Topic
Paddle
About: Paddle is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5649 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28389 citations.
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Patent•
03 May 2000
TL;DR: An edge gripping wafer handling apparatus for holding and transporting wafers in a clean room environment is implemented by mounting gripping fingers on a paddle arm adapted to be controlled by a robot as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An edge gripping wafer handling apparatus (10) for holding and transporting wafers (14) in a clean room environment is implemented by mounting gripping fingers on a paddle arm (12) adapted to be controlled by a robot. At the free end of the paddle arm, a plurality of fixed fingers (16) are mounted. Each of these fingers includes a notch for gripping the wafer. A moving finger (18) is mounted close to the fixed end of the paddle arm. The moving finger can be smoothly moved to engage the fixed fingers. The movement of the moving finger is caused by a bellows (52) flexing a hinge connected to the finger.
20 citations
Journal Article•
20 citations
Patent•
IBM1
TL;DR: In this article, an electroplating system circulates solution between an anode and a workpiece mounted to a cathode, and a shaped agitation paddle is reciprocated immediately adjacent to the cathode workpiece to improve performance.
Abstract: An electroplating system circulates solution between an anode and a workpiece mounted to a cathode. A shaped agitation paddle is reciprocated immediately adjacent to the cathode workpiece to improve performance of the system. The paddle is an elongated prism having a generally flat side that is parallel to the workpiece. The flat side has a fluid port connected to a pump. The solution may be pumped with either positive pressure to force the solution against the surface of the workpiece, or negative pressure to draw the solution away from the surface of the workpiece. In an alternate embodiment, the cathode workpiece is rotated in the solution above an anode with a stationary, shaped paddle in between them.
20 citations
Patent•
25 Mar 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, a water power apparatus, composed of independent, uniquely combined, and improved design features, is presented, which provides for: (1) side pontoons, the respective bows of which angle water away from the water flowing directly into the paddle wheels; (2) the addition of wheels to the cone shaped legs so as to enable vessel positioning in shallow water areas; (3) vertically dividing each respective side paddle wheel set in half, via a solid disk division extending vertically, at a right angle to, and from, the central axle to the outside extreme
Abstract: A water power apparatus, composed of independent, uniquely combined, and improved design features, which provides for: (1) side pontoons, the respective bows of which angle water away from the water flowing directly into the paddle wheels; (2) the addition of wheels to the cone shaped legs so as to enable vessel positioning in shallow water areas; (3) vertically dividing each respective side paddle wheel set in half, via a solid disk division extending vertically, at a right angle to, and from, the central axle to the outside extreme end of the paddle blades, off-setting the 90 degree spaced paddle blades in each such divided set by 45 degrees, and enclosing the extreme ends of each such set of divided paddle wheels via a similar solid, vertical disk enclosure extending vertically, at a right angle to, and from, the central axle to the outside extreme end of the paddle blades; (4) a gearing system utilizing the outside edge perimeter of a side paddle wheel disk enclosure, adjacent to the center boat, via vertically extended bars and/or pegs engaging roller bearings or sprockets attached to a common axle, with a sprocket or pulley in the center, extending across the forward section of the central boat from one paddle wheel to the other; (5) an angled, retractable, solid forward water deflection screen to slow and/or stop the paddle wheels via slowing and/or stopping the water striking the paddle wheels; (6) cupped flanges around the paddle wheel axle and gearing axle to prevent water from draining into shaft roller bearings; and (7) a cover for the paddle wheels to inhibit adverse effects from wind and/or water spray.
20 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that paddle position plays a dominant role in determining myocardial current distributions and defibrillation-induced damage.
Abstract: The present rationale for clinical defibrillation is empirically based, and the technique is the same for different paddle locations and anatomical configurations. Using a two-dimensional finite element model, we studied the effects of such variations on the distribution of myocardial current during defibrillation, and developed a method to quantitatively assess the potential for a defibrillating shock to cause myocardial damage. We used this method to compare five paddle placements, two paddle sizes and three variations of thoracic anatomy. Anatomical variations did not affect current distributions during electrical defibrillation, whereas paddle position had a marked effect. Paddle positions close to the heart with interposed bony structures between the heart and electrode produced focal regions of much higher than average myocardial current magnitudes. Myocytes in the highest current intensity regions dissipated 49 times the energy dissipated by cells exposed to threshold current magnitudes, potentially causing focal myocardial damage. An alternative paddle position was identified which significantly improved the myocardial current distribution. Maximum energy dissipation was only 4·8 times threshold energy, while defibrillation efficiency was reduced by <7 per cent, minimising the risk of myocardial damage. These results suggest that paddle position plays a dominant role in determining myocardial current distributions and defibrillation-induced damage.
20 citations