Showing papers on "Particle horizon published in 2019"

Viscous Fluid Holographic Bounce

Abstract: We investigate bounce cosmological models in the presence of a viscous fluid, making use of generalized holographic cutoffs introduced by Nojiri and Odintsov (2017). We consider both an exponential, a power-law, and a double exponential form for the scale factor. By use of these models we calculate expressions for infrared cutoffs analytically, such that they correspond to the particle horizon at the bounce. Finally we derive the energy conservation equation, from the holographic point of view. In that way the relationship between the viscous fluid bounce and the holographic bounce is demonstrated.

Emergent Cosmological Constant from a Holographic Mass/Energy Distribution

Abstract: A new methodology is introduced suggesting that an exact cosmological constant is theoretically and numerically derived and described as the squared ratio of Planck length and the particle horizon radius. Additionally, equations relating the sterile neutrino mass, Planck mass and mass of the universe are established. Furthermore, the mass of the universe can be derived as encoded information located on the cosmic horizon. Finally, a relationship of the Hubble radius and comoving radius is reviewed. This hypothesis is tested for convergence for an overall flat curvature using the Friedmann equations.

Neutrino Mass Replaces Planck Mass as Fundamental Particle

Abstract: The following derivation shows that the neutrino mass effectively replaces the Planck mass as a fundamental particle associated to Newton's Gravity Law. The neutrino mass is deduced from the cosmic microwave background and matches a previous obtained experimental value. Using a ratio of forces between two Planck mass pairs in comparison to two neutrino pairs, a proportion to the dimension of the Planck length and a Rindler horizon is formed. The work done on the two pairs are equivalent using this proportion. Additionally, it has been concluded that the cosmic diameter, as a particle horizon, can be written in terms of fundamental constants using Wien's displacement law and the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature.

Emergence of space and expansion of Universe.

Abstract: According to the principle of emergence, the expansion of the universe can be explained as the emergence of space with the progress of cosmic time. We have analytically solved the equation of emergence proposed by Padmanabhan by assuming the Komar energy density $\rho+3P$ as a function of the Hubble parameter. The resulting model describes the evolution of the universe, which proceeds toward a late accelerating epoch. Model parameters have been extracted using the cosmological observational data. Horizon entropy evolution of the model has been studied. The model predicts a universe having a transition from a prior decelerated epoch to a late accelerated epoch and reasonably predicts the cosmological constant.

On the Necessity of Phantom Fields for Solving the Horizon Problem in Scalar Cosmologies

Abstract: We discuss the particle horizon problem in the framework of spatially homogeneous and isotropic scalar cosmologies. To this purpose we consider a Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime with possibly non-zero spatial sectional curvature (and arbitrary dimension), and assume that the content of the universe is a family of perfect fluids, plus a scalar field that can be a quintessence or a phantom (depending on the sign of the kinetic part in its action functional). We show that the occurrence of a particle horizon is unavoidable if the field is a quintessence, the spatial curvature is non-positive and the usual energy conditions are fulfilled by the perfect fluids. As a partial converse, we present three solvable models where a phantom is present in addition to a perfect fluid, and no particle horizon appears.

Determination of the Fundamental Impedance of Free Space due to Radiation Energy from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Information Horizons

Abstract: Here, the fundamental constants namely vacuum permeability and permittivity, which comprise the numerical definition of the speed of light in vacuum, are determined. They are found to be composites correlated to Planck’s constant, Wien’s constant and the mass energy of the cosmic microwave background. Derivations for both a new fundamental composite speed of light in vacuum and vacuum impedance are performed. Furthermore, this newly suggested definition is correlated to a confined quantized radiation spectrum of the cosmic particle horizon.

An Introduction to the Theory of Everything Using Energy Gradients and Information Horizons

Abstract: The quest to unify the four fundamental forces has been sought after for decades but has remained elusive to all physicists. The first clues to unification were given when information horizons were associated to radiation by Unruh and Hawking. This was then extended to be a discrete spectrum in nature by McCulloch. Here, it is suggested that the limitation, or confinement, of an allowed spectrum is relevant in order to compute all the fundamental forces. The maximum spectrum is defined by the size of the cosmic particle horizon and the Planck length. Notably, all fundamental forces can be computed by using the same core equation and can be extended to reflect the different information horizons and particle interaction scenarios. This result suggests that for unification, the radiation spectrum provides momentum space alterations to generate energy gradients. The force derivatives of the energy fields indicate numerical convergence to the observed fundamental forces.

On the necessity of phantom fields for solving the horizon problem in scalar cosmologies.

Abstract: We discuss the particle horizon problem in the framework of spatially homogeneous and isotropic scalar cosmologies. To this purpose we consider a Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime with possibly non-zero spatial sectional curvature (and arbitrary dimension), and assume that the content of the universe is a family of perfect fluids, plus a scalar field that can be a quintessence or a phantom (depending on the sign of the kinetic part in its action functional). We show that the occurrence of a particle horizon is unavoidable if the field is a quintessence, the spatial curvature is non-positive and the usual energy conditions are fulfilled by the perfect fluids. As a partial converse, we present three solvable models where a phantom is present in addition to a perfect fluid, and no particle horizon~appears.

The CMB Energy Equivalence Principle : A Correlation to Planck and Cosmic Horizon Energy

Abstract: According to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and Wien's displacement law, the CMB's energy value is equivalent to that of the measured and determined neutrino energy. The resulting CMB/neutrino mass is used to determine a ratio by correlating the accelerative work of two forces which corresponds to the cosmic particle horizon and Planck length. Planck's constant is shown to be proportional to the cosmic particle horizon and the CMB mass/energy and the speed of light in vacuum. Planck's constant, the cosmic horizon, the CMB energy and speed of light all appear to be interconnected and their correlations provide an amending perspective on the concepts of the fundamental laws and theories of the cosmos. Specifically, the squared energy of a CMB/neutrino is equal to the product of the energy of the maximum cosmic Rindler horizon, cosmic diameter, and the Schwarzschild radius for a Planck mass.

On the generality of a cosmological speculation based on Heisenberg's principle

Abstract: In a previous work [1], it was speculated that the lack of homogeneity of the large-scale structure of the universe may be due to quantum fluctuations of space in the early universe. In [1], this was argued for a Friedmann-type universe for which both the curvature and the cosmological constant were zero. Here it is shown that the same considerations are valid for arbitrary values of the curvature and the cosmological constant.