Showing papers on "Particle horizon published in 1975"
TL;DR: The meaning of the phrase "the direction of time" and the physical problems involved are discussed and plausibility arguments are given to show that all clocks run in the same direction (almost always), that the most probable development of the Universe during the early stages of the expansion would result in the introduction of some internal organization, and that the expansion of the universe and the increase in entropy define time directions that have the same sense as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The meaning of the phrase “the direction of time” and the physical problems involved are considered. These problems are discussed and plausibility arguments are given to show that all clocks run in the same direction (almost always), that the most probable development of the Universe during the early stages of the expansion would result in the introduction of some internal organization, and that the expansion of the Universe and the increase in entropy define time directions that have the same sense. The question of what properties of the laws governing the Universe lead to these results is studied.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the most recent experimental data shows that the isotropic and universal proportionality of redshift to distance, predicted for all distant objects by the expanding universe model, cannot be regarded as an established fact at the present stage of experimental knowledge.
Abstract: An analysis of the most recent experimental data shows that the isotropic and universal proportionality of redshift to distance, predicted for all distant objects by the expanding universe model, cannot be regarded as an established fact at the present stage of experimental knowledge. An interpretation of the conflicting data is given in terms of interactions between nonzero-mass photons and light scalar bosons. This leads to a new, static, Einstein-type hierarchical model of the universe, where the cosmological redshift results essentially from a tired-light effect.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the singularity of space-time in the Friedmann equation can be avoided if one takes into account the strong interaction of the elementary particles in the earliest stage of the universe.
Abstract: It is shown that the singularity of space-time in Einstein-Friedmann's cosmology can be avoided, if one takes into account the strong interaction of the elementary particles in the earliest stage of the Universe. Under the additional assumption that there exists a maximum temperature of particles and radiation (Tmax≃1.9×1012 K) in consequence of which the number of hadrons (nucleons) in the early Universe has been greater than today by a factor of about 107, the Friedmann equation is integrated numerically where the integration constant is fitted by the present values of the massdensity, the Hubble-constant and the temperature of the background radiation. The minimum radius of curvature of the Universe becomes 1.4×1011 km; the density in its neighbourhood remains within reasonable limits of the magnitude of the nuclear density. The early evolution of the Universe with time will be discussed in detail.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the universe from gravitational waves is constructed and the analytical solutions to exact equations of the turbulence theory are found, and it is shown that only such excitations whose effective equations of state do not coincide with those of matter do contribute to the deviation from the Friedmann law.
Abstract: At the stage of a weak turbulence the interactions between excitations are negligible, and potential, vortical and gravitational perturbations may be considered independent. In this approximation the analytical solutions to exact equations of the turbulence theory are found. It is shown that only such excitations whose effective equations of state do not coincide with those of matter do contribute to the deviation from the Friedmann law. At the stagep=1/3ε this involves potential and vortical turbulences. A model of the Universe from gravitational waves is constructed. The influence of the turbulence on the course of the expansion is essential till the beginning of, and probably during, the synthesis of light elements. The rate of cosmological expansion and gravitational instability decreases if the potential turbulence predominates over the vortical one, and increases in the opposite case.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that if imaginary-mass matter can exist, then it will be present and coupled to the thermal gravitons in the early stages of the expansion of the universe.
Abstract: General considerations require that, if imaginary-mass matter can exist, then it will be present and coupled to the thermal gravitons in the early stages of the expansion of the Universe. This imaginary-mass component disappears abruptly as the expansion proceeds, a circumstance of great importance for the dynamics of the Universe. Estimates are given which indicate that this event would have occurred before the end of the hadron era.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cosmological model is constructed which is a Friedman model, but with a finite ultimate temperature (TF), which suggests that the existence of TF and the cosmic microwave background restricts the form of the hadronic level density:, where A, B = constants.
5 citations