Showing papers on "Page layout published in 2022"

DocLayNet: A Large Human-Annotated Dataset for Document-Layout Segmentation

Abstract: Accurate document layout analysis is a key requirement for high-quality PDF document conversion. With the recent availability of public, large ground-truth datasets such as PubLayNet and DocBank, deep-learning models have proven to be very effective at layout detection and segmentation. While these datasets are of adequate size to train such models, they severely lack in layout variability since they are sourced from scientific article repositories such as PubMed and arXiv only. Consequently, the accuracy of the layout segmentation drops significantly when these models are applied on more challenging and diverse layouts. In this paper, we presentDocLayNet, a new, publicly available, document-layout annotation dataset in COCO format. It contains 80863 manually annotated pages from diverse data sources to represent a wide variability in layouts. For each PDF page, the layout annotations provide labelled bounding-boxes with a choice of 11 distinct classes. DocLayNet also provides a subset of double- and triple-annotated pages to determine the inter-annotator agreement. In multiple experiments, we provide baseline accuracy scores (in mAP) for a set of popular object detection models. We also demonstrate that these models fall approximately 10% behind the inter-annotator agreement. Furthermore, we provide evidence that DocLayNet is of sufficient size. Lastly, we compare models trained on PubLayNet, DocBank and DocLayNet, showing that layout predictions of the DocLayNet-trained models are more robust and thus the preferred choice for general-purpose document-layout analysis.

TangibleGrid: Tangible Web Layout Design for Blind Users

Abstract: We present TangibleGrid, a novel device that allows blind users to understand and design the layout of a web page with real-time tangible feedback. We conducted semi-structured interviews and a series of co-design sessions with blind users to elicit insights that guided the design of TangibleGrid. Our final prototype contains shape-changing brackets representing the web elements and a baseboard representing the web page canvas. Blind users can design a web page layout through creating and editing web elements by snapping or adjusting tangible brackets on top of the baseboard. The baseboard senses the brackets’ type, size, and location, verbalizes the information, and renders the web page on the client browser. Through a formative user study, we found that blind users could understand a web page layout through TangibleGrid. They were also able to design a new web layout from scratch without the help of sighted people.

Warehouse Optimization: Energy Efficient Layout and Design

Abstract: It has been widely demonstrated by many research works that the distribution of a factory can condition its productivity. Because of this, a factory in Santiago, Chile, asked the authors for advice to evaluate the current situation in the company and what alternatives could be proposed to improve performance by increasing productivity without incurring too high costs. Among the most important requirements requested was a study of the current design of the raw materials warehouse within the plant since this is a main pillar in the design of the plant. For this purpose, the current layout ws analyzed and alternative designs were proposed under two scenarios: use the same area that is currently available or make the design from scratch considering land purchases to build the warehouse. In order to give a precise answer to many possible design decisions, formulations were developed and deduced to calculate the optimal dimensions of the warehouse, and qualitative criteria were incorporated for decision making.

Integrated multi-objective evolutionary optimization of production layout scenarios for parametric structural design of flexible industrial buildings

Abstract: Due to product individualization, customization and rapid technological advances in manufacturing, production systems are faced with frequent reconfiguration and expansion. Industrial buildings that allow changing production scenarios require flexible load-bearing structures and a coherent planning of the production layout and building systems. Yet, current production planning and structural building design are mostly sequential and the data and models lack interoperability. In this paper, a novel parametric evolutionary design method for automated production layout generation and optimization (PLGO) is presented, producing layout scenarios to be respected in structural building design. Results of a state-of-the-art analysis and a case study are combined to develop a novel concept of integrated production cubes and the design space for PLGO as basis for a parametric production layout design method. The integrated production cubes concept is then translated into a parametric PLGO framework, which is tested on a pilot-project of a hygiene production facility to evaluate the framework and validate the defined constraints and objectives. Results suggest that our framework can produce feasible production layout scenarios which respect flexibility and building requirements. In future research the design process will be extended by the development of a multi-objective evolutionary optimization process for industrial buildings to provide flexible building solutions that can accommodate a selection of several prioritized production layouts.

Simulated Annealing untuk Perancangan Tata Letak Industri Furniture dengan Model Single dan Double Row Layout

Abstract: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are promising contributors to national economic growth. One of the significant components in a business is the layout aspect of production facilities. This study aims to produce an optimal layout for an MSME engaged in furniture production, namely UD Bazooka in Yogyakarta. Currently, the layout type used by UD Bazooka is a process layout to produce a large variety of products. The use of simple process layout affects on inefficient material movement, thus causing longer travelled distance and higher material handling cost as relative to the total production cost. Therefore, this research aims to improve the layout of UD Bazooka with minimizing total travelled distance as the objective. The data collection is performed by observing the production line at UD Bazooka which will be translated into relationship data or REL charts, from-to-charts, and space requirements. In this study, the layout of the facility is modelled into single and double-row layout problems. This study developed a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm to solve the two models. Furthermore, Modified Spanning Tree (MST) is used as a benchmark method. To evaluate the best layout , we use total travelled distance and adjacency weight as the objective function. The results showed that the best layout with minimum total travelled distance was the output of the double row layout model solved using the Simulated Annealing. Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan kontributor yang cukup signifikan dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara. Salah satu komponen penting dalam sebuah bisnis adalah aspek tata letak fasilitas produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan tata letak optimal sebuah UMKM yang bergerak dalam bidang produksi furniture yaitu UD Bazooka yang berlokasi di Yogyakarta. Jenis tata letak yang digunakan oleh UD Bazooka saat ini adalah tipe process layout . Penggunaan tata letak fasilitas berupa process layout yang sederhana menyebabkan perpindahan material dan komponen yang tidak efisien, sehingga menyebabkan waktu dan biaya perpindahan yang relatif tinggi dibandingkan dengan total biaya produksi. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini melakukan perancangan ulang tata letak fasilitas dengan tujuan meminimasi total travelled distance. Data diperoleh dengan mengobservasi lini produksi UD Bazooka yang kemudian akan diterjemahkan dalam data relationship atau REL chart, from-to-chart, dan space requirement. Pada penelitian ini, tata letak fasilitas dimodelkan menjadi single dan double row layout problem. Penelitian ini mengembangkan algoritma Simulated Annealing (SA) untuk menyelesaikan kedua model tersebut. Selanjutnya, Modified Spanning Tree (MST) digunakan sebagai metode pembanding. Untuk mengevaluasi tata letak terbaik, digunakan total traveled distance dan adjacency weight sebagai fungsi tujuan. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa layout terbaik dengan total travelled distance paling rendah adalah output model double row layout yang diselesaikan dengan Simulated Annealing.

Influence of architectural space layout and building perimeter on the energy performance of buildings: A systematic literature review

Abstract: Abstract The space layout is very essential in building design development and can significantly influence the energy performance of the built environment. Space layout design, which occurs during the early stages of scheme conception and design development, is one of the most important tasks in architectural design. This systematic literature review focused on the investigation of space layout and perimeter design variables on the energy performance of the buildings and the study of major energy performance indicators, such as lighting, ventilation, heating, and cooling load considering climatic factors. The Scopus database was used for a thorough investigation of the publications using space layout relevant keywords to study building energy performance. About 55 primary articles were assessed based on the impact of different variables concerned with space layout design mainly building perimeter variables on the energy performance of the building. From the review, we can conclude that by enhancing the perimeter design variables and spatial configuration substantial amount of energy can be saved. The orientation of the building, climate occupancy, and building form have a major role in the energy consumption investigation. According to the study, hospitals consumes more energy due to specific functional requirement than other buildings, and studies on the spatial configuration of the hospital is comparatively less where further studies can consider this issue along with the combination of multiple performance indicators. Well-configured space layout design may prevent unreasonable energy consumption and enhance the overall sustainability of the building and contribute to climate change mitigation.

Design and Construction of University Book Layout Based on Text Image Preprocessing Algorithm in Education Metaverse Environment

Abstract: Books have a significant role in the diffusion of cultural information since they not only carry the weight of cultural inheritance but also serve to preserve historical culture. The major goals of contemporary book layout design are to establish harmony and coherence; maintain overall coordination between the internal and external; and have distinctive, inventive, and modern aesthetic impacts in the context of the educational metacosmos. It is important to emphasize the artistic value and beauty of contemporary books using proper creative language design strategies. The discussion of contemporary book layout design therefore helps to increase understanding of contemporary book layout design. This essay briefly addresses book layout design and examines how books are constructed in colleges and universities. Based on the educational metauniverse environment, it outlines a number of issues that should be taken into account when designing the book's layout. Layout analysis and text image preparation methods are used in modelling. The experimental findings indicate that this algorithm can recognise text regions with an accuracy of 94.8% and a recognition rate of 94.5%, respectively. It is concluded that the method suggested in this work has some reference value for the advancement of university book layout design and can be applied effectively in layout analysis and text typesetting.

A new layout optimization method for stiffened panels based on ground stiffener structure (GSS) and thickness penalty

Abstract: The stiffener layout has a crucial impact on the load-bearing performance of stiffened panels. It is difficult for existing methods to directly obtain a stiffener layout design that meets the manufacturing requirements without post-processing. In this paper, a new layout optimization method for stiffened panels is proposed, in which the ground stiffener structure is pre-modeled and the optimal stiffener layout is obtained by optimizing the thickness of each stiffener, where the intermediate thickness is penalized to ensure that a clear stiffener layout is acquired. The enrichment constraint and its KS function are derived to restrict the local excessive concentration of stiffeners in the final optimization results, so as to ensure the manufacturability of the obtained stiffener layout. Moreover, the explicit and clear stiffener layout design scheme can be obtained from the pre-modeled ground stiffener structure, which can be imported directly into the CAD system, so no additional post-processing such as geometric reconstruction is required. Through eight typical examples, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified, which will be a meaningful supplement to existing layout optimization methods of thin-walled stiffened structures.

Optimization of Suzhou Garden Infrastructure Layout Based on Federal Learning

Abstract: Along with the accelerating urbanization process in China, the problem of urban infrastructure layout has become increasingly prominent. The high density of buildings and the extremely unreasonable distribution of infrastructure make the development face great resistance. This paper reveals the problems in the layout of garden infrastructure by studying and analyzing the theoretical foundations of federal learning and distributed learning and provides an in-depth analysis and elaboration of the problem. The paper uses the shape index and landscape index of green infrastructure (green space, arable land, and water bodies), the average width of roads, road network density, and weighted buildings to conduct a comparative study through the differences in ventilation speed and temperature at different layout garden scales. According to the problems existing in the garden layout in the experimental results, corresponding improvement measures are targeted, and the infrastructure layout of the garden is combined with ecology to make the layout within the garden more suitable.

Interactive layout drawing interface with shadow guidance

Abstract: It is difficult to design a visually appealing layout for common users, which takes time even for professional designers. In this paper, we present an interactive layout design system with shadow guidance and layout retrieval to help users obtain satisfactory design results. This study focuses in particular on the design of academic presentation slides. The user may refer to the shadow guidance as a heat map, which is the layout distribution of our gathered dataset, using the suggested shadow guidance. The suggested system is data-driven, allowing users to analyze the design data naturally. The layout may then be edited by the user to finalize the layout design. We validated the suggested interface in our user study by comparing it with common design interfaces. The findings show that the suggested interface may achieve high retrieval accuracy while simultaneously offering a pleasant user experience.

Application of Graphic Language Automatic Arrangement Algorithm in the Design of Visual Communication

Abstract: Under the background of the era of reading pictures, the major of visual communication design shows a new development trend, which not only shows that the tentacles of the professional discipline continue to extend to multiple fields, but also greatly expands the communication channels. This paper mainly studies the application of graphic language automatic arrangement algorithm in visual communication. Based on the study of the characteristics of the Internet, the development of media and the popular trend of dynamic layout design, this paper summarizes the design principles, design methods and forms of dynamic layout. In this paper, based on the current research status of resource allocation algorithms in automatic scheduling, a graphical language automatic scheduling algorithm is proposed. On this basis, an optical grid resource allocation algorithm based on multimode and a service scheduling algorithm based on port resource saving of optical network based on multimode are proposed.

Layout redesign of container shakigng field at pt. xyz

Abstract: The Layout of the Field Layout Stacking containers is an important thing to consider because it can affect the effectiveness of the loading and unloading process in the field by arranging the Layout of the facilities in the stacking field in the Yard Layout including the Rubber Gantry Crane (RTG) and the arrangement of the lane Head Truck. So, it is necessary to research determining the Layout of containers. The design that will be made will affect the distance the head truck travels to transport containers from the dock. In several studies, two types of determined, Layout have been container namely Parallel Layout where the containers are arranged parallel to the pier, and Perpendicular Layout where the containers are arranged Perpendicular to the pier. Container terminal Makassar New Port using Parallel Layout. To increase the productivity of the loading and unloading process, an analysis of the arrangement of the stacking field is carried out. From the results of the research, the farthest travel distance is 1,048 m, with a total travel distance of 729,269 m with a fuel cost of Rp. 1,144,952 in the initial Layout (Parallel Layout), with the Perpendicular Layout, the farthest travel distance is 353.7 m with a total travel distance of 473,533 m, and the use of materials burn 743,446.8 m

An ILP-Assisted Two-Stage Layout Optimization Method for Satellite Payload Placement

Abstract: In the satellite overall design phase, it is a crucial step to perform satellite layout design to guarantee that the aggregation of electronic components can operate normally and stably in an appropriate temperature environment. In order to handle the satellite payload placement problem of the DongFangHong 4 (DFH-4) platform, the heat pipe-constrained component layout optimization (HCLO) problem is proposed with the HCLO model formulated. Through careful investigation, it can be divided into two optimization subproblems that can be solved subsequently. Based on the divide-and-conquer strategy, an integer linear programming- (ILP-) assisted two-stage layout optimization method is proposed. In stage one, component-heat pipe distribution optimization is performed using the ILP technique so that specific heat pipes occupied by each component can be determined and the horizontal movement range of components can be reduced. In stage two, the detailed component layout optimization is investigated to obtain the final positions of components. First, the sequence layout sampling (SeqLS) method is used to generate one nonoverlap initial layout. Next, swap operation between components is incorporated to reduce the centroid deviation. Finally, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) search is conducted based on the generated promising initial layout solutions. Therefore, the SeqLS-based heuristic layout search algorithm is proposed in the second stage. Two layout test cases, including 15 components and 90 components, respectively, are investigated to demonstrate the validity and efficacy of the proposed layout design method. Experimental results show that it is promising to apply such a two-stage approach for satellite payload placement in engineering.

Evolutionary Design of Machining Fixture Layout for Thin-Walled Structure

Abstract: Fixture layout for machining thin-walled structures plays an important role in fixture performance. This work focuses on the optimization design of machining fixture layout including clamp layout and the layout of support heads. A universal optimization methodology that can automatically generate the optimal machining fixture layout is proposed. The optimization of fixture layout is implemented based on the criteria of minimizing maximum deflection of the thin-walled workpiece while remain relatively small torque caused by the clamping tables. An evolutionary algorithm is employed to solve the fixture layout optimization for the optimal solution. The optimal position of the support heads and the layout of clamping tables obtained from this work vary along with the change of cutting force. To validate the proposed optimization methodology, a fixture layout design for a typical thin-walled structure is optimized as an example. The case study demonstrates the application of the proposed approach in the fixture layout design for thin-walled structures, which is beneficial to design an optimal fixture layout.

Common-Centroid Layout for Active and Passive Devices: A Review and the Road Ahead

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of common-centroid (CC) layout styles, used in analog designs to overcome the impact of systematic variations. CC layouts must be carefully engineered to minimize the impact of mismatch. Algorithms for CC layout must be aware of routing parasitics, layout-dependent effects (for active devices), and the performance impact of layout choices. The optimal CC layout further depends on factors such as the choice of the unit device and the relative impact of uncorrelated and systematic variations. The paper also examines scenarios where non-CC layouts may be preferable to CC layouts.

Architectural Interior Design and Space Layout Optimization Method Based on VR and 5G Technology

Abstract: With the continuous optimization of the living environment, people’s requirements for its comfort and cultural taste are also constantly improving, and their understanding and requirements for the appearance and style of the building and the layout of the building space have been further deepened, thus forming a situation of diversification and diversification of the style and form of the architectural appearance and interior design. There are a lot of layout problems in modern engineering and real life, and the indoor space layout is a very important branch. The indoor space layout focuses on the indoor scenes that people rely on for production and life. At the same time, indoor scene models are gradually applied to more and more fields. The urgent need for indoor scene modeling has also led to relevant research on indoor space layout. Because of its wide application prospects and great commercial value, indoor space layout has become an important research topic in the field of computer graphics and computer vision. As the computer-aided design is widely used in the field of intelligent design, indoor space layout has also become an important research field. Focusing on the automatic design and optimization of indoor space layout, this paper proposes an optimization method based on design constraints for the automatic generation of a layout plan based on the given layout boundary or layout space. The room units in the interior space layout are represented by polygons composed of multiple rectangles, and the constraints and rules in the layout design are transformed into constraints on related rectangles. Experimental results show that our scene redirection method is effective. Comparing with the results of uniform scaling further proves the effectiveness of our redirection algorithm.

Interior Space Design and Automatic Layout Method Based on CNN

Abstract: With the rapid rise in the number of people buying houses, the demand for interior space design has also increased accordingly. The diversification of existing room types and the diversity of the public’s perception of fashion make interior designers in short supply. The future of computer science and technology in the field of automatic design of indoor areas will be immeasurable. This paper proposes an automatic layout method for spatial area design based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). CNN methods are a fast and efficient method. By mimicking the designer’s design process, it proposes a two-stage algorithm that defines the room first and the wall later, and the algorithm also provides a large-scale dataset called RPLAN that contains more than 80,000 interior layout plans from real residential buildings. Starting from the prediction living room, the automatic layout of the indoor areas is completed by iteration. A large number of empirical results show that the interior area design effect of this method is comparable to the interior design floor plan of professional designers.

BLT: Bidirectional Layout Transformer for Controllable Layout Generation

Abstract: Creating visual layouts is a critical step in graphic design. Automatic generation of such layouts is essential for scalable and diverse visual designs. To advance conditional layout generation, we introduce BLT, a bidirectional layout transformer. BLT differs from previous work on transformers in adopting non-autoregressive transformers. In training, BLT learns to predict the masked attributes by attending to surrounding attributes in two directions. During inference, BLT first generates a draft layout from the input and then iteratively refines it into a high-quality layout by masking out low-confident attributes. The masks generated in both training and inference are controlled by a new hierarchical sampling policy. We verify the proposed model on six benchmarks of diverse design tasks. Experimental results demonstrate two benefits compared to the state-of-the-art layout transformer models. First, our model empowers layout transformers to fulfill controllable layout generation. Second, it achieves up to 10x speedup in generating a layout at inference time than the layout transformer baseline. Code is released at https://shawnkx.github.io/blt .

Proposed Improvement of Facility Layout in Production Area in Ud. Arshaindo Using the From To Chart (FTC) Method

Abstract: Small and medium industry engaged in fast food. Currently, the layout of the facilities at the production site is experiencing problems related to the distance of material movement. This study aims to redesign the layout of the facility and make suggestions to the trade business to minimize material movement to make it more comfortable and efficient. The method used in the process of redesigning the layout of the facility at UD. ARSHAINDO is to use the FTC (From To Chart) method. From To Chart is a method that can help to solve problems then described in more detail by going through several stages of completion to the maximum point. The results obtained from the From To Chart calculation with a total distance between departments of 36 meters (proposed layout), while the distance applied to UD. ARSHAINDO currently has a distance between departments of 56 meters (initial layout), therefore the proposed layout design has minimized the material transfer distance between departments by 20 meters so that it can produce a maximum layout and the production process is more efficient in terms of the distance between previous departments

Solution approaches for facility layout problems

Abstract: The chief executive officers of real-world factories aim to implement a cost efficient production. The layout of the operating equipment is one of the main influencing factors and this leads to facility layout problems. In this cumulative dissertation we present new exact and heuristic methods for several facility layout problems and we contribute to the field of mathematical optimization via five individual publications. The first publication concerns an mixed-integer linear programming approach for the T-Row Facility Layout Problem based on an extension of the well-known betweenness variables. In the second publication we present new well-performing exact approaches for the Combined Cell Layout Problem by merging two cells of type Single-Row Facility Layout Problem. In the third, fourth and fifth publication we focus on the Double-Row Facility Layout Problem (DRFLP) presenting a combined simulation and optimization approach, combinatorial lower bounds and a study of the relation between the Single-Row Facility Layout Problem and the DRFLP. Combining the results of these five publications, real-world facility layout problems can be solved. Additionally, we support the chief executive officer to choose a layout when a factory is built from the ground up.

Designing an optimal plant layout: a case of the plastic moulding company

Abstract: The generation of viable layout alternatives is a critical step in production planning since the chosen layout affects the efficiency of utilising the firm's key resources such as space, equipment, materials, utility and workers. As such, it can dictate the firm's productivity and the subsequent profitability. In addition, it can influence the safety and security of plants. Considering the important role of a plant layout in production planning, a small-to-medium enterprise (SME) that produces customised plastic moulding products begins to explore the better layout alternatives than the existing one that has become the sources of production bottlenecks, shipping delays, cycle counting errors and space crunches. Such alternatives include an L-shape, a straight line and a U-shape. To determine the optimal layout among three layout alternatives, we propose systematic decision-aid tools comprised of a mathematical model, computer-aided design (CAD), an activity relationship chart and a from-to-chart. We validated the usefulness and practicality of these hybrid tools for the plant layout by applying them to the real world problem encountering the plastic moulding company in the USA. Based on our proven success through the case study, other manufacturing firms can replicate the proposed tools for other layout challenges.

Document Layout Analysis Via Positional Encoding

Abstract: Document layout analysis plays a vital role in computer vision research. Current document layout analysis methods mostly use pixel-based classification for document layout analysis. However, the method based on pixel classification is insufficient for maintaining the continuity of the classification area. In this paper, we propose a document layout analysis method based on positional encoding and bounding box specification. We maintain the continuity of the analysis area by constructing a document layout analysis framework based on the bounding box. In addition, we also integrate a positional encoding module in the framework to maintain the detailed information in the document layout analysis and modeling process. Experimental results prove that our proposed method has achieved state-of-the-art results.

Harmonized Banner Creation from Multimodal Design Assets

Abstract: Designing aesthetically pleasing single-page graphic designs (”banners”) that appeal to the target recipients is non-trivial and requires considerable human effort. Designers often start by collecting assets like background images, inspirational banners, and relevant taglines/textual phrases, and iterate over variants of the designs by testing different combinations of these assets for their current task. To expand creative processes beyond professionals, it is crucial to accelerate this tedious process of creating design variants. To this end, we propose an algorithm that takes as input multiple image and text elements to generate several visually pleasing banner designs harmonized for text colors, font styles, and the placement of these multimodal assets. The generated layout accounts for background image saliency and uses this to select typographic and color variants yielding the harmonized outputs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in generating aesthetic banners with the help of a crowdsourced experiment.