Showing papers on "Parasitic capacitance published in 1973"

Efficient Capacitance Calculations for Three-Dimensional Multiconductor Systems

Abstract: The design and packaging of integrated circuits requires the calculation of capacitances for three-dimensional conductors located on parallel planes. An integral-equation (IE) computer-solution technique is presented, which provides accurate results. The solution technique minimizes computer storage requirements while maintaining calculating efficiency computation times.

Accurate metallization capacitances for integrated circuits and packages

Abstract: The parallel-plate formula is widely used by the solid-state circuit designer to estimate capacitances in integrated circuits. Since considerable errors may result from using this approximation, this correspondence gives correction curves for a wide range of parameters. It is shown that the finite conductor thickness may significantly contribute to the increase in capacitance.

Low-level MOS transistor amplifier using storage techniques

Abstract: A fully integrated analog amplifier which can be used in a variety of applications either as a single element or as a cell in a LSI circuit has been developed for such applications as temperature measurements associated with thermocouples, biomedicine, low-level measurements and A/D converters

A Diode‐Quad Bridge Circuit for Use with Capacitance Transducers

Abstract: A new diode‐quad transducer bridge circuit has been developed which features: (1) a high output that is independent of excitation frequency and waveform; (2) a fractional capacitance (ΔC/Co) resolution of 4.4 × 10−8 at a bandwidth of 10–30 Hz; and (3) the capability of conveniently grounding the transducer. Application to a capacitive transducer for pressure measurements yielded an output resolution of 0.003% corresponding to a pressure resolution of ± 1.5 × 10−4 Torr.

Electric circuit arrangement and method of making the same

Abstract: A circuit board of electrically insulating material is provided with a printed circuit including one or more circuit strips. A discrete electrical component, or several of them, is mounted on the circuit board in circuit with the circuit arrangement, and at least one semi-conductor unit is provided on the circuit board and electrically connected with the circuit thereof.

CODYMOS frequency dividers achieve low power consumption and high frequency

Abstract: Frequency dividers made with complementary dynamic m.o.s. (CODYMOS) circuits require only a small number of transistors and interconnections, a single input signal and operate with a minimum number of successive transitions. This leads to a drastic reduction in stray capacitance and current consumption, and to an increase in speed. A simplified analysis of these quantities is given for binary and ternary dividers. An experimental circuit, integrated with silicon-gate technology, operates from a 1.35 V battery, divides by 3 up to an input frequency in excess of 20 MHz and draws a current of 0.4 µA/MHz.

Calculation of the capacitance coefficients of planar conductors on a dielectric surface

Abstract: A program for evaluation of parasitic capacitances of thinfilm conductors deposited on a dielectric substrate is described. The conductors can be of an arbitrary manhattan-type geometry and can be deposited on either side of the substrate. The dielectric substrate may have a metal backing. All the mutual and self-capacitances are computed. The method is inherently more accurate and faster than existing programs. The method involves subdivisions of the conductors into rectangles. A charge distribution with undefined parameters is assumed over each rectangle. The parameters of this distribution are forced to assume such values that the potential is constant across each conductor. The capacitances are computed from the resultant charges and potentials.

Capacitive transistorized signaling device

Abstract: An electronic device incorporating a circuit for providing a signal with respect to an on or off mode dependent upon the degree of capacitance. The invention comprises a first and basic embodiment utilizing a signal source having a slope of a step function or specifically one having a fast rise time initiated for example by a clock element. The operative signal criteria demands that the length and slope thereof respectively have an effective amplitude and an effective frequency compatible with the circuit components. The signal source is fed to a transistor or suitable amplifier having its base connected to a capacitance sensing means. Resistors are provided for appropriate biasing, current limiting and drain functions as well as capacitors for capacitance balancing purposes. The capacitance sensing means can comprise a touch switch which when touched has its capacitance increased causing the device to function. The transistor or amplifier is connected to a load so that when a change of capacitance is sensed, the change will be registered. Other embodiments can incorporate differential amplification means and means to drive the active components with the voltage of the signal source or the clock voltage. Alternative embodiments of this invention incorporate capacitance sensing means in the form of transducers which can operate in a linear or a sequential mode. The transducers functionally incorporate a change of capacitance by means of moving mechanical elements so that when such change in capacitance is detected by the circuit it will provide an on or off sensing for the circuit or an analog of the change in capacitance. Thus, a reading of the extent of mechanical movement of a mechanically moving object can be transduced into an electrical function or output having substantial linearity. In summation, the circuit of this invention can be used for a transducer, or a solid state switch.

Field-effect transistor

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved field-effect transistor, having its effective base width determined by the impurity diffusion length or by a difference between impurity diffusion lengths for providing a reduced parasitic capacitance between gate and drain, and/or between gate or drain and other electrode Disclosed also is a construction for effectively leading out an electrode from the base region and or source region, and methods adapted to manufacture the above-mentioned field-effect transistor

Method of analog measurement of a capacitance and a capacitance meter for carrying out said method

Abstract: A method of analog measurement of a capacitance and/or a variation of capacitance which entails the use of a capacitance meter comprising two oscillators whose frequency is dependent on the capacitances introduced in the oscillator circuits and on a control voltage and in which the unknown capacitance is connected in one of said circuits, thereby modifying its frequency. The control voltage of either of the two oscillators is modified so as to reduce their frequency difference to zero, then measured by a voltmeter and the value of capacitance is deduced therefrom.

Capacitance fuel tank gauge

Abstract: A capacitance fuel tank gauge utilizing a pair of diodes to rectify the capacitance signal before transmission to the fuel gauge, thereby eliminating effects of stray capacitance and the need for coaxial cables with the advantages of reducing weight and cost.

Compensated transformer circuit utilizing negative capacitance simulating circuit

Abstract: A circuit for reducing or eliminating the effect of the stray capacitance of the windings of a transformer on signals coupled through that transformer. Circuitry is provided for generating voltages and currents which simulate the presence of a negative capacitance and for coupling those voltages and currents to a transformer in cancelling relationships to the stray capacitance thereof. Circuitry is also provided for imposing an upper frequency limit beyond which capacitance cancellation will not occur. The upper frequency limit stabilizes the circuitry and allows signal transmission to be limited to a predetermined desired band of frequencies.

Switching speed and power dissipation of planar-type Gunn diodes

Abstract: The switching speed and power dissipation of planar-type Gunn diodes were investigated both by experiment and theoretical analysis. In the experiment, two-terminal planar-type Gunn diodes with various geometries were fabricated and their switching characteristics were measured under pulse and d.c. biased operations. Under pulse bias, a delay time of 60 psec and a power-delay product of 20 pJ were obtained with Gunn diodes having stick-type active region of 30 μm in length. Under d.c. bias, the geometry of the active region was carefully selected to optimize the trapezoid structure in order to achieve a stable operation, and a delay time of 80 psec and a power-delay product of 50 pJ were obtained. Theoretical analysis showed that the intrinsic delay time of the diodes is 15 psec and that by reducing the parasitic capacitance between the electrodes faster switching will be realized in the experiment.

Capacitive computer circuits

Abstract: A capacitive computer circuit comprises a field effect switch connected to a storage capacitor, means for applying a signal characteristic to or deriving a signal characteristic from the capacitor, and means for compensating for errors in the derived signal due to leakage current or stray capacitance in the circuit.

A Survey of Proportional Wire Chamber Electrohics and Readout Systems

Abstract: A survey of the currently used electronics with multiwire proportional chambers is examined for the high energy physics applications.

Circuit arrangement for increasing the effective capacitance of a capacitor

Abstract: An arrangement wherein for increasing the effective capacitance of a capacitor included in an electrical circuit such as, for example, a resonant circuit for the purpose of detuning the latter, a current amplifier having a high output impedance and a low input impedance is connected in parallel with the capacitor whereby the effective capacitance appears between the output and a reference potential of the current amplifier.

Transducer circuitry for converting an input parameter to a dc current signal

Abstract: 1335349 Two-wire telemetry; measuring fluid pressure electrically ROSE MOUNT ENG CO 20 Oct 1970 [27 Oct 1969] 49801/70 Headings G1N and G1U A two-wire telemetry system in which the direct current i T drawn from a remote source 60 is varied in accordance with changes in a capacitive transducer 10 comprises an oscillator 30 whose output is applied to the transducer to derive a current i 1 proportional to the quantity to be measured, and an amplifier 90 which controls the current i T drawn from the source 60 in accordance with i 1 the power required for operation of the circuit being derived solely from i T . Oscillator/transducer circuit The transducer 10 comprises a diaphragm 21 which moves in response to pressure difference P 1 #P 2 to vary capacitances C1, C2 differentially, and a fixed capacitance C3 which compensates for stray capacitance effects. During each cycle of the oscillator output, each of the three capacitances C1, C2, C3 is charged via one path and discharged via another path. A resistor 44 in parallel with a smoothing capacitor 25 is arranged to be in both the charging path of C1 and the discharging path of C3, so that a D.C. voltage builds up on capacitor 25 proportional to C1-C3. In a similar way a voltage builds up on capacitor 23 proportional to C3-C2 and a direct current i 1 flows proportional to C1-C2. A differential amplifier 40 receives at one input 43 the combination of the voltage proportional to C1-C3 and a D.C. bias derived from a Zener diode 46 and at its other input 42 the combination of the voltage proportional to -(C2-C3) and a similar D.C. bias. The amplifier output constitutes the oscillator power supply so that the oscillations automatically assume an amplitude such as to make the net amplifier input zero. It is shown that the current i 1 is then proportional to: and is independant of the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations. This expression is directly proportional to the pressure difference P1-P2. Current control and power supply circuit A small, fixed amount (determined by a Zener diode 77) of the transmitted current i T is drawn by a transistor 73 to provide a supply voltage across lines 55, 56 for energizing the circuit. The remainder passes through a line 75 and is controlled by a transistor 81 in dependence on the output of a differential amplifier 90. One input 91 of the amplifier 90 receives a fixed bias and the other input 96 the sum of voltages proportional to the current i 1 to be measured (as this current passes through a resistance R 3 ) and the total transmitted current (as it passes through R 4 ) respectively. The total transmitted current iT will thus assume a value such as to make the net amplifier input zero, which value will be a linear function of i 1 . The current i T operates a remote meter, recorder or controller 61.