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Showing papers on "Parametric oscillator published in 2008"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a Josephson parametric amplifier consisting of a superconducting coplanar-waveguide resonator terminated by a dc super-conducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is presented.
Abstract: We have developed a Josephson parametric amplifier comprising a superconducting coplanar-waveguide resonator terminated by a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). An external field (the pump, ∼20 GHz) modulates the flux threading of the dc SQUID and, therefore, the resonant frequency of the cavity field (the signal, ∼10 GHz), which leads to the parametric signal amplification. We operated the amplifier at different band centers and observed amplification (17 dB at maximum) and deamplification depending on the relative phase between the pump and the signal. The noise temperature is estimated to be less than 0.87 K.

410 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of a hinged-hinged pipe conveying pulsatile fluid subjected to combination and principal parametric resonance in the presence of internal resonance is investigated.

132 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A phase reduction method valid for an oscillator subjected to weak white Gaussian noise is presented and numerical evidence demonstrates that the phase equation properly approximates dynamics of the original oscillator.
Abstract: We point out that for an oscillator subjected to noise the conventional phase equation is not a proper approximation even for weak noise We present a phase reduction method valid for an oscillator subjected to weak white Gaussian noise Numerical evidence demonstrates that the phase equation properly approximates dynamics of the original oscillator Moreover, we show that, in general, noise causes a shift of the oscillator frequency and discuss its effects on entrainment

112 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is reported first observation of net-gain from an optical parametric amplifier in a planar waveguide, with a strong nonlinearity and tailored anomalous dispersion yielding efficient Raman-assisted four-wave mixing at telecom wavelengths.
Abstract: We report first observation of net-gain from an optical parametric amplifier in a planar waveguide. This was achieved in a low-loss As2S3 planar waveguide, with a strong nonlinearity (γ ~10/W/m) and tailored anomalous dispersion yielding efficient Raman-assisted four-wave mixing at telecom wavelengths. The experiments were in good agreement with theory, and indicate a peak net-gain greater than +16 dB for the signal and idler (+30 dB neglecting coupling losses) and a broad bandwidth spanning 180 nm.

100 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an infrared (IR) parametric amplifier chain, pumped at 800nm by a terawatt Ti:sapphire laser system, has been reported to achieve a total output energy exceeding 10mJ with 40fs pulse duration.
Abstract: Power scaling of an infrared (IR) parametric amplifier chain, pumped at 800nm by a terawatt Ti:sapphire laser system has been reported. A total output energy exceeding 10mJ with 40fs pulse duration has been achieved in the IR region, which is the highest energy and peak power ever reported for an ultrafast optical parametric amplifier scheme. By applying the developed IR pulses to high-order harmonic generation, we have observed a significant cutoff extension compared to the case of 800nm driving wavelength. This source suits as a driver laser for extending high-order harmonic photon energy into the kiloelectronvolts region.

82 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a transversal nonlinear vibration of an axially moving viscoelastic string supported by a partial visco-elastic guide is analyzed for both non-resonance and principal parametric resonance.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered a quantum beat laser as a source of entangled radiation, which consists of three level atoms inside a doubly resonant cavity such that coherence is introduced by driving the upper two levels with a strong classical field of Rabi frequency.
Abstract: We consider a quantum beat laser [Scully and Zubairy, Phys. Rev. A 35 752 (1987)] as a source of entangled radiation. The system essentially consists of three-level atoms inside a doubly resonant cavity such that coherence is introduced by driving the upper two levels with a strong classical field of Rabi frequency $\ensuremath{\Omega}$. We study the dynamics of this system for different values of Rabi frequencies in the presence of cavity losses. It is shown that entanglement can be generated in this system for different initial states of the field in the two modes.

69 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability to generate ultra-high-frequency sequences of broadly wavelength-tunable, high-intensity laser pulses using a custom-built optical parametric oscillator pumped by the third-harmonic output of a "burst-mode" Nd:YAG laser is demonstrated.
Abstract: We demonstrate the ability to generate ultra-high-frequency sequences of broadly wavelength-tunable, high-intensity laser pulses using a custom-built optical parametric oscillator pumped by the third-harmonic output of a "burst-mode" Nd:YAG laser. Burst sequences consisting of 6-10 pulses separated in time by 6-10 μs are obtained, with average total conversion efficiency from the 355 nm pump to the near-IR signal and idler wavelengths of ~33%. Typical individual pulse output energy for the signal and idler beams is in the range of 4-6 mJ, limited by the available pump energy. Line narrowing is demonstrated by means of injection seeding the idler wave using a low-power external-cavity diode laser at 827 nm. It is shown that seeding reduces the time-averaged linewidth of both the signal and idler outputs to ~300 MHz, which is near the 220 MHz Fourier transform limit. Line narrowing is achieved without recourse to active cavity stabilization.

64 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the frequency response of an electromechanical oscillator was measured while being parametrically pumped by double frequency modulations to the effective spring constant via the piezoelectric effect.
Abstract: The frequency response of an electromechanical oscillator was measured while being parametrically pumped by double frequency modulations to the effective spring constant via the piezoelectric effect. A 13dB gain in the resonance amplitude was observed by increasing the pump power where further increase was limited by parametric excitation of the fundamental mode. Concurrently, the coherent amplification resulted in the quality factor of the resonance also being enhanced by ∼2.5 times. The on-chip degenerate piezoelectric parametric amplification demonstrated here could be implemented in nanoelectromechanical oscillators to bypass the detrimental effects of size minimization.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A high power, efficient, and tunable laser source in the 8-10 microm range, based on a ZnGeP(2) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a hybrid 2.1 microm laser is demonstrated.
Abstract: A high power, efficient, and tunable laser source in the 8–10 µm range, based on a ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a hybrid 2.1 µm laser is demonstrated. The hybrid laser consists of a Q-switched Ho:YAG laser pumped by a 15 W CW thulium fiber laser. With 8.9 W of 2.1 µm pump power we obtained 0.95 W at 8 µm with an M2- value of 2.7 from an OPO with two walk-off compensating crystals.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of de-coupling the idlers is considered and it is shown that this configuration relaxes the standard phase matching condition, and a 16-element ring resonator with varactor diodes is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the axial speed is characterized as a simple harmonic variation about the constant mean speed, and the instability conditions are presented for axially accelerating viscoelastic beams constrained by simple supports with rotational springs in parametric resonance.
Abstract: Stability is investigated for an axially accelerating viscoelastic beam. The material time derivative is used in the viscoelastic constitutive relation, not simply the partial time derivative. The method of multiple scales is applied directly to the governing equation without discretization. When the axial speed is characterized as a simple harmonic variation about the constant mean speed, the instability conditions are presented for axially accelerating viscoelastic beams constrained by simple supports with rotational springs in parametric resonance. The finite difference schemes are developed to solve numerically the equation of axially accelerating viscoelastic beams with fixed supports for the instability regions in the principal parametric resonance. The numerical calculations confirm the analytical results. Numerical examples show the effects of the constraint stiffness, the mean axial speed, and the viscoelasticity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrostatically actuated pedal-micro- resonator design, utilizing internal resonance between an out-of-plane torsional mode and a flexural in-plane vibrating mode is considered.
Abstract: A novel microresonator operating on the principle of nonlinear modal interactions due to au- toparametric 1:2 internal resonance is introduced. Specifically, an electrostatically actuated pedal-micro- resonator design, utilizing internal resonance between an out-of-plane torsional mode and a flexural in-plane vibrating mode is considered. The two modes have their natural frequencies in 1:2 ratio, and the design ensures that the higher frequency flexural mode ex- cites the lower frequency torsional mode in an au- toparametric way. A Lagrangian formulation is used to develop the dynamic model of the system. The dy- namics of the system is modeled by a two degrees of freedom reduced-order model that retains the essen- tial quadratic inertial nonlinearities coupling the two modes. Retention of higher-order model for electro- static forces allows for the study of static equilibrium positions and static pull-in phenomenon as a function of the bias voltages. Then for the case when the higher frequency flexural mode is resonantly actuated by a harmonically varying AC voltage, a comprehensive study of the response of the microresonator is pre- sented and the effects of damping, and mass and struc- tural perturbations from nominal design specifications are considered. Results show that for excitation levels above a threshold, the torsional mode is activated and it oscillates at half the frequency of excitation. This unique feature of the microresonator makes it an ex- cellent candidate for a filter as well as a mixer in RF MEMS devices.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a driven qubit coupled to a low-frequency oscillator was considered and the influence of dissipation on the qubit's behavior was investigated. But the authors focused on the effect of the qubits' dissipation in the presence of a single-atom laser.
Abstract: Superconducting qubits coupled to electric or nanomechanical resonators display effects previously studied in quantum electrodynamics (QED) as well as extensions thereof. Here, we consider a driven qubit coupled to a low-frequency oscillator and study the influence of dissipation. When the qubit is driven to perform Rabi oscillations, with Rabi frequency in resonance with the oscillator, the latter can be driven far from equilibrium. Blue detuned driving leads to a population inversion in the qubit and lasing behavior of the oscillator ('single-atom laser'). For red detuning, the qubit cools the oscillator. This behavior persists at the symmetry point where the qubit–oscillator coupling is quadratic and decoherence effects are minimized. Here, the system realizes a 'single-atom-two-photon laser'.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used linear invariants and dynamical invariants to obtain exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation for the generalized time-dependent forced harmonic oscillator in terms of solutions of a second order ordinary differential equation that describes the amplitude of the classical unforced damped oscillator.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel system, called the oscillator system, consisting of order of p3 functions on the finite field Fp, with p an odd prime, is described and studied and the new functions are proved to satisfy good autocorrelation, cross-correlation, and low peak-to- average power ratio properties.
Abstract: A novel system, called the oscillator system, consisting of order of p3 functions (signals) on the finite field Fp, with p an odd prime, is described and studied. The new functions are proved to satisfy good autocorrelation, cross-correlation, and low peak-to- average power ratio properties. Moreover, the oscillator system is closed under the operation of discrete Fourier transform. Applications of the oscillator system for discrete radar and digital communication theory are explained. Finally, an explicit algorithm to construct the oscillator system is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A singly resonant Fabry-Perot oscillator with a high feedback fraction for the resonant parametric sideband is presented, widely tunable low-threshold chi(3) optical parametric oscillator.
Abstract: We present a widely tunable low-threshold χ(3) optical parametric oscillator. The oscillator cavity is formed by butt coupling dichroic mirrors to either end of a highly nonlinear index-guiding photonic crystal fiber. This yields a singly resonant Fabry-Perot oscillator with a high feedback fraction for the resonant parametric sideband. The tuning range of the output parametric sideband stretches from 23 to 164 THz above the pump frequency. The threshold power of the oscillator is only 15 W.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an asymptotic approach was proposed to investigate nonlinear parametric vibration of axially accelerating viscoelastic strings, and closed-form expressions of the amplitudes and the existence conditions of steady state responses were solved from the modulation equation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an etalon was incorporated within the idler-wave cavity of the parametric oscillator to generate terahertz radiation with a linewidth of 1GHz and with a center frequency continuously tunable over a band >50GHz, settable anywhere within the coarse tuning range of the device.
Abstract: We report a technique for line-narrowing terahertz radiation produced through parametric generation. By incorporating an etalon within the idler-wave cavity of the parametric oscillator, radiation is generated with a linewidth of 1GHz (freerunning linewidth 50–100GHz) and with a center frequency continuously tunable over a band >50GHz, settable anywhere within the coarse tuning range of the device (1–3THz). When implemented within an intracavity cavity geometry, pulses of terahertz radiation of duration ∼10ns and energy ∼30nJ are generated at repetition rates up to 400Hz (implying mean powers of >10μW and peak powers of ∼3W) in a compact device.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an oscillator circuit is proposed that simultaneously excites and tracks two harmonic resonances in a piezoelectric resonant sensor that, in particular, can be a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) sensor.
Abstract: An oscillator circuit is proposed that simultaneously excites and tracks two harmonic resonances in a piezoelectric resonant sensor that, in particular, can be a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) sensor. By probing the resonator at two harmonic modes at the same time, enhanced sensing capabilities can be conveniently achieved because a larger set of parameters can be measured with a single sensor, thereby increasing the information content and accuracy. The oscillator was tested with AT-cut crystals simultaneously operated at the fundamental and third harmonic, both in air and in contact with liquid. The results show an excellent agreement between the oscillator readings and reference measurements taken with an impedance analyzer. The principle and circuit architecture can be extended from QCRs to a larger class of piezoelectric microresonator sensors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the energy eigenvalues for the N-dimensional harmonic oscillator confined in an impenetrable spherical cavity were computed and their dependence on the size of the cavity and the space dimension was analyzed.
Abstract: We compute the energy eigenvalues for the N-dimensional harmonic oscillator confined in an impenetrable spherical cavity. The results show their dependence on the size of the cavity and the space dimension N. The obtained results are compared with those for the free N-dimensional harmonic oscillator, and as a result, the notion of fractional dimensions is pointed out. Finally, we examine the correlation between eigenenergies for confined oscillators in different dimensions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the selectively enhanced drift velocity predicted in this model can explain ICR-like phenomena as resulting from increased interaction probabilities in the vicinity of ion channel gates.
Abstract: Despite experimental evidence supporting ICR-like interactions in biological systems, to date there is no reasonable theoretical explanation for this phenomenon. The parametric resonance approach introduced by Lednev has enjoyed limited success in predicting the response as a function of the ratio of AC magnetic intensity to that of the DC field, explaining the results in terms of magnetically induced changes in the transition probability of calcium binding states. In the present work, we derive an expression for the velocity of a damped ion with arbitrary q/m under the influence of the Lorentz force. Series solutions to the differential equations reveal transient responses as well as resonance-like terms. One fascinating result is that the expressions for ionic drift velocity include a somewhat similar Bessel function dependence as was previously obtained for the transition probability in parametric resonance. However, in the present work, not only is there an explicit effect due to damping, but the previous Bessel dependence now occurs as a subset of a more general solution, including not only the magnetic field AC/DC ratio as an independent variable, but also the ratio of the cyclotronic frequency Omega to the applied AC frequency omega. In effect, this removes the necessity to explain the ICR interaction as stemming from ion-protein binding sites. We hypothesize that the selectively enhanced drift velocity predicted in this model can explain ICR-like phenomena as resulting from increased interaction probabilities in the vicinity of ion channel gates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a generic new form of collective flavor oscillations in dense neutrino gases that amounts to a self-induced parametric resonance, which occurs in a homogeneous and isotropic ensemble when a range of neutrinos modes is prepared in a different flavor than the neighboring modes with lower and higher energies.
Abstract: We identify a generic new form of collective flavor oscillations in dense neutrino gases that amounts to a self-induced parametric resonance. It occurs in a homogeneous and isotropic ensemble when a range of neutrino modes is prepared in a different flavor than the neighboring modes with lower and higher energies. The flavor content of the intermediate spectral part librates relative to the other parts with a frequency corresponding to a typical $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}^{2}/2E$. This libration persists in the limit of an arbitrarily large neutrino density where one would have expected synchronized flavor oscillations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a coplanar waveguide ferromagnetic parametric amplifier fabricated on a Ferromagnetic Permalloy thin film has been reported with a power gain of 4 dB at 1.15 GHz when the pump power is 11.1 dBm at the pump frequency of 2.30 GHz under the bias field of 13 Oe.
Abstract: In this letter, we report a coplanar waveguide ferromagnetic parametric amplifier fabricated on a ferromagnetic Permalloy thin film. It shows a power gain of 4 dB at 1.15 GHz when the pump power is 11.1 dBm at the pump frequency of 2.30 GHz under the bias field of 13 Oe. This prototype ferromagnetic device can be integrated with the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process technology and has potential applications as a spin-wave amplifier, a low noise amplifier, or an active bandpass filter.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Jun 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a 0.27 mW fundamental oscillator module operating at 330 GHz was presented, which is the first fundamental signal generation at submillimeter wave frequencies can be simply and reliably generated.
Abstract: In this paper, a 0.27 mW fundamental oscillator module operating at 330 GHz is presented. The MMIC in the module contains both the oscillator circuit and waveguide probes integrated on the same InP substrate. The oscillator is implemented in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology and uses advanced high fMAX 35 nm InP HEMT transistor in a common gate configuration. The integrated radial E-plane probe has been designed to operate over a frequency range of 300–350 GHz, using WR2.2 for the input and output waveguide. A free-running frequency of 330.5 GHz has been measured by down-converting the signal to an IF frequency observable on a spectrum analyzer. This is the first oscillator module above 300 GHz and demonstrates that fundamental signal generation at submillimeter wave frequencies can be simply and reliably generated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methods of nonlinear dynamics are applied to study the behavior of a microelectromechanical oscillator and it is shown how the analysis predicts the appearance of a devil's staircase-like relationship between frequencies, but also how the output frequency of the oscillator, and hence the devils' staircase, may not be uniquely determined.
Abstract: In this paper, we apply methods of nonlinear dynamics to study the behavior of a microelectromechanical oscillator. We show how the analysis predicts the appearance of a devil's staircase-like relationship between frequencies, but also show how the output frequency of the oscillator, and hence the devil's staircase, may not be uniquely determined. Both of these features - the sequence of steps corresponding to different output frequencies and the fact that the output frequency may not be uniquely defined for a given set of parameters - have a direct bearing on the ease with which a designer can produce an useful oscillator of this form.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction effect of horizontal fast harmonic parametric excitation and time delay on self-excited vibration in van der Pol oscillator was investigated and the main autonomous equation governing the slow dynamic was derived.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A parametric amplifier pumped by the frequency doubled output of a state-of-the-art fiber chirped pulse amplification system (FCPA) delivering mJ pulse energy at 30 kHz repetition rate and 650 fs pulse duration and 2GW of peak power is presented.
Abstract: Degenerated optical parametric amplification (OPA) is a well known technique to achieve broadband amplification necessary to generate ultrashort pulses. Here we present a parametric amplifier pumped by the frequency doubled output of a state-of-the-art fiber chirped pulse amplification system (FCPA) delivering mJ pulse energy at 30 kHz repetition rate and 650 fs pulse duration. The parametric amplifier and the FCPA system are both seeded by the same Yb:KGW oscillator. Additional spectral broadening of the OPA seed provides enough bandwidth for the generation of ultrashort pulses. After amplification in two 1mm BBO crystals a pulse energy of 90µJ is yielded at 30 kHz. Subsequent compression with a sequence of chirped mirrors shortens the pulses to 29 fs while the pulse energy is as high as 81µJ resulting in 2GW of peak power.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a ring-shaped harmonic oscillator for spin 1/2 particles is studied, and corresponding eigenfunctions and eigenenergies are obtained by solving the Dirac equation with equal mixture of vector and scalar potentials.
Abstract: In this paper a new ring-shaped harmonic oscillator for spin 1/2 particles is studied, and the corresponding eigenfunctions and eigenenergies are obtained by solving the Dirac equation with equal mixture of vector and scalar potentials. Several particular cases such as the ring-shaped non-spherical harmonic oscillator, the ring-shaped harmonic oscillator, non-spherical harmonic oscillator, and spherical harmonic oscillator are also discussed.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
28 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report complete rate table characterization including off-axis isolation, drift, hysteresis and noise of the micro gyroscope with an additional amplification stage.
Abstract: The sensitivity loss, commonly presented in micro gyroscopes based on harmonic oscillators [1], is overcome by using parametric resonance as an actuation mechanism. This operation has been analytically studied in IEEE- Sensors'05 [2] and preliminary dynamical characterization and experimental setup has been presented in IDETC/CIE- ASME'07 [3]. The device is fabricated using SOI process and in this paper we report complete rate table characterization including off-axis isolation, drift, hysteresis and noise of the micro gyroscope with an additional amplification stage.