Showing papers on "Parametric oscillator published in 1988"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrated 42% squeezing of 4.2-K thermal noise using a Josephson-parametric amplifier operated at 19.4 GHz with an excess noise of 0.28 K referred to the input port.
Abstract: We have demonstrated 42% squeezing of 4.2-K thermal noise using a Josephson-parametric amplifier operated at 19.4 GHz. The amplifier has been operated at 0.1 K with an excess noise of 0.28 K referred to the input port. This is less than the vacuum fluctuation noise h\ensuremath{
u}/2k=0.47 K at 19.4 GHz. The amplifier thus is less noise than a linear phase-insensitive amplifier such as a maser could in principle be.
171 citations
132 citations
Book•
07 Sep 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, Neistadt's results for two frequency systems were shown to be equivalent to the ergodic adiabatic theorem for integrable systems, and the results were extended to the case of one-dimensional systems.
Abstract: 1 Introduction and Notation.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Notation.- 2 Ergodicity.- 2.1 Anosov's result.- 2.2 Method of proof.- 2.3 Proof of Lemma 1.- 2.4 Proof of Lemma 2.- 3 On Frequency Systems and First Result for Two Frequency Systems.- 3.1 One frequency introduction and first order estimates.- 3.2 Increasing the precision higher order results.- 3.3 Extending the time-scale geometry enters.- 3.4 Resonance a first encounter.- 3.5 Two frequency systems Arnold's result.- 3.6 Preliminary lemmas.- 3.7 Proof of Arnold's theorem.- 4 Two Frequency Systems Neistadt's Results.- 4.1 Outline of the problem and results.- 4.2 Decomposition of the domain and resonant normal forms.- 4.3 Passage through resonance: the pendulum model.- 4.4 Excluded initial conditions, maximal separation, average separation.- 4.5 Optimality of the results.- 4.6 The case of a one-dimensional base.- 5 N Frequency Systems Neistadt's Result Based on Anosov's Method.- 5.1 Introduction and results.- 5.2 Proof of the theorem.- 5.3 Proof for the differentiable case.- 6 N Frequency Systems Neistadt's Results Based on Kasuga's Method.- 6.1 Statement of the theorems.- 6.2 Proof of Theorem 1.- 6.3 Optimality of the results of Theorem 1.- 6.4 Optimality of the results of Theorem 2.- 7 Hamiltonian Systems.- 7.1 General introduction.- 7.2 The KAM theorem.- 7.3 Nekhoroshev's theorem introduction and statement of the theorem.- 7.4 Analytic part of the proof.- 7.5 Geometric part and end of the proof.- 8 Adiabatic Theorems in One Dimension.- 8.1 Adiabatic invariance definition and examples.- 8.2 Adiabatic series.- 8.3 The harmonic oscillator adiabatic invariance and parametric resonance.- 8.4 The harmonic oscillator drift of the action.- 8.5 Drift of the action for general systems.- 8.6 Perpetual stability of nonlinear periodic systems.- 9 The Classical Adiabatic Theorems in Many Dimensions.- 9.1 Invariance of action, invariance of volume.- 9.2 An adiabatic theorem for integrable systems.- 9.3 The behavior of the angle variables.- 9.4 The ergodic adiabatic theorem.- 10 The Quantum Adiabatic Theorem.- 10.1 Statement and proof of the theorem.- 10.2 The analogy between classical and quantum theorems.- 10.3 Adiabatic behavior of the quantum phase.- 10.4 Classical angles and quantum phase.- 10.5 Non-communtativity of adiabatic and semiclassical limits.- Appendix 1 Fourier Series.- Appendix 2 Ergodicity.- Appendix 3 Resonance.- Appendix 4 Diophantine Approximations.- Appendix 5 Normal Forms.- Appendix 6 Generating Functions.- Appendix 7 Lie Series.- Appendix 8 Hamiltonian Normal Forms.- Appendix 9 Steepness.- Bibliographical Notes.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a degenerate parametric oscillator is considered and it is shown that the cavity can display bistable or self-pulsing behavior when the product of the two detuning parameters is positive (negative).
Abstract: We consider a degenerate parametric oscillator and show that, when the cavity is detuned both with respect to the pump and with respect to its subharmonic, the system can display bistable or self-pulsing behaviour. Bistability (self-pulsing) requires that the product of the two detuning parameters is positive (negative). In the self-pulsing regime, the system exhibits period doubling and chaos. We generalize our steady-state analysis to the case in which the cavity has a poor finesse for the pump mode.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the response of a one-degree-of-freedom system with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities to a principal parametric resonance is investigated, and the results are verified by integrating the governing equation with use of a digital computer and an analogue computer.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the frequency doubled output train from an actively mode-locked and Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to produce broadly tunable pulses (0.68 to 2.4µm) with peak idler powers of up to 1.6MW.
69 citations
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the power emission from a flux-flow-type Josephson oscillator with a thin-film coupling method is studied experimentally, where the thickness of one electrode of the oscillator is made thin enough to allow electromagnetic fields generated by the oscillators to be emitted through the thinfilm electrode.
Abstract: Power emission from a flux‐flow‐type Josephson oscillator with a thin‐film coupling method is studied experimentally. The thickness of one electrode of the oscillator is made thin enough to allow electromagnetic fields generated by the oscillator to be emitted through the thin‐film electrode. Radiation power from the oscillator is detected with superconductor‐insulator‐superconductor detectors, which are fabricated on top of the oscillator. Experimental results show that sufficient power can be obtained from the oscillator by using the thin‐film coupling method when the thickness of the electrode is comparable to the London penetration depth. The results obtained are in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions. The thin‐film coupling method will be useful when the oscillator is connected to external circuits, such as an impedance matching circuit.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantum analysis of the intensity fluctuations is given for the non-degenerate parametric oscillator both above and below threshold, and the results of exact nonlinear solutions for the internal cavity modes are discussed.
Abstract: A quantum analysis of the intensity fluctuations is given for the nondegenerate parametric oscillator both above and below threshold. Theoretical analysis and experiments by Heidmann, Horowicz, Reynaud, Giacobino, and Fabre [Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2555 (1987)] have shown that a noise suppression below the vacuum level is possible in the difference of the intensities of the signal and idler modes. The effect of nonequal cavity decay rates and intracavity losses is shown to modify significantly the fluctuation spectra for the difference in the intensity of the signal and idler beams. The results of exact nonlinear solutions for the internal cavity modes are discussed. We demonstrate that a very sensitive absorption detector may be made by operating the oscillator near threshold.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, exact coherent states for a damped harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency were constructed, and the new coherent states result exactly as partial cases of the coherent states of Yuen which are equivalent to the well-known squeezed states.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the approximate fundamental response of a driven mechanical oscillator with a quadratic stiffness characteristic is studied by using the method of harmonic balance, and the accuracy of the periodic solutions based on first approximation theory, and their stability, are compared with exact results obtained from direct time integration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the noise spectra of the in-phase and quadrature-phase components of the signal and idler fields of a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier are calculated.
Abstract: Noise spectra of the in-phase and quadrature-phase components of the signal and idler fields of a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier are calculated. It is shown that, as is suggested by the operator Manley-Rowe relations, the external in-phase (amplitude) fluctuations of the signal and idler fields are correlated in the frequency region lower than the signal and idler cavity bandwidths. If the idler photon flux is continuously measured and the photocurrent fluctuations are fed back to control the pump intensity, the signal output will feature an amplitude noise spectral density reduced to below the standard quantum limit (amplitude squeezing) in the frequency region below the feedback loop and signal and idler cavity bandwidths. An all-optical realization of such a negative-feedback parametric oscillator is presented. It is also shown that a nondegenerate parametric amplifier with idler measurement feedback can add a fixed number of photons to a photon-number state.
TL;DR: In this article, the Struble method of asymptotic expansion is used to determine the conditions of parametric resonance and corresponding system responses of an elevated water tower subjected to a prescribed harmonic vertical motion of its base.
TL;DR: In this paper, the exact solution to Schrodinger's equation for a three-dimensional harmonic oscillator confined by two impenetrable walls is presented, and the energy levels of this system are obtained as a function of wall separation as well as distance of the center of the oscillator to the walls.
Abstract: The exact solution to Schrodinger’s equation for a three‐dimensional harmonic oscillator confined by two impenetrable walls is presented. The energy levels of this system are obtained as a function of wall separation as well as distance of the center of the oscillator to the walls. The force exerted by the walls on the oscillator is also evaluated, showing a classical behavior.
TL;DR: The limit to the variance of the squeezed quadrature due to the quantum nature of the pump goes as N${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$.
Abstract: We perform discrete-mode calculations for a parametric amplifier with a quantum pump and discuss some of the limitations on calculations of this sort in quantum optics. We calculate corrections to the squeezing due to pump quantum fluctuations to order N${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$, for a pump initially in a coherent state with average photon number N\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}. We find that the limit to the variance of the squeezed quadrature due to the quantum nature of the pump goes as N${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$. .AE
Patent•
25 Nov 1988TL;DR: In this paper, a tuned oscillator utilizing a thin film ferromagnetic resonator is disclosed, which consists of an active element for oscillator and a YIG thin film resonator connected to the active element as a part of feed-back circuit for the active elements.
Abstract: A tuned oscillator utilizing a thin film ferromagnetic resonator is disclosed. The oscillator comprises an active element for oscillator and a YIG thin film resonator connected to the active element as a part of feed-back circuit for the active element. The YIG thin film resonator is applied with a bias magnetic field perpendicular to a surfce of a YIG disk which is generated by a permanent magnet for a fixed component and a coil for a variable component for the resonance frequency. The resonance frequency is stabilized by use of a PLL circuit connected to an output of the oscillator and feeding back to the coil. Since the YIG thin film tuned oscillator has a high Q value, high quality communication signal processing can be achieved. The YIG tuned oscillator is used as local oscillator for a transciever.
Patent•
31 May 1988TL;DR: In this paper, a fully integrated, adjustable oscillator circuit for use with a crystal is disclosed in which a crystal oscillator such as a Pierce oscillator, is arranged to utilize a tuning network that includes at least one integrated varactor (voltage-variable-capacitor) as a shunt element for providing at least 1 type of adjustment of the oscillating signal.
Abstract: A fully integrated, adjustable oscillator circuit for use with a crystal is disclosed in which a crystal oscillator, such as a Pierce oscillator, is arranged to utilize a tuning network that includes at least one integrated varactor (voltage-variable-capacitor) as a shunt element for providing at least one type of adjustment of the oscillating signal. More than one type of adjustment can be provided by including a bank of varactors for each of the shunt elements of the tuning network, in which various individual varactors are selected in binary (on-off) fashion to effect digital as well as analog adjustment of the crystal oscillator.
TL;DR: It is shown that nonclassical photon states can be produced by generating correlated photon pairs, measuring the idler mode, and manipulating the signal mode using feedforward and linear attenuators, amplifiers, or phase modulators.
Abstract: It is shown that nonclassical photon states can be produced by generating correlated photon pairs, measuring the idler mode, and manipulating the signal mode using feedforward and linear attenuators, amplifiers, or phase modulators. The minimum achievable Fano factor for such schemes is (2/\ensuremath{\pi}〈n〉${)}^{1/2}$, where 〈n〉 is the mean output photon number. A nondegenerate parametric oscillator followed by linear manipulators can reach this limit. A nondegenerate parametric amplifier followed by linear phase manipulation can produce phase-squeezed states. The minimum achievable phase noise is a factor 1/2G below that of a coherent state, where G is the amplifier gain. The advantages with these schemes are wavelength tunability, potentially very high squeezing bandwidth, and relative simplicity.
Patent•
16 Dec 1988
TL;DR: In this article, a self-induction coil is used to adjust the fundamental frequency of an ultra-high frequency oscillator to double the frequency of a single field effect transistor.
Abstract: An ultrahigh-frequency oscillator. To double the frequency of an oscillator having a single field-effect transistor (10), whose fundamental frequency is adjusted by an impedance of gate (13) and an impedance of source (15), a filter (16+17) is mounted between the drain of transistor (10) and the ground. This filter, formed by a self-induction coil (16) in series with a varactor (17) is adjusted to the fundamental frequency: it assures the rejection, and favors the generation of the second harmonic, at double frequency. Application to ultrahigh-frequency sources.
Patent•
05 Apr 1988
TL;DR: In this article, a variable frequency oscillator was used to drive a primary resonant converter output transformer circuit for exciting gas discharge tubes, and an optional secondary frequency was added to create or eliminate the bubble effect according to the esthetic desires of the user.
Abstract: The present invention uses a variable frequency oscillator to drive a primary resonant converter output transformer circuit for exciting gas discharge tubes. The combination of the impedance of the resonant conversion circuit along with the impedance of the driven gas discharge tube taken in combination with the frequency of the variable oscillator will determine the output voltage of the circuit. By varying the frequency of the oscillator, the optimal output voltage and hence the optimal brightness of the gas discharge tube may be selected. At the optimal output voltage, the frequency of the switching supply may create an undesirable or desirable "bubble effect" in the gas discharge tube. An optional secondary frequency may be combined with the frequency of the variable frequency oscillator to create or eliminate the bubble effect according to the esthetic desires of the user.
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamic response of a parametrically excited non-linear system with two degrees of freedom is studied, which exhibits internal resonance and is excited at a frequency near a primary resonance.
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a resistive rf SQUID as a 9 GHz parametric amplifier and oscillator was investigated, coupled with a low impedance microstrip transformer.
Abstract: We have investigated the performance of a resistive rf SQUID as a 9 GHz parametric amplifier and oscillator. It was coupled to a low impedance microstrip transformer. Stable Josephson oscillations were obtained for βLQ =2eI0ZL/hf <1.1–1.8. Oscillation linewidth (830 kHz) and output power (−74 dBm) were measured. The four‐photon internally pumped amplifier produced large single sideband (ssb) noise temperatures, typically around 50 K, due to the broad flanks of the pump. The best performance was achieved in the three‐ and four‐photon externally pumped modes. Both modes gave signal gains of about 10 dB and negligible noise power contributions. A hot/cold measurement on the four‐photon amplifier yielded Gdsb =13 dB (dsb=double sideband) and Tdsb =3±4 K over a bandwidth of 310 MHz. For larger values of βLQ , subharmonics 1/2 and 1/3, as well as noninteger ‘‘excitations’’ of the Josephson oscillation, were observed. The subharmonic oscillations were not tunable in frequency with unchanged linewidth. Amplificat...
TL;DR: In this paper, a fundamental complex invariant for the simple harmonic oscillator leads to real invariants for the time-dependent oscillator with the possible inclusion of a driving force.
TL;DR: In this article, the exponential time evolution operator for the harmonically driven harmonic oscillator is exactly obtained from the equations of motion for the coordinate and momentum in the Heisenberg representation, and the convergence of the Magnus expansion is discussed.
Abstract: The exponential time‐evolution operator for the harmonically driven harmonic oscillator is exactly obtained from the equations of motion for the coordinate and momentum in the Heisenberg representation. The convergence of the Magnus expansion is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the derivation of some statistical results for the "inverted" harmonic oscillator (one with negative kinetic and potential energies), which are equivalent to ones that exist for the more familiar simple harmonic oscillators.
Abstract: The authors considers the derivation of some statistical results for the 'inverted' harmonic oscillator (one with negative kinetic and potential energies), which are equivalent to ones that exist for the more familiar simple harmonic oscillator. It is an object that is frequently employed in modelling amplifiers in quantum optics, but also arises in statistical and quantum mechanics and is of interest in its own right. The author hopes that this account may help to elucidate its role as a potential amplifier.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the behavior of the routes to chaos in the ac driven Duffing oscillator with a single potential well and the transition boundaries were given in the Fac versus ω parameter space.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the obtainable squeezing can be greatly reduced by these laser fluctuations, and that the cavity/laser bandwidth ratio must be improved to the order of the intracavity photon number.
Abstract: Finite input laser bandwidths alter the output quantum statistics in an intracativity parametric oscillator. We show that in an above-threshold experiment, the obtainable squeezing can be greatly reduced by these laser fluctuations. The effect is not eliminated just by reducing the laser bandwidth to less than the cavity bandwidth. Instead, the cavity/laser bandwidth ratio must be improved to the order of the intracavity photon number. Thus, highly stabilized lasers are essential in above-threshold squeezing experiments.
Patent•
28 Apr 1988TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical control system for a laser consisting of a laser oscillator (1), an electric power supply (3), and a computerized numerical controller (CNC) is described.
Abstract: A numerical control system for a laser comprises a laser oscillator (1), an electric power supply (3) for driving the laser oscillator, and a computerized numerical control system (CNC) (5). The numerical control system includes sequence control means for controlling a sequence of operation of the laser oscillator, output control means for controlling output conditions of the laser oscillator feedback control means for controlling the feedback of an output from the laser oscillator, and display control means for displaying a condition of the laser oscillator. The laser oscillator (1), the power supply (3), and the computerized numerical control system (5) are coupled together, making the numerical control system for the laser small in size and simple in arrangement.
TL;DR: In this article, a surface acoustic wave oscillator is provided, in particular a SAW resonator frequency controlled by an integral loop including a heating means coupled thermally to the resonator and by two electric respectively proportional and semi-integral loops.
Abstract: An oscillator is provided, in particular a surface acoustic wave oscillator, frequency controlled by controlling its temperature, which oscillator comprises a SAW resonator frequency controlled by an integral loop including a heating means coupled thermally to the resonator and by two electric respectively proportional and semi-integral loops.