddle moves aft erecting and paddling water. Next, as the left leg is stepped forward the left paddle being fallen moves forward pushing down the paddle erecting roller 7, and the right paddle erects along the paddle erecting roller 7, thereby paddles water. The boat is propelled with the aforementioned action.

Recovery method of oil floating on water surface

Abstract: PURPOSE:To readily recover oil by generating artificial vortexes in the water surface where the oil floats. CONSTITUTION:A rotary paddle 3 is disposed under the water surface 1 where oil 2 floats and this rotary paddle 3 is rotated to generate artificial vortexes 6 in the water surface positioned above the rotary paddle 3, whereby the oil 2 floating in said artificial vortexes 6 is flowed in and stagnated, after which this stagnating oil 2 is recovered.

Floating wave or current energy converter using paddle wheel - is mounted square on to water flow to produce rotary motion, and has small wheel to orient converter into flow

Abstract: The appts. uses a floating converter unit which has a paddle wheel mounted in a frame, and a guide rudder to orient the converter to the water flow. The unit is tethered to the waters edge or to an underwater anchorage. The converter wheel is supported on a frame (1) with a smaller paddle (14) wheel (12) on the lee side of the main wheel (2a) to turn the platform towards the water flow. A tether rope (19) is used to hold the platform in place. The main wheel (2a) has paddles (3) mounted across its width (parallel to its axis) so the paddles are square on to the water flow. The rotation of the main wheel can drive an electric generator or compress a gas for laser usage. Fins (10) mounted perpendicular to the four paddles at ninety degs. to each other help provide directional stability.

Enclosed finishing vat for cheese making

Abstract: An enclosed finishing vat for cheese making. The vat has a generally oval configuration and an agitating unit is mounted for reciprocating movement on a frame above the vat and includes a vertical drive shaft that extends through a slot in the top of the vat. The lower end of the drive shaft carries a rotatable support arm and at each end of the arm both a stirring paddle and an unloading paddle are pivotally mounted. The stirring paddle and unloading paddle extend in opposite directions from the respective end of the arm. In operation, the agitating unit reciprocates along the length of the vat, and the arm is rotated such that the stirring paddles lead in the direction of rotation and stir the curd, while the unloading paddles trail and float on the curd. To unload the curd from the vat, a discharge opening in the bottom of the vat is opened and the direction of rotation of the arm is reversed, whereby the unloading paddles lead in the direction of rotation and scrape along the bottom of the vat and deliver the curd through the discharge opening.

Marine propulsion system with cyclic blade pitch - uses paddle wheel inset in hull and with bevel gear transmission

Abstract: A cyclic pitch control paddle wheel for a ship has the paddles (1) mounted between two rotating flanges (4) rigidly linked by a central axle and driven by bevel gears (14) linked to the engines. The pitch of the paddles varies cyclically for optimum drive. The system gives very good steering and drive control. The blades are mounted in the drive flanges or adjustable pivots to generate the pitch. One or two paddle wheels can be mounted in recessed drive ducts under the hull of the ship.

Measuring the Velocity of Water in a Paddled Flocculator

Abstract: In 1921 Langelier1 pointed out for the first time the significance of agitation by paddles for securing adequate fiocculation in water purification. He claimed that mechanical agitation consumed less power than the other two methods. Langelier is generally credited with introducing machine stirring into jar test experiments. In 1943 Camp and Stein2 developed an equation giving a value to the velocity gradient G. This equation replaced von Smoluchowski's3 local velocity gradient (du/dy) by the mean temporal velocity gradient. The equation developed by Camp and Stein for a paddle flocculator is

Nautical propulsion device

Abstract: A pedal-operated nautical propulsion device for small craft, such as a pneumatic raft. The device comprises a pedal crank system producing circular motion which is transmitted by a frame-supported mechanism to a holder carrying a paddle to cause the paddle to undergo translation in a vertical plane, whereby the paddle is plunged in the water to propel the craft and then raised thereabove. The mechanism which makes it possible for the paddle to extend well forward of the pedal crank system includes a bar coupled to the system to transmit the motion thereof, the end of the bar being hingedly connected to the end of the paddle holder. Further included are first and second interhinged connecting rods, the end of the first rod being hinged to the bar and the end of the second rod being hinged to the paddle holder to define a deformable quadrilateral structure.

Intermediate storage tank for radioactive suspensions - with continuous slow paddle mixer and intermittent fast impeller agitator

Abstract: The intermediate storage of radioactive suspensions in nuclear power stations is effected in tanks in which the contents are stirred to homogenise them before they are emptied. A first paddle mixer near the bottom of each tank is continuously rotated at a slow speed. A second agitator is intermittently switched on to run at a high speed to homogenise the suspension. Arrangement prevents any sedimentation which may be impossible to remove by stirring or air jets and minimises power consumption.

Sport batting plate tool

Abstract: Two similar striking panels (11, 12) of a paddle (10) are separated by, and attached to, connecting means comprising a sheath (21) into which a player's hand may be inserted, between the panels (11, 12), so that the paddle (10) may be grasped by, or secured to, the hand so as to mask the greater part of the palm and back of the hand. The attitude of the striking panels (11, 12), relative to each other, is such that they converge in the direction of extension of the player's fingers (14, 15, 16) when the paddle (10) is in use, the sheath (21) ensuring a close fit of the panels (11, 12) and the hand.

Hydraulic turbine of pelton wheel type - rotates on horizontal axle and has additional gas inlet duct near lowest blade position with outlet near highest blade position

Abstract: The water turbine comprises a main paddle wheel (4) rotating about a horizontal spindle (32) beneath a trapezium shaped trough (10). The paddles are mounted between two side plates. The blades of the paddle are curved with convex faces projecting in the direction of rotation. A gas inlet duct (3) is brought over the top of the turbine and passes downwardly and horizontally to an outlet nozzle emerging just to the side of the low dead centre position. The side plates of the wheel are supported by grooves in the base support member, the grooves having gas flow around them from the inlet duct, with flow emerging from the upper ends of the grooves near flanges above the upper edges of the rotating wheel.

Cattle chute with directional restricting means

Abstract: A chute for guiding cattle along a prescribed path in single file includes a directional restricting mechanism that permits only one way travel of the cattle within the chute. The restricting mechanism includes at least one paddle that is situated in the path of the cattle but that will swing up and outwardly clear of the path upon being engaged by a forwardly moving animal. The pivotal axis of the paddle is such that the paddle will swing gravitationally back to the operative position upon leaving engagement with the animal. A stop mechanism is provided for preventing pivotal movement of the paddle in a direction opposite to the desired direction of cattle movement. Therefore, cattle moving past the paddles will be restricted at that location from moving in the opposite direction.

Dry air ventilation for speed boat - closes air inlet before water can reach it using paddle wheel slowed down by water

Abstract: The fresh air supply for a high speed power boat is gathered by a forward-facing air inlet (8) The air is ducted (7) inside the cabin canopy (6) to the engine compartment at the rear Some of the air flow in the duct (7) is diverted into the cabin by rear-facing nozzles (15) Forward-facing nozzles (16), at the rear, exhaust cabin air back into the duct A rotary valve (10) shuts off the air inlet (8) when water is about to enter The presence of water is detected by a motor (14) driven paddle wheel running in a recess (11), ahead of the air inlet Water slows the paddle down and the motor draws more current The increased current operates a relay which closes the valve (10) The air inlet slopes downward ahead of the valve to allow water to run out