Topic
Parathion methyl
About: Parathion methyl is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1274 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26055 citations. The topic is also known as: methyl parathion & Azophos.
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TL;DR: Two patients with Diazinon ® poisoning and the second with parathion poisoning illustrate the acute manifestations, the criteria for diagnosis, and treatment with pralidoxime and atropine in organophosphate poisoning.
564 citations
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TL;DR: The current data suggest that MPc has oxidative-stress-inducing potential in fish, and that gills and white muscle are the most sensitive organs of B. cephalus, with poor antioxidant potentials.
Abstract: Methyl parathion (MP) is an organophosphorus insecticide used worldwide in agriculture and aquaculture due to its high activity against a broad spectrum of insect pests. The effect of a single exposure to 2 mg L − 1 of a commercial formulation of MP (MPc: Folisuper 600®, MP 600 g L − 1 ) on catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S -transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of the liver, white muscle and gills of Brycon cephalus was evaluated after 96 h of treatment. MPc exposure resulted in a significant induction of SOD, CAT and GST activity in all tissues. However, the GPx activity decreased significantly in white muscle and gills, whereas no alterations were observed in hepatic GPx activity. MPc also induced a significant increase in LPO values in the white muscle and gills, while hepatic LPO levels did not show any significant alteration. The current data suggest that MPc has oxidative-stress-inducing potential in fish, and that gills and white muscle are the most sensitive organs of B. cephalus , with poor antioxidant potentials. The various parameters studied in this investigation can also be used as biomarkers of exposure to MPc.
356 citations
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TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that corn rootworm management practices have selected for significant levels of resistance to methyl parathion, carbaryl, or both in certain areas of Nebraska.
Abstract: Topical bioassays were conducted in 1995 to estimate the susceptibility of adult western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, populations from Nebraska to technical grade methyl parathion, carbaryl, and bifenthrin. Significant differences in susceptibility occurred among populations for each insecticide. The largest relative differences in LD50 values between the most tolerant and susceptible field populations were 16.4- and 9.4-fold for methyl parathion and carbaryl, respectively. The Fl colonies also exhibited significant differences in susceptibility to methyl parathion and carbaryl indicating that susceptibility traits are heritable. The response to bifenthrin (up to 4-fold difference in LD50 values) was more homogeneous across populations than the response to the other 2 compounds. Populations with the largest LD50values were located in 2 areas where adult management programs using carbamate and organophosphate insecticides have been extensively applied and control failures have been commonly reported. Results strongly suggest that corn rootworm management practices have selected for significant levels of resistance to methyl parathion, carbaryl, or both in certain areas of Nebraska.
293 citations
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TL;DR: Results indicate that the ability of populations to adapt depends on the presence of specific microorganisms, and adaptation must be considered when such systems are used to predict the fate of xenobiotics in the environment.
Abstract: Experiments were devised to determine whether exposure to xenobiotics would cause microbial populations to degrade the compounds more rapidly during subsequent exposures. Studies were done with water/sediment systems (ecocores) taken from a salt marsh and a river. Systems were tested for adaptation to the model compounds methyl parathion and p-nitrophenol. CO(2) released from radioactive parent compounds was used as a measure of mineralization. River populations preexposed to p-nitrophenol at concentrations as low as 60 mug/liter degraded the nitrophenol much faster than did control populations. River populations preexposed to methyl parathion also adapted to degrade the pesticide more rapidly, but higher concentrations were required. Salt marsh populations did not adapt to degrade methyl parathion. p-Nitrophenol-degrading bacteria were isolated from river samples but not from salt marsh samples. Numbers of nitrophenol-degrading bacteria increased 4 to 5 orders of magnitude during adaptation. Results indicate that the ability of populations to adapt depends on the presence of specific microorganisms. Biodegradation rates in laboratory systems can be affected by concentration and prior exposure; therefore, adaptation must be considered when such systems are used to predict the fate of xenobiotics in the environment.
250 citations
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TL;DR: A degradative bacterium, M6, was isolated and presumptively identified as Plesiomonas sp.
Abstract: A degradative bacterium, M6, was isolated and presumptively identified as Plesiomonas sp. strain M6 was able to hydrolyze methyl parathion to p-nitrophenol. A novel organophosphate hydrolase gene designated mpd was selected from its genomic library prepared by shotgun cloning. The nucleotide sequence of the mpd gene was determined. The gene could be effectively expressed in Esherichia coli.
248 citations