Showing papers on "Partial oxidation published in 1975"

Hydrogen rich gas generator

Abstract: A process and apparatus is described for producing a hydrogen rich gas by injecting air and hydrocarbon fuel at one end of a cylindrically shaped chamber to form a mixture, igniting the mixture to provide hot combustion gases, by partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon fuel. The combustion gases move away from the ignition region to another region where water is injected to be turned into steam by the hot combustion gases. The steam which is formed mixes with the hot gases present to yield a uniform hot gas whereby a steam reforming reaction with the hydrocarbon fuel takes place to produce a hydrogen rich gas.

Preparation of solid fuel-water slurries

Abstract: Preparation of a solid fuel-water slurry suitable for use as feed to a partial oxidation zone for the production of synthesis gas by forming a mixture of finely-divided solid fuel and water, heating the mixture to a temperature above 300° F. under pressure sufficient to maintain water in the liquid phase, cooling the mixture and adding a surface active agent and sufficient water to form a mixture having a water content between 40 and 50 weight %.

Process for production of synthesis gas

Abstract: A process for the production of a synthesis gas, capable of being upgraded to a high BTU pipeline gas, by the partial oxidation and substantially complete gasification of a carbonaceous material under CO-promoting conditions wherein the carbonaceous material, oxygen, and recycled carbon dioxide from the process are introduced into a molten salt containing an alkali metal carbonate and a minor portion of an alkali metal sulfide, the system being operated at a selected temperature and pressure between 1400° and 2000° F and between 1 and 100 atmospheres The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen employed is controlled at from about 06:1 to about 12:1 to control the CO production and also to maintain the molten salt at a desired operating temperature Sulfur and ash introduced with the fuel are retained in the molten salt The gaseous effluent, containing a molar ratio of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide substantially greater than one, is reacted in a water gas shift reaction, followed by removal of the carbon dioxide present in the gaseous effluent from the shift reaction to produce the synthesis gas, capable of being reacted further under appropriate conditions to produce pipeline gas, methanol, ammonia, or gasoline At least a portion of the removed carbon dioxide is recycled for admixture with the oxygen to form the feed gas to the molten salt containing the carbonaceous material

The oxidation of iron (II) sulphide

Abstract: The oxidation in air and oxygen of iron (II) sulphide Fe1−xS was studied using TG, DTA, X-Ray powder photography and chemical analysis A reaction sequence was deduced, in which in the temperature range 425–520‡ partial oxidation occurred forming FeSO4, FeS2, Fe3O4 Rapid oxidation to Fe2O3 was usually observed in the range 520–575‡ but under certain conditions this reaction did not occur In the temperature range 575–625‡ oxidation of FeSO4 to [Fe2(SO4)3]2 · Fe2O3 took place Decomposition of this material gave Fe2O3 as the final product at 725‡

Influence of alkaline promoters on the selectivity of vanadium catalysts in the oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride

Abstract: The influence of the alkali metals Na, K, Rb, and Cs on the catalytic properties of the system V2O5−TiO2 has been studied in the oxidation of o-xylene. When introducing the promoter into the catalyst, and as the alkaline nature of the metals increases, the initial selectivity to partial oxidation products increases. A correlation is observed between the selectivity and the acidity of the surface, which was determined in a model raction of cumene cracking. The most acidic sites of the surface are assumed to be responsible for the destructive oxidation of o-xylene. The rate of oxidation of phthalic anhydride remaines constant when the nature of the additive varied.

Process for the recovery of ethylene oxide

Abstract: The conventional process for the recovery of ethylene oxide produced by the silver catalyzed, vapor phase, partial oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen involves a sequence of steps including absorption in water of the ethylene oxide contained in the reaction effluent. The ethylene oxide-containing absorbate is then stripped and the vapor thus generated is subjected to reabsorption, also in water. This invention provides an improved stripper-reabsorption system and includes the steps of partial condensation of the stripper overhead and introduction of an additional absorbent stream into the readsorption step.

Arc reforming of hydrocarbons

Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE: A process for the production of reducing-gas mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by the partial oxidation of at least one hydrocarbon with an oxygen-containing gas or a mixture of oxygen-containing gases, in stoichiometric ratios. The process comprises selecting a predetermined equilibrium temperature, forming an arc plasma by striking an arc in a portion of the reactants in gaseous phase, reacting the remaining portion of reactants with the arc plasma to obtain a gaseous reaction mixture having an average temperature at least equal to the pre-determined equilibrium temperature but lower than the temperature of the plasma and following the reaction mixture to reach homo-geneity at the said average temperature. The process of the invention does not necessitate thorough pre-cleaning or pre-purification of the starting materials and, accordingly, off-gas from an integrated ore reduction process may be used as main oxidizing gas. The reducing gas produced is suitable for the direct reduction of ores.

Vanadium phosphorus oxygen oxidation catalysts useful for preparing anhydrides from alkanes

Abstract: A catalyst complex useful for the partial oxidation of alkanes to the corresponding anhydrides, e. g., converting normal C 4 hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride in vapor phase, comprising as components vanadium, phosphorus, oxygen, Nb, Cu, Mo, Ni, Co and Cr. Preferred are those compositions containing in additiion one or more of Ce, Nd, Ba, Hf, U, Ru, Re, Li or Mg.

Liquid and gaseous low-sulphur fuels prodn. - by hydrogenation of solid fuels and purification of resulting gases

Abstract: Hydrogenation of solid fuels is improved in that a solid residue remaining after the release of the hydrogenation products from the liquid phase is subjected to a special gasification process to produce additional hydrogen. The gases obtained by this gasification process can be combined with gases from the partial oxidation stage and jointly subjected to the operations of sulphur-scrubbing, conversion of CO into CO2, and removal of the latter. By this method, the hydrogen economy is improved. Sulphur cpds. removed from the fuel can be utilised elsewhere.

On the mechanism of the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: The mechanism of oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons involving a sequence of consecutive surface oxidation steps has been considered. The corresponding rate equations are in agreement with the experimental data for the partial oxidation of naphthalene.

On the role of individual elements of complex oxides in the partial oxidation of olefins

Abstract: The effect of the composition of bismuth-tin-antimony catalysts on the composition of the products of allylic oxidation of propylene has been studied. The substitution of antimony by bismuth decreases the acrolein yield and increases the yields of oxidative dimerization products. The activity and selectivity of molybdenum oxide in the oxidation of propylene and allyl bromide have been compared with those of bismuth molybdate. In the oxidation of allyl bromide, the activity and selectivity of molybdenum oxide have been found to approach those of bismuth molybdate. Using the results and literature data, it has been concluded that low-valent cations (bismuth, tin) are responsible for the formation of allylic surface complexes, and high-valent ions (molybdenum, antimony) participate in the oxidation of these complexes to acrolein.

Fuel modulating system

Abstract: PURPOSE: Hydrocarbon fuel is burnt with excess air and the high-temperature gas thus produced is mixed with the hydrocarbon fuel to generate partial oxidation to produce a gaseous fuel rich with H 2 CO and by supplying this fuel to a combustion engine for combustion, noxious discharge gas components are reduced and fuel economy is improved. COPYRIGHT: (C)1976,JPO&Japio

Partial oxidation of gasoline in a packed bedreactor

Abstract: The initial objective of this study, to determine the poisoning effect of fuel lead additives on nickel oxide catalyst during partial oxidation (POX) reactions, has re­ sulted in the discovery of another important phenomenon, surface combustion, which appears to be the dominant mecha­ nism in action. During the initial portion of the study, two different reactors melted in their "inert" porcelain packing sections near the reactant feed entrance. Four theories were developed to explain the reactor melt phenome­ non. From the four theories, the Surface Combustion Theory emerged as being the most feasible. Experimental results from a third reactor filled only with 0.5 inch porcelain Raschig rings, exhibited reaction zone movement upstream through the porcelain bed to the reactant feed entrance and then an increasing temperature in the feed entrance area. This lends strong support to the Surface Combustion Theory. A digital computer simulation of the surface combustion phenomenon has satisfactorily reproduced the experimental data, supporting the surface combustion mechanism as being responsible for the failure of the first two experimental reactors. If surface combustion is the dominant mechanism in action, then the activity of the packing material may not be influenced at all by gasoline additives. ix