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Showing papers on "Page layout published in 2018"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work proposes an embedded SA based meta-heuristic and principal component analysis (PCA) approach using large scale data to solve sustainable robust stochastic cellular facility layout problem (sustainable-RSCFLP) and considers all pillars of sustainability i.e. EEC, Maintenance, Maintenance and Hazards, and Material Handling.

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An explicit optimization model based on the moving morphable bars method based on a discrete material interpolation scheme developed for orientation optimization problem is extended for the first time to the material parameterization of multi-component systems.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The development of a computer aided layout designing tool for minimising the total material flow distance under dynamic demand scenario is described and four TLBO modifications for improving its performance are proposed.
Abstract: Teaching-Learning-Based Optimisation (TLBO) is one of the more recently developed metaheuristics and has been successfully applied to solve various optimisation problems. However, TLBO has not been academically reported for solving the robust machine layout design (MLD) problems with dynamic demand. Considering internal logistics activities, shortening material flow distance within a manufacturing area can lead to efficient productivity and a decrease in related costs. The robust machine layout is concerned with determining the efficient arrangement of machines/facilities located on a manufacturing shop floor under future demand fluctuation. A robust designed layout is essential for a company to maintain a high productivity rate through multiple time-periods of demand uncertainty with minimum effects related to the re-layout time and cost, manufacturing disruption, and the movement of monument machines. The objectives of this paper were to: i) describe the development of a computer aided layout designing tool for minimising the total material flow distance under dynamic demand scenario, ii) investigate the appropriate setting of TLBO parameters, and iii) propose four TLBO modifications for improving its performance. The modified TLBOs were inspired by multiple teachers with two types of classes and two approaches to teacher selection. The numerical experiments were designed and conducted using eleven MLD benchmarking datasets. Statistical analyses on the experimental results showed a superior performance for the proposed modifications.

30 citations


Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, a VAE-based design method for layout design with complex constraints is proposed, where the learning capability of the VAE is utilized to learn the constraints and the generative capability of VAE to generate design candidates that automatically satisfy all the constraints.
Abstract: Layout design with complex constraints is a challenging problem to solve due to the non-uniqueness of the solution and the difficulties in incorporating the constraints into the conventional optimization-based methods. In this paper, we propose a design method based on the recently developed machine learning technique, Variational Autoencoder (VAE). We utilize the learning capability of the VAE to learn the constraints and the generative capability of the VAE to generate design candidates that automatically satisfy all the constraints. As such, no constraints need to be imposed during the design stage. In addition, we show that the VAE network is also capable of learning the underlying physics of the design problem, leading to an efficient design tool that does not need any physical simulation once the network is constructed. We demonstrated the performance of the method on two cases: inverse design of surface diffusion induced morphology change and mask design for optical microlithography.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that proposed integrated methodology with developed mixed integer programming based mathematical model along with ESHGA could generate realistic layouts compared to reported result.
Abstract: It is most important for any manufacturing industry to have an efficient layout for their production environment to participate in global competition. One of the prime objectives of such an organisation is to decide an optimal arrangement of their facilities (machines or departments) in a two-dimensional planar region satisfying desired objectives, which is termed facility layout problem. To overcome the drawbacks of traditional layout design methodology, it is attempted to solve three important layout design problems such as inter-cell layout design, determination of optimum location for input/output stations and flow path layout design of material handling system simultaneously in an integrated manner. The quality of the final layout is evaluated by minimizing the total material handling cost, where the perimeter distance metric is used for the distance measurement. Sequence-pair, an elegant representation technique is used for layout encoding. The translation from sequence-pair to layout is efficiently done by longest common subsequence computation methodology. Due to the non-polynomial hard nature of the problem considered, an elitist strategy based hybrid genetic algorithm that uses simulated annealing as local search mechanism (ESHGA) is developed and tested with test problem instances available in the literature. The results indicate that proposed integrated methodology with developed mixed integer programming based mathematical model along with ESHGA could generate realistic layouts compared to reported result.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the stroke-based geometric shape like text, symbols and icons are stylized in the target binary image based on an input style image, and the composition of the stylized geometric shape and a background image is explored.
Abstract: In this work, we present a new framework for the stylization of text-based binary images. First, our method stylizes the stroke-based geometric shape like text, symbols and icons in the target binary image based on an input style image. Second, the composition of the stylized geometric shape and a background image is explored. To accomplish the task, we propose legibility-preserving structure and texture transfer algorithms, which progressively narrow the visual differences between the binary image and the style image. The stylization is then followed by a context-aware layout design algorithm, where cues for both seamlessness and aesthetics are employed to determine the optimal layout of the shape in the background. Given the layout, the binary image is seamlessly embedded into the background by texture synthesis under a context-aware boundary constraint. According to the contents of binary images, our method can be applied to many fields. We show that the proposed method is capable of addressing the unsupervised text stylization problem and is superior to state-of-the-art style transfer methods in automatic artistic typography creation. Besides, extensive experiments on various tasks, such as visual-textual presentation synthesis, icon/symbol rendering and structure-guided image inpainting, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An optimization tool for the integration of CAD software as well as the optimization algorithms is presented, which is developed to automatically find solutions for a three-dimensional layout of equipment in satellite.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review describes a set of copper (Cu) BEOL layout design rules, as used in technologies featuring lengths ranging from 0.15 μm to 20 nm, and verification of layout rules and sensitivity issues related to them are presented.
Abstract: The continuous scaling needed for better performance and higher density has introduced some new challenges to the back end of line (BEOL) in terms of layout and design. Reductions in metal line width, spacing, and thickness require major changes in both process and design environments. Advanced deep-submicron layout design rules (DRs) should now consider many new proximity effects and reliability concerns due to high electrical fields and currents, planarization-related coverage effects, etc. It is, therefore, necessary to redefine many of the common DRs. For example, space rules now have a complex definition, including both line width and parallel length. In addition, new rules have been introduced to represent the challenges of reliability such as stress-induced voids, time-dependent dielectric breakdowns of intermetal dielectrics, dependency on misalignment, sensitivity to double patterning, etc. This review describes a set of copper (Cu) BEOL layout design rules, as used in technologies featuring lengths ranging from 0.15 μm to 20 nm. The verification of layout rules and sensitivity issues related to them are presented. Reliability-related aspects of some rules, like space, width, and via density, are also discussed with additional design-for-manufacturing layout recommendations.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a review on facility layout design of an Automated Guided Vehicle in Flexible Manufacturing system and discusses various developments in layout design, comparison of tandem layout with other layouts,Various developments in location of pickup and delivery points and flow path design.

15 citations


Patent
19 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a method and device for controlling graphic interfaces via voices is presented, which comprises the following steps of: receiving a voice instruction input by a user and recognizing the voice instruction as a voice text; obtaining a thumbnail of a screenshot of the current interface, and sending the thumbnail and an identifier of the currently used APP to a page layout server to ensure that the page layout servers matches corresponding page layout information according to thumbnail and the identifiers of the APP.
Abstract: The invention provides a method and device for controlling graphic interfaces via voices. The method comprises the following steps of: receiving a voice instruction input by a user and recognizing thevoice instruction as a voice text; obtaining a thumbnail of a screenshot of the current interface, and sending the thumbnail and an identifier of the currently used APP to a page layout server to ensure that the page layout server matches corresponding page layout information according to the thumbnail and the identifier of the APP; when the page layout information responded by the page layout server is received, using the voice text to match a target operation area corresponding to the voice instruction in the page layout information; and executing an operation appointed by the voice text inthe target operation area. The method and device are capable of improving the APP usability and user experience.

13 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
13 Aug 2018
TL;DR: A device sorting method is introduced to generate an unique sequence for circuit components, then an unique matrix representation is applied to encode circuit netlists, and machine learning algorithms are employed to automatically classify/identify analog and digital sub-circuits.
Abstract: For modern system-on-chip (SoC) design, one of the most challenging and time-consuming tasks is the layout design of the mixed-signal integrated circuit (IC), which integrates both analog and digital circuits into a single chip. There is no industrial tool which can automatically identify analog and digital sub-circuits in a mixed-signal design to accelerate the layout design automation. In this paper, we first introduce a device sorting method to generate an unique sequence for circuit components. Then, we apply an unique matrix representation to encode circuit netlists. Finally, we employ machine learning algorithms to automatically classify/identify analog and digital sub-circuits. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Oct 2018
TL;DR: This work presents a novel algorithm to stylize the text without supervision, which provides a flexible and convenient way to invoke fantastic text expressions and establishes an implicit mapping for them by using an abstract imagery of the style image as bridges.
Abstract: In this work, we present a novel algorithm to stylize the text without supervision, which provides a flexible and convenient way to invoke fantastic text expressions. Rather than employing the fixed pair of target text and source style images, our unsupervised framework establishes an implicit mapping for them by using an abstract imagery of the style image as bridges. Based on the mapping, we progressively narrow the visual discrepancy between text and style images by the proposed legibility-preserving structure transfer and texture transfer algorithms, which effectively balance the text legibility and style consistency. Furthermore, we explore a seamless composition of the stylized text and a background image, in which the optimal text layout is determined by a context-aware layout design algorithm utilizing cues for both seamlessness and aesthetics. Given the layout, the text can be seamlessly embedded into the background by texture synthesis under a context-aware boundary constraint. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in automatic artistic typography creation and visual-textual presentation synthesis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A survey of successfully applied fluid topology optimization cases is presented in this article with outlooks of its applicability to green building efficiency and design for determining optimal duct layout is presented.
Abstract: Automated design procedure for duct layout has potential for further improving system efficiency. Currently, duct layout is often based on the discretion of the designer and might miss possible areas for energy improvement or meeting system targets, for example, minimal pressure drop, temperature uniformity, and contaminant removal, just to mention a few. Since the initial duct layout design can be considered as a topology problem, topology optimization methods have great potential to advance green building efficiency and design. Topology optimization has been successfully applied to various physics problems, such as structural, heat conduction, and fluidics, yet its application for the built environment, HVAC&R and its subsystems, remains highly unexplored. In the current article, the applicability of topology optimization for determining optimal duct layout is presented. A survey of successfully applied fluid topology optimization cases is presented in the article with outlooks of its applicability to i...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It has been demonstrated how an aircraft’s geometric shape is formed on the basis of infrastructural and layout constraints and fractal theory is a good mathematical tool for study of rigid bodies’ surface geometry and mechanisms influencing on the obtaining surface structure.
Abstract: In this paper have been considered questions related to automation of the layout for products with high layout density (primarily means of transport). It has been demonstrated how an aircraft’s geometric shape is formed on the basis of infrastructural and layout constraints. Influences of aerodynamic and internal layouts on the aircraft’s geometric shape have been described, taking into account mass-inertia characteristics of units placed in it. The layout’s reverse problem (when a required layout space is initial data for the aircraft’s geometric shape under hard infrastructure restrictions) has been presented. A project task of finding the rational parameters for the aircraft’s geometric shape as the task of multi-criterion discrete optimization has been described in a generalized form. It has been demonstrated that this task can be formulated as a search for the vector of design parameters as a multitude of admissible variants for design-and-engineering solutions. In the paper has been described a physical task formulation for automated layout as a system of restrictions on objects allocation indoor (required orientation, mutual compatibility, serviceability etc.). Mathematical task formulation for automated layout as the optimization problem has been described too. Since the allocation task is a classical geometric problem, it is necessary to develop appropriate geometric models for its solving. It has been shown that this process’s complexity is due to the complexity related to computer representation of information about geometric shape for layout objects of modern transport, especially the aerospace one. In this paper it has been shown that the abundance of models used in modern applied geometry and allowing describe geometric shapes for objects of any complexity, does not provide any solution for automated layout tasks. Possibilities of modern software have been also shown, and the reasons not allowing its direct use in the tasks of automated layout have been proved. The layout task’s mathematical formulation has been described as an optimization problem, specifying its objective function, limitations and efficiency criteria. Has been justified an approach (receptor methods and apparatus of normal equations) allowing, while creating geometric models for the automated layout, go from exhaustive options for allocation of layout objects to intellectual algorithms for automated allocation As has been shown in the paper, fractal theory is a good mathematical tool for study of rigid bodies’ surface geometry and mechanisms influencing on the obtaining surface structure.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objective is to automate the design of residential layouts as an aid for planners dealing with complex situations and achieve the objective of relatively high residential density and accessibility, leading to walkable and coherent communities.
Abstract: The objective is to automate the design of residential layouts as an aid for planners dealing with complex situations. The algorithm COmputational Urban Layout Design, applied to sites with various...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The design, development and testing of particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to solve the loop layout problem of various FMS models and the proposed method is validated with bench mark problems.
Abstract: To design any manufacturing setup we need to focus on design of facility layout and it has a huge impact on the performance of the manufacturing system. so the Optimum arrangement of layout is important in order to achieve high productivity in flexible manufacturing system (FMS). The objective of the loop layout problem is the determination of the ordering of machines around a loop, to minimize the total number of loop traversals for a family of parts. The problem we address is to design the layout of the system so that the number of machines that the part types cross in their manufacturing process is minimized. We formulate the problem mathematically and solve it by a meta-heuristics that obtains consistently better results than an earlier popular method. Since, optimum arrangements of layout is a combinatorial problem so finding the best combination out of millions of combinations is a challenging task and can't be solve using conventional techniques. Therefore, this paper details the design, development and testing of particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to solve the loop layout problem. The proposed method is validated with bench mark problems. Here PSO algorithm is proposed for obtaining the optimal solution of unidirectional loop layout design problem of various FMS models.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: PageSense will automatically detect blank regions, select the most nonintrusive region for ad insertion, associate color-consistent ads with the Web pages, and deliver them to blank regions without breaking the original Web page style.
Abstract: The Internet has emerged as the most effective and a highly popular medium for advertising. Current contextual advertising platforms need publishers to manually change the original structure of their Web pages and predefine the position and style of embedded ads. Although publishers spend significant effort optimizing their Web page layout, a large number of Web pages contain noticeable blank regions. We present an innovative stylewise advertising platform for contextual advertising, called PageSense. The “style” of Web pages refers to the visual appearance of a Web page, such as color and layout. PageSense aims to associate style-consistent ads with Web pages. It provides two advertising options: 1) If publishers predefine ad positions within Web pages, PageSense will analyze the page style and select ads, which are consistent with the Web page layout, and 2) if publishers impose no constraints for ad placement, PageSense will automatically detect blank regions, select the most nonintrusive region for ad insertion, associate color-consistent ads with the Web pages, and deliver them to blank regions without breaking the original Web page style. Our experiments have verified the effectiveness of PageSense as a complement to existing contextual advertising.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new concept of adjacency in which the department pairs are laid adjacent with a wider path is proposed, and a mathematical programming model with the objective of maximizing the sum of the adjACency degrees is proposed.
Abstract: An effective facility layout implies that departments with high flow are laid adjacent. However, in the case of a very narrow boundary length between the neighbouring departments, the adjacency would actually be useless. In traditional layout design methods, a score is generally assigned independent of the department’s boundary length. This may result in a layout design with a restricted material flow. This article proposes a new concept of adjacency in which the department pairs are laid adjacent with a wider path. To apply this concept, a shop with unequal rectangular departments is contemplated and a mathematical programming model with the objective of maximizing the sum of the adjacency degrees is proposed. A computational experiment is conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the layout design. It is demonstrated that the new concept provides a more efficient and a more realistic layout design.

Patent
Zhang Yan1, Zhou Xiang1
26 Jul 2018
TL;DR: Aspects provide multilevel design characterization of a web page via identifying different individual graphic elements (text characters, images or graphical control elements) displayed within a Web page layout, and determining linear groupings thereof (horizontal rows or vertical columns) as a function of differences in their positioning relative to each other as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Aspects provide multilevel design characterization of a web page via identifying different individual graphic element (text characters, images or graphical control elements) displayed within a web page layout, and determining linear groupings thereof (horizontal rows or vertical columns) as a function of differences in their positioning relative to each other. Aspects further identify clusters of the linear groupings and individual graphic elements as a function of clustering indicia (layout pattern indicia, gap level indicia or cluster group indicia), identify repetitive groupings of the clusters as unique list region collections, and determine a tree structure for the unique list region collections that identifies unique list region collections having more dominant element type, size, alignment, style or class name attribute values within the web page layout as root nodes, and others having less dominant element attribute values as child nodes relative to the root nodes.

Patent
11 May 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a page layout and a page logic class are acquired from page resources in a latest version through a page container; and the page layout is rendered, and the web logic class is loaded.
Abstract: The invention discloses a method and a system for page dynamic loading. The method comprises the steps that a page layout and a page logic class are acquired from page resources in a latest version through a page container; and the page layout is rendered, and the page logic class is loaded. Through the method, page dynamic loading can be realized, and operation efficiency is high. The invention furthermore provides a page resource preloading method and a method for acquiring the page resources in the latest version.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
25 Mar 2018
TL;DR: For the first time, an efficient sweep line-based algorithm is developed to comprehensively extract the regularity constraints in a given analog placement, which can not only improve routability but also minimize the layout parasitics-induced circuit performance degradation.
Abstract: In analog/mixed-signal (AMS) integrated circuits (ICs), most of the layout design efforts are still handled manually, which is time-consuming and error-prone. Given the previous high-quality manual layouts containing valuable design expertise of experienced designers, exploring layout design constraints from the existing layouts is desirable. In this paper, we extract and explore analog placement constraints from previous quality-approved layouts, including regularity and symmetry (symmetry-island) constraints. For the first time, an efficient sweep line-based algorithm is developed to comprehensively extract the regularity constraints in a given analog placement, which can not only improve routability but also minimize the layout parasitics-induced circuit performance degradation. Furthermore, we propose a novel layout technology migration and performance retargeting framework, where we apply the constraint extraction algorithms to improve the placement quality while preserving previous design expertise. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques can preserve the symmetry and regularity constraints, and also reduce the placement area by 7.6% on average.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work introduces a new approach in obtaining the optimal positions of resources in a robot workstation where considerable contribution to the final layout design comes from the failure recovery data.
Abstract: This article focuses on the robot workstation layout problem and briefly discusses a recovery control strategy. Since present industrial workstations utilize a flexible manufacturing cell served by...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article explores how the political orientation of newspapers is reflected in their page layout by comparing the layouts of five German national quality newspapers exemplarily and exploratively in a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses.
Abstract: This article explores how the political orientation of newspapers is reflected in their page layout. The authors compare the layouts of five German national quality newspapers exemplarily and exploratively in a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses. Dimensions of comparison are typography, size, colouration, quantity and arrangement of elements. Results show systematic differences between the page layouts of left-wing and right-wing newspapers. These differences are reflected in the contrast of traditional and contemporary styles and also in the use of ideologically charged typography and colours. In addition, the size of headlines seems to be dependent on political extremity. Graphic design seems to work as an ideological symbol system with different layout styles quite consistently representing partisan positions. If media users could come to learn and recognize such visual patterns, layout could function as a visual frame for political messages.

Patent
13 Nov 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an automatic visual analysis method of a big data platform, which comprises the steps of extracting two-dimensional relation data table data generated by performing offline analysis and real-time analysis to generate a relational twodimensional table; performing a select query on fields of the twodimensionalrelation table to obtain all table field columns; performing charting according to a relation between the fields; displaying a layout through an automatic customizing interface; and by taking data inthe relational two dimensional table as a mainly presented dimension, performing visual presentation on the analyzed data.
Abstract: The invention provides an automatic visual analysis method of a big data platform. The method comprises the steps of extracting two-dimensional relation data table data generated by performing offlineanalysis on the Hadoop big data platform; performing offline analysis and real-time analysis to generate a relational two-dimensional table; performing a select query on fields of the two-dimensionalrelation table to obtain all table field columns; performing charting according to a relation between the fields; displaying a layout through an automatic customizing interface; and by taking data inthe relational two-dimensional table as a mainly presented dimension, performing visual presentation on the analyzed data. According to the method, the general adaptability of data value display of the big data platform is greatly improved; the data can be intuitively displayed before the eyes of a user through relevant chart views, so that the adaptability of data use is greatly improved, and the difficulty of acquiring core service data of the big data platform is lowered; and according to the requirements of services, the page layout and the chart customization are automatically carried out, so that the convenience of data analysis application and display is improved.

Patent
29 May 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a website page generation method and apparatus, an electronic device and a storage medium are provided. And the method comprises the steps of receiving a page layout instruction; according to the page layout instructions, obtaining templates corresponding to pre-stored page layout template identifiers; generating layout pages of pages; receiving a function module calling instruction; calling function modules correspond to prestored identifier information of the function modules; and according to position information, corresponding to the layout pages, of the to-be-called function modules, displaying page elements generated after call of function modules in
Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a website page generation method and apparatus, an electronic device and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of receiving a page layout instruction; according to the page layout instruction, obtaining templates corresponding to pre-stored page layout template identifiers; generating layout pages of pages; receiving a function module calling instruction; calling function modules corresponding to pre-stored identifier information of the function modules; and according to position information, corresponding to the layout pages, of the to-be-calledfunction modules, displaying page elements generated after call of the function modules in the positions, corresponding to the layout pages, of the to-be-called function modules in the layout pages,thereby forming a website page. By applying the scheme provided by the method and the apparatus, the coupling degree between the pages can be reduced and the website maintenance difficulty can be lowered.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: A novel method based on FLUTE algorithm is came up to calculate the minimum length of steam pipeline network in an industrial park and determine the layout, and it can be seen that, the calculation time is significantly reduced, and a better layout is obtained.
Abstract: The layout of an industrial park can significantly impact its economic benefit and safety. In terms of economy, a good layout means shorter pipeline length, leading to lower pipeline cost and material transport cost. In practice, the layout of an industrial park is manually determined based on experience according to the relationship of upstream and downstream. In academia, few systematic programming method has been proposed, and most of them only consider one-to-one connection pattern, pipeline networks with multi-branch are ignored. For systematic programming method, it has always been difficult to calculate the minimum length of pipeline network with multi-branch in an industrial park. FLUTE (Fast Lookup Table Based Wirelength Estimation Technique) algorithm is an accurate and fast method to solve rectilinear Steiner minimum tree problem based on a lookup table. In this paper, a novel method based on FLUTE algorithm is came up to calculate the minimum length of steam pipeline network in an industrial park and determine the layout. The total pipeline cost, which includes steam pipeline cost and material pipeline cost, is set as an objective function. Genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the layout of several plants in an industrial park. In the case study, it can be seen that, the calculation time is significantly reduced, and a better layout is obtained.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, modified systematic layout planning (SLP) has been used to design an efficient warehouse layout for offshore and onshore service companies, where the equipment has been classified into four divisions, Diving, ROV, Cleaning and Painting.
Abstract: PT. PMS, a company which has specialization in offshore and onshore services has many equipments to support their service operation. The equipment has been classified into four divisions, Diving, ROV, Cleaning and Painting. The problems observed in PT. PMS warehouse were their disorganized warehouse system which has no fixed layout design. For the purpose of improvement, a new warehouse layout design was proposed in this study to solve the problem. The method of modified Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) has been used to design an efficient warehouse layout. Step by step layout procedure has been done. It consists of Activity Relationship Chart and Activity Relationship Diagram that have been discussed. It is proved from this study that SLP method provides an effective method in layout designing, even in the service company that has many equipments to be stored in an efficient manner.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An automated method for cost optimization of geometric layout design of multi-span reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to dynamic loading by using the charged system search (CSS) algorithm is presented.
Abstract: Purpose The preliminary layout design of structures impacts upon the entire design process and, consequently, the total cost. The purpose of this paper is to select the most economical layouts that satisfy structural and architectural requirements, while considering the reciprocal effects of cost factors and layout variables at the preliminary stages of design. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an automated method for cost optimization of geometric layout design of multi-span reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to dynamic loading by using the charged system search (CSS) algorithm. First, a novel cost optimization approach for geometric layout problems is introduced, in which both cost parameters and dynamic responses are considered in the preliminary layout design of beams. The proposed structural optimization problem with constraints on the static and dynamic equilibrium, architectural dimensions and structural action effects is solved using the CSS algorithm. Findings The proposed CSS algorithm for solving the cost optimization problem can be easily used for optimizing the span lengths and is also capable of working with various cost functions. The presented examples show that the proposed algorithm using the new cost optimization function provides satisfactory results and can result in over 7 per cent cost saving. Originality/value This is an original paper proposing a novel methodology for preliminary layout design of concrete beams.

Patent
13 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a visual editing and generating system and device for a web front-end page is presented. And the system comprises a front end page layout interface and an operation behavior monitoring controller, which executes the following steps that: carrying out the monitoring of a dragging operation on a button element arranged in a control area; when a monitoring result shows that the button element is subjected to the dragging operation, establishing a temporary layer corresponding to the dragged button element; and when a mouse releasing behavior operation is monitored, according to a current mouse position, executing corresponding processing.
Abstract: The invention discloses a visual editing and generating system and device for a web front-end page. The system comprises a front-end page layout interface and an operation behavior monitoring controller. A processor contained in the device executes the following steps that: carrying out the monitoring of a dragging operation behavior on a button element arranged in a control area; when a monitoring result shows that the button element is subjected to the dragging operation, establishing a temporary layer corresponding to the dragged button element; and when a mouse releasing behavior operationis monitored, according to a current mouse position, executing corresponding processing. The system and the device have low technology professional knowledge and experience requirements of a page developing and making person, operation applicability is high, the page can be conveniently and quickly edited and made, flexibility is high, and therefore, the system and the device are favorable to bepromoted to the public and be popularized and applied. The visual editing and generating system and device for the web front-end page can be widely applied to the field of front-end page making.

Book ChapterDOI
21 Jul 2018
TL;DR: The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to establish a comprehensive evaluation model for the aesthetic system based on gray theory, which overcomes the arbitrariness and subjectivity of evaluation by the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, and realizes a scientific, reasonable and comprehensive evaluation of interface layout aesthetics.
Abstract: Based on the analysis of the aesthetic properties of the interface elements layout, the aesthetic factors in the layout are comprehensively considered. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to establish a comprehensive evaluation model for the aesthetic system based on gray theory. This model overcomes the arbitrariness and subjectivity of evaluation by the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, and realizes a scientific, reasonable and comprehensive evaluation of interface layout aesthetics. Finally, comprehensive aesthetic evaluation software of the layout design of the interface elements is designed and compiled, which avoids massive artificial mathematical problems in the evaluation.