Showing papers on "Partial oxidation published in 1977"

Partial oxidation process with production of power

Abstract: Power is developed by an expansion turbine in which the working fluid is a gaseous mixture comprising all of the hot raw gas stream leaving an unpacked partial oxidation gas generator, after removing if present a portion of the entrained solids, in admixture with a temperature moderating stream. A molal increase is associated with the partial oxidation process. Power is obtained from this molal increase in addition to the power obtained from the elevated pressure and sensible heat in the hot raw partial oxidation product gas. The temperature moderating stream may comprise a recycle portion of the turbine exhaust gas stream after being cooled, cleaned, optionally water-gas shifted or purified, or both, and recompressed. Alternatively, the recycle gas stream may be mixed with water, steam, or both. In one embodiment the temperature moderating stream comprises liquid water or condensate produced in the process. Auxiliary gas compressors for recompressing said recycle gas, and optionally for compressing a free-oxygen containing gas for use in the gas generation zone may be driven by said expansion turbine. Similarly, an electric generator may be coupled to the turbine shaft.

Process for the partial oxidation of liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuels

Abstract: The reaction zone of a free-flow refractory lined partial oxidation gas generator is preheated by the complete combustion of fuel gas, supplied by means of a preheat burner, with air at atmospheric pressure. The preheat burner is replaced by the main process burner and the heating is continued by the complete combustion of said fuel gas and air at atmospheric pressure. The main burner is then made pressure tight to the reaction zone, and the heating is continued. When the temperature of the reaction zone reaches the temperature for ignition of the autothermal partial oxidation reaction of the liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel and free-oxygen containing gas in the presence of a temperature moderator, fuel gas and air are cut-off, and are respectively replaced by a stream of said liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel, optionally in admixture with a temperature moderator, and a separate stream of free-oxygen containing gas, optionally in admixture with a temperature moderator. After ignition, the partial oxidation reaction takes place in the reaction zone, and the gas generator is brought up to operating pressure. In the event of temporary shut down of the gas generator, the streams of liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel, steam, and free-oxygen containing gas are shut-off and a stand by temperature may be maintained in the reaction zone to allow quick start-up by switching the feedstreams to the main burner back to fuel gas and air.

Oil conversion process

Abstract: A hydrogen donor diluent cracking process for upgrading a heavy liquid hydrocarbon wherein pitch fractionated from the cracked products is subjected to a partial oxidation process to reduce the amount of pitch and to provide hydrogen for hydrogenation of hydrogen donor diluent for the cracking step.

Oxidation catalysts and process for preparing anhydride from alkanes

Abstract: A catalyst complex useful for the partial oxidation of alkanes to the corresponding anhydrides, e.g., converting normal C 4 hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride in vapor phase, comprising as components vanadium, phosphorus, oxygen, Cu, Mo, Ni, Co, Cr, Nd, Ce, Ba, Y and Sm.

Sulfoxides and Sulfilimines

Abstract: Sulfoxides are formed by partial oxidation of sulfides, which upon further oxidation are converted to sulfones, and hence may be considered as a very stable intermediate in the oxidation process. However, since the sulfur-oxygen linkage in sulfoxides is polarized and much weaker than that in sulfones, sulfoxides are relatively reactive and undergo many synthetically important reactions. Therefore, the chemistry involving this trivalent sulfur species has been growing rapidly in recent years.1

Method for processing coke oven gas

Abstract: Hot coke oven gas is subjected, immediately after the discharge thereof from coke ovens, and without any preliminary cooling operation, to partial oxidation and cracking with an oxygen-containing gas, thereby forming a hot cracked gas rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The hot coke oven gas may be subjected to a desulfurization operation prior to the partial oxidation and cracking. Alternatively, the hot cracked gas may be subjected to a desulfurization operation after the partial oxidation and cracking. When the coke ovens are part of an overall metallurgical installation which includes an air separation and dissociation plant for obtaining substantially pure oxygen, the oxygen-containing gas employed in the partial oxidation and cracking may comprise oxygen enriched gas which is taken from an intermediate stage of the air separation and dissociation plant.

The oxidation products of 1-Alkyl-3-arylthioureas: A chemical and spectral study

Abstract: The oxidation of 1-alkyl-3-arylthioureas with hydrogen peroxide in acidic aqueous ethanol yields 2,4-dialkyl-3,5-bis(arylimino)-1,2,4- thiadiazoles and N,N?-dialkyl-N?-aryl-N-benzothiazolylguanidines as the final products. The former were found to rearrange into the latter in acidic solutions. The formation of amidinothioureas as the precursors of thiadiazoles is established by their isolation from solutions which were partly oxidized. The reduction of the thiadiazole afforded an amidino-thiourea which was different from the one obtained by partial oxidation of thiourea. The reaction of benzenesulphonyl chloride on these thioureas also yielded amidinothioureas. The N.M.R. and mass spectra of the products obtained by the oxidation of these thioureas are also discussed briefly.

Process of preparing anhydrides from alkanes

Abstract: A catalyst complex useful for the partial oxidation of alkanes to the corresponding anhydrides, e.g., converting normal C 4 hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride in vapor phase, comprising as components vanadium, phosphorus, oxygen, Nb, Cu, Mo, Ni, Co and Cr. Preferred are those compositions containing in addition one or more of Ce, Nd, Ba, Hf, U, Ru, Re, Li or Mg.

Oxidation catalysts and process for preparing anhydride from alkanes

Abstract: A catalyst complex useful for the partial oxidation of alkanes to the corresponding anhydrides, e.g., converting normal C 4 hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride in vapor phase, comprising as components vanadium, phosphorus, oxygen, Nb, Cu, Mo, Ni, Co and Cr. Preferred are those compostions containing in addition one or more of Ce, Nd, Ba, Hf, U, Ru, Re, Li or Mg.

Process for determining the fuel flow into the gasifier of a partial oxidation installation for solid, fine-grain or dust-like fuels

Abstract: The fuel flow into the gasifier of a partial oxidation installation using solid fine-grain or dust-like fuel is determined by a radiometric density measurement of the fuel immediately prior to its entry into the gasifier and while the fuel particles are suspended in a gaseous or vaporous medium.

Method of purifying a hydrogenated gas containing acid gases

Abstract: A method of purifying a hydrogenated gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide, for example a gaseous mixture obtained by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, has a hydrogen sulphide elimination step which comprises a reaction between sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide to form sulphur, the reaction being carried out in a solvent for sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide

Process for making substitute natural gas

Abstract: A process, having high thermal efficiency, is provided for the production of substitute natural gas from fossil fuels such as crude oil, by non-catalytic hydrogenation High thermal efficiency is obtained by using cryogenic systems for separating hydrogen from (a) the product of the hydrogenation reaction and (b) from products produced by partial oxidation in the production of hydrogen required for the hydrogenation reactions Other products from the partial oxidation reaction may be used either as fuel or as feedstocks for catalytic steam reforming to produce SNG

Propylene oxidation over tin-molybdenum oxide catalysts

Abstract: The influence of preparation of tin-molybdenum catalysts on their phase composition and activity has been elucidated. The mutual dissolution of Sn and Mo oxides leads to a considerable increase in their activities and selectivities in the partial oxidation of propylene to acetone.

Preparation of olefins and reduced gases

Abstract: PURPOSE:Olefins and reduced gas are economically prepared in high yield by the flame decomposition of light hydrocarbons with>=1800 deg.C reducting flame generated by the partial oxidation of heavy hydrocarbons.

The oxidation products of 1‐alkyl‐3‐arylthioureas‐ a chemical and spectral study

Abstract: The oxidation of 1-alkyl-3-arylthioureas with hydrogen peroxide in acidic aqueous ethanol yields 2,4-dialkyl-3,5-bis(arylimino)-1,2,4- thiadiazoles and N,N?-dialkyl-N?-aryl-N-benzothiazolylguanidines as the final products. The former were found to rearrange into the latter in acidic solutions. The formation of amidinothioureas as the precursors of thiadiazoles is established by their isolation from solutions which were partly oxidized. The reduction of the thiadiazole afforded an amidino-thiourea which was different from the one obtained by partial oxidation of thiourea. The reaction of benzenesulphonyl chloride on these thioureas also yielded amidinothioureas. The N.M.R. and mass spectra of the products obtained by the oxidation of these thioureas are also discussed briefly.