Showing papers on "Parametric oscillator published in 2011"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a microwave cavity optomechanical system was realized by coupling the motion of an aluminum membrane to the resonance frequency of a superconducting circuit, and damping and cooling the membrane motion with radiation pressure forces.
Abstract: Accessing the full quantum nature of a macroscopic mechanical oscillator first requires elimination of its classical, thermal motion. The flourishing field of cavity optomechanics provides a nearly ideal architecture for both preparation and detection of mechanical motion at the quantum level. We realize a microwave cavity optomechanical system by coupling the motion of an aluminum membrane to the resonance frequency of a superconducting circuit [1]. By exciting the microwave circuit below its resonance frequency, we damp and cool the membrane motion with radiation pressure forces, analogous to laser cooling of the motion of trapped ions. The microwave excitation serves not only to cool, but also to monitor the displacement of the membrane. A nearly shot-noise limited, Josephson parametric amplifier is used to detect the mechanical sidebands of this microwave excitation and quantify the thermal motion as it is cooled with radiation pressure forces to its quantum ground state [2].
1,126 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the wrinkling of a rigid membrane attached to a soft substrate is described within a framework similar to that used for the parametric resonance of nonlinear oscillators.
Abstract: The complex wrinkling patterns produced when a sheet or membrane is compressed are often difficult to predict. Observations of unexpected spatial period-doubling bifurcation instability in the wrinkling of a rigid membrane attached to a soft substrate can be described within a framework similar to that used for the parametric resonance of nonlinear oscillators.
321 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate a dispersive magnetometer consisting of a two-junction superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in parallel with an integrated, lumped-element capacitor.
Abstract: There is currently fundamental and technological interest in measuring and manipulating nanoscale magnets, particularly in the quantum coherent regime. To observe the dynamics of such systems one requires a magnetometer with not only exceptional sensitivity but also high gain, wide bandwidth, and low backaction. We demonstrate a dispersive magnetometer consisting of a two-junction superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in parallel with an integrated, lumped-element capacitor. Input flux signals are encoded as a phase modulation of the microwave drive tone applied to the magnetometer, resulting in a single quadrature voltage signal. For strong drive power, the nonlinearity of the resonator results in quantum limited, phase sensitive parametric amplification of this signal, which improves flux sensitivity at the expense of bandwidth. Depending on the drive parameters, the device performance ranges from an effective flux noise of 0.29 $\ensuremath{\mu}{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$Hz${}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ and 20 MHz of signal bandwidth to a noise of 0.14 $\ensuremath{\mu}{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$Hz${}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ and a bandwidth of 0.6 MHz. These results are in excellent agreement with our theoretical model.
313 citations
[...]
TL;DR: In a self-oscillator, the driving force is controlled by the oscillation itself so that it acts in phase with the velocity, causing a negative damping that feeds energy into the vibration: no external rate needs to be adjusted to the resonant frequency.
Abstract: Physicists are very familiar with forced and parametric resonance, but usually not with self-oscillation, a property of certain dynamical systems that gives rise to a great variety of vibrations, both useful and destructive In a self-oscillator, the driving force is controlled by the oscillation itself so that it acts in phase with the velocity, causing a negative damping that feeds energy into the vibration: no external rate needs to be adjusted to the resonant frequency The famous collapse of the Tacoma Narrows bridge in 1940, often attributed by introductory physics texts to forced resonance, was actually a self-oscillation, as was the swaying of the London Millennium Footbridge in 2000 Clocks are self-oscillators, as are bowed and wind musical instruments The heart is a "relaxation oscillator," ie, a non-sinusoidal self-oscillator whose period is determined by sudden, nonlinear switching at thresholds We review the general criterion that determines whether a linear system can self-oscillate We then describe the limiting cycles of the simplest nonlinear self-oscillators, as well as the ability of two or more coupled self-oscillators to become spontaneously synchronized ("entrained") We characterize the operation of motors as self-oscillation and prove a theorem about their limit efficiency, of which Carnot's theorem for heat engines appears as a special case We briefly discuss how self-oscillation applies to servomechanisms, Cepheid variable stars, lasers, and the macroeconomic business cycle, among other applications Our emphasis throughout is on the energetics of self-oscillation, often neglected by the literature on nonlinear dynamical systems
289 citations
28 Aug 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, a microwave cavity optomechanical system was realized by coupling the motion of an aluminum membrane to the resonance frequency of a superconducting circuit, and damping and cooling the membrane motion with radiation pressure forces.
Abstract: Accessing the full quantum nature of a macroscopic mechanical oscillator first requires elimination of its classical, thermal motion. The flourishing field of cavity optomechanics provides a nearly ideal architecture for both preparation and detection of mechanical motion at the quantum level. We realize a microwave cavity optomechanical system by coupling the motion of an aluminum membrane to the resonance frequency of a superconducting circuit [1]. By exciting the microwave circuit below its resonance frequency, we damp and cool the membrane motion with radiation pressure forces, analogous to laser cooling of the motion of trapped ions. The microwave excitation serves not only to cool, but also to monitor the displacement of the membrane. A nearly shot-noise limited, Josephson parametric amplifier is used to detect the mechanical sidebands of this microwave excitation and quantify the thermal motion as it is cooled with radiation pressure forces to its quantum ground state [2].
168 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to generate quadrature-squeezed states of a moving mirror in a Fabry-Perot cavity by exploiting the fact that when the cavity is driven by an external field with a large detuning, the moving mirror behaves as a parametric oscillator.
Abstract: We propose a method to generate quadrature-squeezed states of a moving mirror in a Fabry-Perot cavity. This is achieved by exploiting the fact that when the cavity is driven by an external field with a large detuning, the moving mirror behaves as a parametric oscillator. We show that parametric resonance can be reached approximately by modulating the driving field amplitude at a frequency matching the frequency shift of the mirror. The parametric resonance leads to an efficient generation of squeezing, which is limited by the thermal noise of the environment.
113 citations
TL;DR: Two closed-form relations are shown that express the frequency and amplitude of the generated oscillation as functions of the parameters of the model Matsuoka neural oscillator.
Abstract: Although the Matsuoka neural oscillator, which was originally proposed as a model of central pattern generators, has widely been used for various robots performing rhythmic movements, its characteristics are not clearly explained even now. This article shows two closed-form relations that express the frequency and amplitude of the generated oscillation as functions of the parameters of the model. Although they are derived based on a rough linear approximation, they accord with the result obtained by a simulation considerably. The obtained relations also give us some nontrivial predictions about the properties of the oscillator.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first reactance-less oscillator is introduced, which can be implemented on-chip without the need for any capacitors or inductors, which results in an area-efficient fully integrated solution.
Abstract: The first reactance-less oscillator is introduced. By using a memristor, the oscillator can be fully implemented on-chip without the need for any capacitors or inductors, which results in an area-efficient fully integrated solution. The concept of operation of the proposed oscillator is explained and detailed mathematical analysis is introduced. Closed-form expressions for the oscillation frequency and oscillation conditions are derived. Finally, the derived equations are verified with circuit simulations showing excellent agreement.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a small ellipticity of the driving, perturbing the classical parametric pendulum, were studied and it was shown that the region in the parameter plane of amplitude and frequency of excitation where rotations are possible increases with the ellipticity.
Abstract: Dynamically stable periodic rotations of a driven pendulum provide a unique mechanism for generating a uniform rotation from bounded excitations. This paper studies the effects of a small ellipticity of the driving, perturbing the classical parametric pendulum. The first finding is that the region in the parameter plane of amplitude and frequency of excitation where rotations are possible increases with the ellipticity. Second, the resonance tongues, which are the most characteristic feature of the classical bifurcation scenario of a parametrically driven pendulum, merge into a single region of instability.
53 citations
TL;DR: The first demonstration of a mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator pumped by 1-μm optical vortex pulses is presented and the topological charges of the mid- Infrared vortex pulses are observed by an interferometric technique in combination with second-harmonic frequency conversion.
Abstract: The first demonstration of a mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator pumped by 1-μm optical vortex pulses is presented. A 0.5-mJ 2-μm fractional vortex pulse having half-integer topological charge is generated. Using this system, 0.24-mJ vortex pulses with a topological charge of 1 can be created. The topological charges of the mid-infrared vortex pulses are observed by an interferometric technique in combination with second-harmonic frequency conversion.
51 citations
TL;DR: A compact source is demonstrated that provides pulsed, stable single-frequency output over a wide spectral range (3.8-4.3 μm) with a high peak power (up to 50 W), which are properties well suited for practical gas sensing applications.
Abstract: We report on a nested-cavity, doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (NesCOPO) architecture for widely tunable, mid-IR, single-frequency generation. By use of an achromatic phase-adapted double-pass pumping scheme, this new, low-threshold, semimonolithic architecture only requires two free-standing cavity mirrors and a nonlinear crystal with a mirror coating deposited on its input facet while the other facet is antireflection coated. It is thus as simple and compact as any basic linear optical parametric oscillator cavity, is easily tunable, and displays low sensitivity to mechanical vibrations. Using a high-repetition-rate (4.8 kHz) microlaser as the pump source of the NesCOPO, we demonstrate a compact source that provides pulsed, stable single-frequency output over a wide spectral range (3.8-4.3 μm) with a high peak power (up to 50 W), which are properties well suited for practical gas sensing applications.
Proceedings Article•
15 Jun 2011TL;DR: In this article, a 553 GHz quadruple push oscillator was demonstrated using low leakage transistors in 45-nm CMOS, where the currents of coupling transistors were summed up to implement quadruple pushing.
Abstract: A 553-GHz quadruple-push oscillator is demonstrated using low leakage transistors in 45-nm CMOS. The currents of coupling transistors of a quadrature oscillator were summed up to implement quadruple pushing. Quasi-optical measurements showed that the circuit generates 4th harmonic signal at 553 GHz with the power level of 220 nW, while suppressing unwanted harmonic signals. The circuit consumes 64 mW from a 1.4 V supply.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors return to the description of the damped harmonic oscillator with an assessment of previous works, in particular the Bateman-Caldirola-Kanai model and a new model proposed by one of the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured frequency and dissipation-quadrature noise in superconducting microresonators with sensitivity near the vacuum noise level using a Josephson parametric amplifier.
Abstract: We measure frequency- and dissipation-quadrature noise in superconducting microresonators with sensitivity near the vacuum noise level using a Josephson parametric amplifier. At an excitation power of 100 nW, frequency noise rises orders of magnitude above the vacuum noise, but no excess dissipation-quadrature noise is observed above the vacuum noise level. Our results suggest that using quantum amplifiers in dissipation measurement may greatly improve the sensitivity of microresonator readout, which has important implications for applications such as detectors, qubits, and nanomechanical oscillators.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors construct Green's function for the quantum degenerate parametric oscillator in the coordinate representation in terms of standard solutions of Ince's equation in a framework of a general approach to variable quadratic Hamiltonians.
Abstract: We construct Green's function for the quantum degenerate parametric oscillator in the coordinate representation in terms of standard solutions of Ince's equation in a framework of a general approach to variable quadratic Hamiltonians. Exact time-dependent wavefunctions and their connections with dynamical invariants and SU(1, 1) group are also discussed. An extension to the degenerate parametric oscillator with time-dependent amplitude and phase is also mentioned.
TL;DR: In this article, the parametric vibration and stability of the functionally graded ceramic-metal plate subjected to in-plane excitation is presented. And the variations of resonance solution, stability, and bifurcation characteristics were analyzed.
Abstract: The parametric vibration and stability of the functionally graded ceramic-metal plate subjected to in-plane excitation is presented. Based on the stress-strain relationship and nonlinear geometric equations of nonhomogeneous materials, the nonlinear partial differential equations of this problem were derived by using principle of virtual work. For the simply supported rectangular plate, the displacement function was assumed and the nonlinear Mathieu vibrations equation of parametric excitation was obtained by using Galerkin method. The principal parametric resonance was analyzed. The multiscale method is used to obtain the frequency-response equation of the steady-state movement. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the critical conditions of steady-state solutions were deduced. Numerical examples are provided to investigate the amplitude curves of functionally graded plate and the influences of different frequency and excitation amplitude. The variations of resonance solution, stability, and bifurcation characteristics were analyzed.
TL;DR: Owing to the high stability of the resonator length against acoustical perturbation, fine pump tuning of the idler wave results in an unprecedented mode-hop-free continuous scan over 500 GHz (17 cm⁻¹).
Abstract: A 1064 nm pumped continuous-wave, mid-IR (3–4 μm), signal-wave resonant optical parametric oscillator is frequency stabilized at the kilohertz jitter level to the transmission peak of an external high-finesse Fabry–Perot cavity. Owing to the high stability of the resonator length against acoustical perturbation, fine pump tuning of the idler wave around 3.3 μm results in an unprecedented mode-hop-free continuous scan over 500 GHz (17 cm−1).
Book•
27 Sep 2011TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the use of high-current free electron Lasers as a historical relic of the Star Wars Epoch and the potential of using them in future Star Wars programs.
Abstract: Part I: Hierarchical Electrodynamics: Key Concepts, Ideas, and Investigation Methods High-Current Free Electron Lasers as a Historical Relic of the Star Wars Epoch Star Wars Program from Today's Point of View Key Ideas and Potential Design Elements of the Star Wars Program Femtosecond Laser Systems: Basis, Concepts, and Ideas CFEL Systems: Methods for Formation and Application of Electromagnetic Clusters Other Exotic Methods of Formation of Super-Powerful EMPs Elements of the Theory of Hierarchic Dynamic Systems Hierarchy and Hierarchic Dynamic Systems Fundamental Principles in Natural Hierarchic Systems Postulates of the Theory of Hierarchic Systems Hierarchic Trees and the Concept of the System God Hierarchic Description: Basic Ideas and Approaches Hierarchic Oscillations Oscillations as a Universal Physical Phenomenon Hierarchic Oscillations and Hierarchic Trees Relativistic Electron Beam without the Proper Magnetic Field as a Hierarchic Oscillation System Relativistic Electron Beam with the Proper Magnetic Field as a Hierarchic Oscillation System Hierarchic Waves Waves Electron Beam as a Hierarchic Wave System Elementary Mechanisms of Wave Amplification in FELs Hierarchic Description Decompression and Compression Operators: General Case of Lumped Systems Distributed Hierarchic Systems Decompression Operator in the Case of the Van der Pol Method Decompression and Compression Operators in the Case of the Averaging Methods Decompression Operator in the Case of Systems with Slow and Fast Variables Hierarchic Systems with Fast Rotating Phases General Approach Decompression Operator in the Simplest Case of One Scalar Phase Case of Two Fast Rotating Scalar Phases Case of Many Rotating Scalar Phases Method of Averaged Characteristics One Example of the Application of the Method of Averaged Characteristics Electron Oscillations in FEL-Like Electronic Systems Formulation of the Problem Cyclotron Resonances Parametric Resonances: General Case Case of Two Electromagnetic Waves Bounded (Coupled) Parametric Resonance in the Field of Three Electromagnetic Waves Model with Pumping by the Crossed Magnetic and Electric Undulation Fields Hierarchic Oscillations and Waves: The Foundation of the World? Tree of Life: The Ancient Cosmogonic Concept and Method of Investigation Hierarchy, Oscillations, Modern Physics, and the Tree of Life Evolution of the Universe in Terms of the Tree of Life Doctrine Hierarchic Cycles (Oscillations) in Earth Systems Integrity of the Surrounding World as a Totality of Seven-Level Hierarchic Besoms Instead of a Conclusion Part II: High-Current Free Electron Lasers Free Electron Lasers for the Cluster Systems Parametrical Free Electron Lasers: Most General Information Two-Stream Superheterodyne Free Electron Lasers: History and Typical Design Schemes Cluster Klystron SFEL: The Main Design Schemes and Operation Principles Linear High-Current Induction Accelerators Undulation High-Current Induction Accelerators General Description of the FEL Models General FEL Model Formulation of the General FEL Problem Method of Simulating the FEL Pumping Fields Parametrical (Ordinary) Free Electron Lasers: Weak-Signal Theory Self-Consistent Truncated Equations: Simplest Example Kinematical Analysis Amplitude Analysis More General Dopplertron Model: Explosive Instability Arbitrarily Polarized Dopplertron Model: Truncated Equations Arbitrarily Polarized Kinetic Model: Approximation of Given Pumping Field in the Case of Raman Mode Arbitrarily Polarized Kinetic Model: An Approximation of a Given Pumping Field in the Case of the Compton Mode Arbitrarily Polarized Dopplertron Model: Explosive Instability in the Raman Model Explosive Instability in the Linearly Polarized Compton Model Effect of Generation of the Transverse H-Ubitron Field Ordinary (Parametrical) Free Electron Lasers: Cubic-Nonlinear Theory Truncated Equations: Dopplertron Model Truncated Equations: The H-Ubitron Model Effect of Nonlinear Generation of the Longitudinal Electric Field Isochronous Model of a Dopplertron Amplifier Generation of the Additional H-Ubitron Magnetic Field Two-Stream Superheterodyne Free Electron Lasers Two-Stream Instability Ordinary Two-Stream Superheterodyne Free Electron Lasers Project of the Simplest Femtosecond TSFEL Former Plasma-Beam and Parametrical Electron- Wave Superheterodyne FEL Plasma-Beam Superheterodyne Free Electron Lasers: H-Ubitron Model Plasma-Beam Superheterodyne Free Electron Lasers: Dopplertron Model Parametrical Three-Wave Instability in Two- Velocity High-Current Beams Parametrical Electron-Wave Two-Stream Superheterodyne Free Electron Lasers Index
TL;DR: This work experimentally demonstrate cavity phase matching for the first time using a sheet optical parametric oscillator which is made of an x-cut KTiOPO(4) crystal sheet, which presents 220 kW peak power capability for near-frequency-degenerate parametric outputs with up to 23.8% slope efficiency.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate cavity phase matching for the first time using a sheet optical parametric oscillator which is made of an x-cut KTiOPO(4) crystal sheet. This microcavity presents 220 kW peak power capability for near-frequency-degenerate parametric outputs with up to 23.8% slope efficiency. It also features unique spectral characteristics such as single-longitudinal-mode and narrow linewidth. These attractive properties predict broad applications of such a mini-device, such as terahertz generation, photonic integration, spectroscopy, and quantum information, etc.
Abstract: We present a solution to the minimum time control problem for a classical harmonic oscillator to reach a target energy ET from a given initial state (qi ,p i) by controlling its frequency ω, ωmin ω ωmax. A brief synopsis of optimal control theory is included and the solution for the harmonic oscillator problem is used to illustrate the theory. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
TL;DR: A tunable cw terahertz (THz) parametric oscillator based on periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate, directly converting the 1030 nm pump wave into the THz regime is demonstrated.
Abstract: We demonstrate a tunable cw terahertz (THz) parametric oscillator based on periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate, directly converting the 1030 nm pump wave into the THz regime. The tunability ranges from 1.2 to 2.9 THz at output power levels between 0.3 and 3.9 μW. To overcome the high pump threshold caused by THz absorption in the nonlinear crystal, we employ an enhancement cavity with a finesse of 500 at the pump wavelength. The intracavity pump threshold at 1.4 THz is measured to be 350 W for a crystal length of 2.5 cm.
TL;DR: By treating the interacting waves as a single propagating field, the experimentally-observed behaviors of singly and doubly-resonant OPOs are predicted across near-octave-spanning bandwidths, including situations where the nonlinear crystal provides simultaneous phasematching for multiple nonlinear processes.
Abstract: Ultrashort-pulse evolution inside a optical parametric oscillator is described by using a nonlinear-envelope-equation approach, eliminating the assumptions of fixed frequencies and a single χ(2) process associated with conventional solutions based on the three coupled-amplitude equations By treating the interacting waves as a single propagating field, the experimentally-observed behaviors of singly and doubly-resonant OPOs are predicted across near-octave-spanning bandwidths, including situations where the nonlinear crystal provides simultaneous phasematching for multiple nonlinear processes
TL;DR: Using the cavity configuration proposed in this Letter, the generation of tunable monochromatic terahertz waves can be achieved just by rotating the flat mirror instead of rotating the TPO cavity relative to the pump beam.
Abstract: We demonstrate a terahertz-wave parametric oscillator (TPO) with a corner-cube resonator consisting of a corner-cube prism (CCP) and a flat mirror. By using the cavity configuration proposed in this Letter, the generation of tunable monochromatic terahertz (THz) waves can be achieved just by rotating the flat mirror instead of rotating the TPO cavity relative to the pump beam. The THz-wave output intensity and pulse width can be controlled periodically by rotating the CCP around the cavity axis. The TPO stability against cavity misalignment is significantly improved by at least 1 to 2 orders of magnitude compared with the conventional plane–parallel resonator configuration.
TL;DR: In this article, a radiofrequency vortex spin-transfer oscillator based on magnetic tunnel junctions with very low-resistance area product was investigated and a high power of excitations was obtained characterized by a power spectral density containing a very sharp peak at the fundamental frequency and a series of harmonics.
Abstract: Radiofrequency vortex spin-transfer oscillators based on magnetic tunnel junctions with very low-resistance area product were investigated. A high power of excitations has been obtained characterized by a power spectral density containing a very sharp peak at the fundamental frequency and a series of harmonics. The observed behavior is ascribed to the combined effect of spin-transfer torque and Oersted-Amp\`ere field generated by the large applied dc current. We furthermore show that the synchronization of a vortex oscillation by applying an ac bias current is mostly efficient when the external frequency is twice the oscillator fundamental frequency. This result is interpreted in terms of a parametric oscillator.
TL;DR: In this article, the transverse vibrations of an axially accelerating Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on simple supports are investigated, and the effect of nonlinear terms on natural frequency is calculated for different parameters.
Abstract: The transverse vibrations of an axially accelerating Euler―Bernoulli beam resting on simple supports are investigated The supports are at the ends, and there is a support in between The axial velocity is a sinusoidal function of time varying about a constant mean speed Since the supports are immovable, the beam neutral axis is stretched during the motion, and hence, nonlinear terms are introduced to the equations of motion Approximate analytical solutions are obtained using the method of multiple scales Natural frequencies are obtained for different locations of the support other than end supports The effect of nonlinear terms on natural frequency is calculated for different parameters Principal parametric resonance occurs when the velocity fluctuation frequency is equal to approximately twice of natural frequency By performing stability analysis of solutions, approximate stable and unstable regions were identified Effects of axial velocity and location of intermediate support on the stability regions have been investigated
TL;DR: In this paper, the nonlinear vibration of a cantilever beam with tip mass subjected to periodically varying axial load and magnetic field has been studied and the temporal equation of motion of the system containing linear and nonlinear parametric excitation terms along with nonlinear damping, geometric and inertial types of nonlinear terms has been derived and solved using method of multiple scales.
Abstract: In this paper, nonlinear vibration of a cantilever beam with tip mass subjected to periodically varying axial load and magnetic field has been studied. The temporal equation of motion of the system containing linear and nonlinear parametric excitation terms along with nonlinear damping, geometric and inertial types of nonlinear terms has been derived and solved using method of multiple scales. The stability and bifurcation analysis for three different resonance conditions were investigated. The numerical results demonstrate that while in simple resonance case with increase in magnetic field strength, the system becomes unstable, in principal parametric or simultaneous resonance cases, the vibration can be reduced significantly by increasing the magnetic field strength. The present work will be very useful for feed forward vibration control of magnetoelastic beams which are used nowadays in many industrial applications.
TL;DR: In this article, a high-speed frequency-swept pump in a fiber-optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) is demonstrated and characterized with the swept rate as high as 78 MHz by a technique called dispersive Fourier transformation.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate and characterize a high-speed frequency-swept pump in a fiber-optical parametric amplifier (FOPA). The high-speed swept pump is achieved with the swept rate as high as 78 MHz by a technique called dispersive Fourier transformation (DFT), which circumvents the fundamental speed limitation shown in the conventional swept-sources based on the cavity configurations. Based on such swept pump FOPA, the idler can be generated with a wavelength range twice the pump bandwidth. Such an all-optical approach offers an order-of-magnitude higher swept rate and thus lends itself to many applications such as high-speed signal processing and optical imaging.
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-efficiency high-power millimeter-wave oscillator was implemented in IBM 45 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS using a class-E power amplifier in a feedback configuration.
Abstract: A high-efficiency high-power millimeter-wave oscillator was implemented in IBM 45 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS using a class-E power amplifier in a feedback configuration. The oscillator achieves a peak output power of +4.6ndBm, a peak efficiency of 11.54%, and phase noises of -106.61 dBc/Hz and -131.28 dBc/Hz at 1 and 10 MHz offsets, respectively. All matching circuits and inductive elements are realized on-chip with transmission line for application in the millimeter-wave frequency bands. The oscillator is tunable between 41.08 GHz and 42.87 GHz by using a λ/4 stub terminated with a varactor in the feedback path. The circuit achieves the highest reported efficiency and output power for silicon-based monolithic millimeter-wave oscillators to the best of the authors' knowledge.
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the generalized Adler's equation is used for analyzing the injection locking in any type of oscillator, including a ring oscillator and a Hodgkin-Huxley neuronal oscillator.
Abstract: Coupled oscillator networks (CONs) occur in various domains such as biology and electronics. The nonlinear phenomenon of “injection locking” leads to frequency synchronization among the oscillators in a CON. In this chapter, we first obtain simplified tools to analyze the phenomenon of injection locking and present the Generalized Adler’s equation. The Generalized Adler’s equation is applicable for analyzing the injection locking in any type of oscillator. We demonstrate the use of Generalized Adler’s equation for injection locking analysis on a ring oscillator and a Hodgkin-Huxley neuronal oscillator. Next, we describe efficient system-level simulation techniques (synchronized steady state and transient) for coupled oscillator networks using the Perturbation Projection Vector (PPV) phase macromodel of the oscillator. The coupled oscillator simulation techniques are generic in nature and can be applied for the simulation of any coupled oscillator network, like the ones found in biological or electronic systems. We apply our system-level techniques on a −G m LC (harmonic) and a Hodgkin-Huxley (non-harmonic) CON.
TL;DR: The VCO topology exhibits a very wide tuning range from few Hz to 368.9 MHz and features the rapid voltage swing and the 48% duty cycle with good transient characteristics which is difficult to get from the conventional oscillator.
Abstract: design for a voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCO) is presented. The design allows an implementation of low frequency ring oscillator using relatively small devices and less stage. It is implemented using .18um technology provided by TSMC technology using 3.3V power supply. The VCO topology exhibits a very wide tuning range from few Hz to 368.9 MHz. It also features the rapid voltage swing and the 48% duty cycle with good transient characteristics which is difficult to get from the conventional oscillator. Its power dissipation at the maximum oscillation frequency is 35.05 mW. A frame work for modeling the phase noise in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) ring oscillators. Phase noise for simulated circuit is -88dbc when offset frequency is 10 5 HZ.