Showing papers on "Page layout published in 2019"

A simulation-based approach for plant layout design and production planning

Abstract: Facing the new trend of Industry 4.0, manufacturing factories are required to have a more flexible structure to finish producing customized products within the limited time and at a reasonable cost. Although virtual factory technology is believed to be helpful for plant layout design and production planning, there still lacks a general framework and algorithms of simulation-based approach to design an optimized plant layout and the production process. This paper proposes a framework of simulation-based approach and develops a procedure for the implementation of the proposed framework. The paper also integrates mathematical algorithms and heuristic methods when applying simulation to balance the operation performance and the planning cost. An illustrative case demonstrates that the proposed approach can achieve the goal of better plant layout design and production planning.

The layout design in reconfigurable manufacturing systems: a literature review

Abstract: The layout is an important issue in the design of manufacturing systems. In conventional systems, the layout rarely changes after the initial design. However, as the market demands are changing more frequently, layout configurations must be capable of reconfiguring the arrangement of resources to suit new production requirements, while minimising material handling and relocation costs and maximising savings in material flow and inventory costs. This paper presents a literature review on the layout design of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS), focusing on reconfigurable layouts, which have been attracting increasing attention in recent years. A systematic literature network analysis was applied to identify trends, evolutionary trajectories and key issues that are influencing the development of knowledge in this field of study. The results are analysed and discussed using a bibliometric and a chronological citation network analysis. The major findings of this research includes (1) the layout design of RMS must be integrated in the process of RMS design, which, in turn, should be considered as a cyclic process, instead of divided into phases. (2) The core characteristics of reconfigurability and the layout design cannot be dissociated. (3) Operational performance measures are rarely considered in the reconfigurable layout problem, despite their importance. (4) Optimisation approaches have been widely used to solve the reconfigurable layout problem. However, they might not be the most suitable approach to deal with the uncertainty and variability present in manufacturing environments in which reconfigurable layouts are required. Finally, this paper identifies gaps in the literature and suggests directions for future research.

Phishing page detection via learning classifiers from page layout feature

Abstract: The web technology has become the cornerstone of a wide range of platforms, such as mobile services and smart Internet-of-things (IoT) systems. In such platforms, users’ data are aggregated to a cloud-based platform, where web applications are used as a key interface to access and configure user data. Securing the web interface requires solutions to deal with threats from both technical vulnerabilities and social factors. Phishing attacks are one of the most commonly exploited vectors in social engineering attacks. The attackers use web pages visually mimicking legitimate web sites, such as banking and government services, to collect users’ sensitive information. Existing phishing defense mechanisms based on URLs or page contents are often evaded by attackers. Recent research has demonstrated that visual layout similarity can be used as a robust basis to detect phishing attacks. In particular, features extracted from CSS layout files can be used to measure page similarity. However, it needs human expertise in specifying how to measure page similarity based on such features. In this paper, we aim to enable automated page-layout-based phishing detection techniques using machine learning techniques. We propose a learning-based aggregation analysis mechanism to decide page layout similarity, which is used to detect phishing pages. We prototype our solution and evaluate four popular machine learning classifiers on their accuracy and the factors affecting their results.

Editing Spatial Layouts through Tactile Templates for People with Visual Impairments

Abstract: Spatial layout is a key component in graphic design. While people who are blind or visually impaired (BVI) can use screen readers or magnifiers to access digital content, these tools fail to fully communicate the content's graphic design information. Through semi-structured interviews and contextual inquiries, we identify the lack of this information and feedback as major challenges in understanding and editing layouts. Guided by these insights and a co-design process with a blind hobbyist web developer, we developed an interactive, multimodal authoring tool that lets blind people understand spatial relationships between elements and modify layout templates. Our tool automatically generates tactile print-outs of a web page's layout, which users overlay on top of a tablet that runs our self-voicing digital design tool. We conclude with design considerations grounded in user feedback for improving the accessibility of spatially encoded information and developing tools for BVI authors.

Machine layout design problem under product family evolution in reconfigurable manufacturing environment: a two-phase-based AMOSA approach

Abstract: Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) are designed to manufacture a specific product, incorporating the scalability to other products in the same family. This ability is based primarily on the reconfiguration capabilities offered by reconfigurable machines tools (RMTs). This paper addresses one of the most important aspects related to the reactivity of RMSs. More specifically, it considers the relations, which link the conceived system with two important environments: its logical environment, i.e., the product family (products that share similarities) in which the RMS can evolve, and its physical environment, i.e., the physical workshop that implements this RMS. We study the machine layout problem by considering the product family evolution where two sub-problems are addressed. The first sub-problem concerns the evolution of the product, in the same family, towards new products to meet the evolutions and the requirements of the customers. The second sub-problem deals with the machine layout problem based on the results of the first sub-problem. For this, our two-phase-based approach combines the well-known metaheuristic, archived multi-objective simulated annealing (AMOSA), with an exhaustive search–based heuristic to determine the best machine layout for all the selected machines of the product family. The developed approach is based on the initially generated process plans of products (in the product family) for the RMS design under performance metrics. Moreover, the proposed layout must, at its best, respect both the constraints imposed by the generated process plans and those depicting the available location in the shop floor where machines can be placed. An illustrative numerical example is proposed to demonstrate the applicability of our approach.

Optimal column layout for hybrid workloads

Abstract: Data-intensive analytical applications need to support both efficient reads and writes. However, what is usually a good data layout for an update-heavy workload, is not well-suited for a read-mostly one and vice versa. Modern analytical data systems rely on columnar layouts and employ delta stores to inject new data and updates.We show that for hybrid workloads we can achieve close to one order of magnitude better performance by tailoring the column layout design to the data and query workload. Our approach navigates the possible design space of the physical layout: it organizes each column's data by determining the number of partitions, their corresponding sizes and ranges, and the amount of buffer space and how it is allocated. We frame these design decisions as an optimization problem that, given workload knowledge and performance requirements, provides an optimal physical layout for the workload at hand. To evaluate this work, we build an in-memory storage engine, Casper, and we show that it outperforms state-of-the-art data layouts of analytical systems for hybrid workloads. Casper delivers up to 2.32x higher throughput for update-intensive workloads and up to 2.14x higher throughput for hybrid workloads. We further show how to make data layout decisions robust to workload variation by carefully selecting the input of the optimization.

An Augmented Reality approach to factory layout design embedding operation simulation

Abstract: The subject of this work is layout planning of machinery, especially for Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS), using Augmented Reality tools. The goal is for the user to evaluate suggested layouts by taking into account non-measurable factors, such as operator experience, empirical or non-tacit knowledge and on-site impression. By reference to existing machinery (in the case study: CNC lathe and an industrial robot) the missing elements of a complete FMS cell (conveyor belts, automatic storage and retrieval system, other robots and CNC machines etc.) are super-imposed. The functional connection is enabled between the collaborating real-physical and the virtual machinery of the layout in the most convincing way, i.e., by simulation of the full production process involving movement, manipulation and processing of parts by real and virtual equipment in parallel and serial co-existence. This involves predefined scenarios that can be experienced exploiting alternative equipment in the same application and alternative layouts assessed in analogous applications. Static and dynamic simulation of the manufacturing cell offers the possibility of extensive analysis of the selected layout by walk-through navigation. The application is implemented in ARKit™ API tool and Unity3D™.

Monarch Butterfly Optimization for Facility Layout Design Based on a Single Loop Material Handling Path

Abstract: Facility layout problems (FLPs) are concerned with the non-overlapping arrangement of facilities. The objective of many FLP-based studies is to minimize the total material handling cost between facilities, which are considered as rectangular blocks of given space. However, it is important to integrate a layout design associated with continual material flow when the system uses circulating material handling equipment. The present study proposes approaches to solve the layout design and shortest single loop material handling path. Monarch butterfly optimization (MBO), a recently-announced meta-heuristic algorithm, is applied to determine the layout configuration. A loop construction method is proposed to construct a single loop material handling path for the given layout in every MBO iteration. A slicing tree structure (STS) is used to represent the layout configuration in solution form. A total of 11 instances are tested to evaluate the algorithm’s performance. The proposed approach generates solutions as intended within a reasonable amount of time.

BIM-based framework for temporary facility layout planning in construction site: A hybrid approach

Abstract: This paper aims to propose an innovative building information modelling (BIM)-based framework for multi-objective and dynamic temporary construction site layout design (SLD), which uses a hybrid approach of systematic layout planning (SLP) and mathematical modelling.,The hybrid approach, which follows a step-by-step process for site layout planning, is designed to facilitate both qualitative and quantitative data collection and processing. BIM platform is usedto facilitate the determination of the required quantitative data, while the qualitative data are generated through knowledge-based rules.,The multi-objective layout model represents two important aspects: layout cost and adjacency score. The result shows that the model meets construction managers’ requirements in not only saving cost but also assuring the preferences of temporary facility relationships. This implies that the integration of SLP and mathematical layout modelling is an appropriate approach to deliver practical multi-objective SLD solutions.,The proposed framework is expected to serve as a solution, for practical application, which takes the advantage of technologies in data collection and processing. Besides, this paper demonstrates, by using numerical experimentation and applying Microsoft Excel Solver for site layout optimisation, how to reduce the complexity in mathematical programming for construction managers.,The original contribution of this paper is the attempt of developing a framework in which all data used for the site layout modelling are collected and processed using a systematic approach, instead of being predetermined, as in many previous studies.

Flexible layouts for the mixed-model assembly of heterogeneous vehicles

Abstract: The increasing vehicle heterogeneity is pushing the widespread mixed-model assembly line to its limit. The paced, serial design is incapable of coping with the diversity in workloads and task requirements. As an alternative, the automotive industry has started to introduce flexible layouts for segments of the assembly. In flexible layouts, the stations are no longer arranged serially and no longer linked by a paced transportation system but by automated guided vehicles. This paper investigates the initial configuration of such systems. The flexible layout design problem (FLDP) is the problem of designing a flexible layout for a segment of the assembly of heterogeneous vehicles. It comprises an integrated station formation and station location problem. Moreover, the FLDP anticipates the operational flow allocation of the automated guided vehicles. We formalize the FLDP in a mixed-integer linear program and develop a decomposition-based solution approach that can optimally solve small- to mid-sized instances. In addition, we transform this solution approach to a matheuristic that generates high-quality solutions in acceptable time for large-sized instances. We compare the efficiency of flexible layouts to mixed-model assembly lines and quantify the benefits of flexible layouts which increase with vehicle heterogeneity.

Warehouse Layout Designing of Slab Using Dedicated Storage and Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract: Warehouse is a supporting facility and has the important role in the production system. Goods warehouse arrangement is an activity based on related/rationale reason. There are several policies in random storage, fixed or dedicated storage, and class-based storage. We conducted this study in XYZ Company which the main business is producing steel. In this research, dedicated storage and particle swarm optimization will be used in the layout design of slab raw material warehouse to obtain the best layout to minimize material handling cost. Based on the result of the research, particle swarm optimization method gives the best layout result with the least material handling cost compared to the existing layout and layout using dedicated storage method.

Layout design for efficiency improvement and cost reduction

Abstract: In a reality of global competition, companies have to minimize production costs and increase productivity in order to boost competitiveness. Facility layout design is one of the most important and frequently used efficiency improvement methods for reducing operational costs in a significant manner. Facility layout design deals with optimum location of facilities (workstation, machine, etc.) on the shop floor and optimum material flow between these objects. In this article, the objectives and procedure of layout design along with the calculation method for layout optimization are all introduced. The study is practice-oriented because the described case study shows how the layout of an assembly plant can be modified to form an ideal re-layout. The research is novel and innovative because the facility layout design and 4 lean methods (takt-time design, line balance, cellular design and one-piece flow) are all combined in order to improve efficiency more significantly, reduce costs and improve more key performance indicators. From the case study it can be concluded that the layout redesign and lean methods resulted in significant reduction of the following seven indicators: amount of total workflow, material handling cost, total travel distance of goods, space used for assembly, number of workers, labor cost of workers and the number of Kanban stops.

On the Exploration of Design Tradeoffs in Analog IC Placement with Layout-dependent Effects

Abstract: At advanced integration nodes, the impact of layout-dependent effects (LDEs) turn the performance of MOSFET devices strongly dependent on the layout implementation details, but also, of its surrounding neighborhood. However, in the traditional design flow, the real LDEs-impact is only known after complete extraction and post-layout simulation, causing re-design iterations with no valuable feedback information to fix the problem. This paper proposes an automatic placement methodology for analog integrated circuit (IC) layout design, that minimizes the mobility and threshold-voltage-related variations caused by the two major sources of LDEs above the 40 nm technology nodes, i.e., well-proximity effect and length of oxide diffusion. An absolute representation of the floorplan is adopted, and, a multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm with LDE-impact mitigation operators, is applied. Established LDE formulations used in BSIM models are used to guide placement optimization, shorting the gap between pre and post-layout performance.

An Extension of the Systematic Layout Planning System Using QFD: Its Application to Service Oriented Physical Distribution

Abstract: This work presents an original combination of the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) methodology with Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for layout design of services. This methodology considers two s...

Auto Completion of User Interface Layout Design Using Transformer-Based Tree Decoders.

Abstract: It has been of increasing interest in the field to develop automatic machineries to facilitate the design process. In this paper, we focus on assisting graphical user interface (UI) layout design, a crucial task in app development. Given a partial layout, which a designer has entered, our model learns to complete the layout by predicting the remaining UI elements with a correct position and dimension as well as the hierarchical structures. Such automation will significantly ease the effort of UI designers and developers. While we focus on interface layout prediction, our model can be generally applicable for other layout prediction problems that involve tree structures and 2-dimensional placements. Particularly, we design two versions of Transformer-based tree decoders: Pointer and Recursive Transformer, and experiment with these models on a public dataset. We also propose several metrics for measuring the accuracy of tree prediction and ground these metrics in the domain of user experience. These contribute a new task and methods to deep learning research.

A Layout-Based Rad-Hard DICE Flip-Flop Design

Abstract: The DICE flip-flop has been rendered ineffective in deep-submicron technology nodes (e.g. 65 nm and 28 nm) due to charge sharing when exposed to single event strikes. This paper presents a new single event upset tolerant flip-flop design by applying the hardening technique on DICE at the layout level. This approach is an alternative to existing Layout Design through Error-Aware Transistor Positioning (LEAP); it also re-places transistors in master and slave DICE latches in the zigzag fashion in the layout. Both computer simulations and heavy-ion experimental results demonstrate that our proposed layout design has no single event upset errors under normal strikes until LET = 37 MeV·cm2/mg compared to the traditional DICE structure.

A device for automatically realizing visual reuse of a Web system

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for automatically realizing visual reuse of a Web system, which relates to the field of information technology, in particular to a Web front-end development technology. The device of the invention is composed of a bottom module set and an upper application set. The bottom module set consists of a component module, a page layout module, a style management module, aNodejs service module, a user-defined template analysis module and a system construction module. The upper application set consists of a page prototyping tool, an editable large-screen resource library, a page rapid production tool, a user-defined template development tool and an open source technology page development tool. The device of the invention adopts the mode of combining the server technology and the browser technology, so that the Web front-end code is developed by using a unified development pattern, when the system is developed, the most advanced Web front-end technology can be integrated. After the system is developed, the code that meets the production requirements can be generated by compiling tools, so that the Web development process becomes more pure, and the browser compatibility related problems need not to be considered too much in the development process,and the development efficiency and the development quality can be improved.

Verification of Physical Chip Layouts Using GDSII Design Data

Abstract: Modern semiconductor products adopting worldwide distributed manufacturing face the threat of malicious manipulation. An efficient and correct proof of absence of any modification is targeted to be achieved through the comparison of original layout design data with the physical chip layout recovered by reverse engineering. This paper presents an algorithm for this task. It is validated on design and layout data from sample analysis results on 40 nm layers.

Model-based Multi-Attribute Collaborative Production Cell Layout Optimization

Abstract: Designing the layout of a work cell remains a challenging problem due to the large search space of possible layouts which is often subjected to a variety of optimization objectives. This paper proposes a model-based methodology to aid the layout design of a collaborative work cell. This model takes into account feasibility, reachability, safety and ergonomics as constraints in the layout optimization formulation. Determining reachability and static placement feasibility is accomplished using 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) files as inputs combined with inverse kinematics. Geometric characteristics, like bounding boxes, and assembly requirements are determined from the 3D CAD files and used in the layout optimization. Inverse kinematics is used to calculate the reach of the robots and to reliably estimate ergonomic workload of an operator in the work cell. The optimized layout of the work cell is visualized for every start and end point of an assembly task, which allows to provide task instructions to operators and could potentially be used to program the robots and cobots. The methodology is validated on a practical use case.

Hierarchical Layout Synthesis and Design Automation for 2.5D Heterogeneous Multi-Chip Power Modules

Abstract: Multi-chip power module (MCPM) layout design automation has been identified as one of the primary research interests in the power electronics community with the advent of wide bandgap circuits. MCPM physical design requires a time-consuming iterative procedure that is so far explored manually based on the experience of the designers. Though the number of components and routing layers is limited in power electronics, careful physical design is required because of thermal and reliability issues. In this paper, the benefits of a hierarchical design methodology are demonstrated over the state-of-the-art approaches. We propose a generic, scalable, and efficient algorithm to automate not only 2D but also 2.5D (multiple substrates in a planar package) and 3D (multiple device layers stacked on the same substrate) heterogeneous MCPM layouts considering hierarchy. A complete optimization approach for a full-bridge 2.5D power module is demonstrated using hardware-validated electrical and thermal models.

Optimization of Factory Layout Design Using Simulation Tool

Abstract: This paper used the simulationtechniques to analyses the problems in current inventory management system and proposed the solution for these problems. Further, an assessment of the factory layout of the company was carried out to identify problems in the existing layout. A Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) tools are used to develop a simulation module for layout optimization. Also, simulation of factory layout is carried out using Technomatrix to validate the proposed solution. The present study critically analyzes the effect of each key process variables on process and factory performance. The proposed analysis will helps the company to optimize the inventory policies and factory layout.

Layout Design for Intelligent Warehouse by Evolution With Fitness Approximation

Abstract: With the rapid growth of the express industry, intelligent warehouses that employ autonomous robots for carrying parcels have been widely used to handle the vast express volume. For such warehouses, the warehouse layout design plays a key role in improving transportation efficiency. However, this work is still done by human experts, which is expensive and leads to suboptimal results. In this paper, we aim to automate the warehouse layout designing process. We propose a two-layer evolutionary algorithm to efficiently explore the warehouse layout space, where an auxiliary objective fitness approximation model is introduced to predict the outcome of the designed warehouse layout and a two-layer population structure is proposed to incorporate the approximation model into the ordinary evolution framework. Empirical experiments show that our method can efficiently design effective warehouse layouts that outperform both heuristic-designed and vanilla evolution-designed warehouse layouts.

Page layout generation method and device, computing equipment and medium

Abstract: The invention discloses a page layout generation method and device, computing equipment and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: dividing cells of a page based on a form label of a hypertext markup language to form a page area; a data item display step: in response to a selection operation of a user, displaying a data item in the page area; and a binding step: in response to a storage operation of a user, binding the identifier of the data item with the page area to generate a page layout. The method solves the problems that in an existing method, a DIV is only used for carryingout division layout in an element positioning mode; according to the method, the problems that the DIV positioning mode is complex in operation, the layout mode is not flexible and diverse enough, and a user oriented to a product cannot control the layout mode and content of a large-screen display page are solved, the user can divide the page into areas suitable for data display according to needs, the divided shape can be designed and adjusted by himself/herself, and the user friendliness of the product is improved.

Webvr Human-Centered Indoor Layout Design Framework Using a Convolutional Neural Network and Deep Q-Learning

Abstract: With the rapid development of Web Virtual Reality (WebVR) technology, increasing focus has been placed on this domain. WebVR indoor scenario design studies have been of important value in both academia and industry. However, many bottlenecks still need to be overcome, such as the weak computing capacity and limited memory space available in web browsers. In particular, there are many deficiencies in virtual scenes, i.e., lack of fidelity, low automation and poor scene interactability. In this paper, we propose a novel WebVR indoor furniture layout design framework to enhance the capabilities of automatic furniture layout and significantly enhance the interactiveness of virtual scenarios. In particular, we present a hand-drawn sketch recognition scheme based on the ResNet convolutional neural network (CNN), which can strongly improve scenario interactiveness by allowing the user to conveniently add new furniture by means of free-hand drawing operations rather than tedious manual drag-and-pull operations. In addition, based on a deep Q-learning network (DQN), the best positions (states) for these pieces of furniture (agents) in virtual scenarios can be automatically determined, making it easy to satisfy popular design principles. Finally, we report experiments conducted to validate the feasibility of our proposed framework, and the results fully demonstrate that this framework is completely feasible.

Impact of space layout on energy performance of office buildings coupling daylight with thermal simulation

Abstract: Space layout design is one of the most important phases in architectural design, and current studies have shown that it can affect building energy performance. However, its influence has not been quantified. This paper aims at investigating the impact of space layouts on building energy performance. We use the floor plan of an office building in the Netherlands as reference, and propose eleven space layouts based on the reference. Calculations are performed with the tools Honeybee and Ladybug in Grasshopper, which are developed based on Daysim and EnergyPlus, to simulate lighting, cooling and heating demand of these layouts. In addition, we couple daylight with thermal simulation, by importing the artificial lighting schedule calculated in Daysim to EnergyPlus. The result shows that the heating demand of the worst layout is 12% higher than the best layout, the cooling demand of the worst layout is 10% higher than the best layout, and the lighting demand of the worst layout is 65% higher than the best layout. The total final energy use of the worst layout is 19% higher than the best layout.

AHP and CBA Application to Layout Design: A Case of Classroom Layout Assessment

Abstract: Arriving at a consensus in design decisions is challenging owing to the presence of diverse and multidisciplinary stakeholders with multiple design objectives. The literature on AEC design decision making have reported Analytic Hierarchy Process and Choosing by Advantages as two commonly used multi-criteria decision-making techniques for evaluation of design alternatives. However, the existing literature has mainly focused on choosing between material or technology and the comparison of the two techniques to assess the suitability for their application to non-spatial aspects of AEC design problem. The current work seeks to investigate the suitability of CBA and AHP to a layout design problem. A decision-making exercise involving a hypothetical case of evaluation of three classroom layouts was conducted. A set of criteria for design evaluation which was derived based on a previous study on stakeholder design values was used in the exercise. Conclusions were drawn based on the operationalization of the two techniques rather than a direct comparison of the results obtained from the two techniques. The findings from the study indicate that CBA aids in defining a robust set of design criteria, sub-criteria and attributes and facilitates a collaborative decision-making process. On the other hand, AHP provides a structured approach for eliciting individual participant judgments. The benefits and limitations with respect to the operationalization of the two techniques are discussed in detail.

Cellular layout design using Tabu search, a case study

Abstract: This paper presents a facility layout design for a cellular manufacturing system (CMS), with the automated guided vehicles (AGVs) as the transportation device, to minimize the total material handling costs. A new concept of assigning the workstations to the non-overlapping closed zones, by which independent AGVs are allocated for internal transfer of materials/parts in each zone, is proposed. To handle this problem, a mathematical programming model is developed. The problem has been shown to be NP-hard. This computational difficulty has led us to consider suboptimal solutions generated by a Tabu search with three algorithmic variants. To evaluate the efficiencies of these algorithms, an ANOVA statistical test is performed and the best algorithm is designated. The solution of the new algorithms is then compared with the solution obtained by the CPLEX software. The result indicates that the designated algorithm can provide an average solution with a small deviation of only 0.01% from the optimal solution. This algorithm is also applied to a real-world case problem. The use of this algorithm for re-designing of the layout for the real-world case problem shows considerable cost saving comparing to its existing layout design.

Application starting method, terminal and computer readable storage medium

Abstract: The invention discloses an application starting method, a terminal and a computer readable storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: when a starting instruction of a target application is detected, loading a starting page layout in a main interface active window Activity of the target application; creating a sub-thread, and analyzing and preloading the main page layout of the target application through the sub-thread; after the layout display of the starting page is completed; switching the starting page layout into a main page layout; the starting of the target application is realized; The invention discloses a method for starting an application. making a starting animation page and a subsequent main page into two interfaces, Increasing terminal memory consumption, The inventionfurther discloses a terminal and a computer readable storage medium, through the implementation of the scheme, the Activity cost is reduced, the starting speed of the target application is increased,and the experience feeling and satisfaction degree of a user are guaranteed.