Particle horizon

About: Particle horizon is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2096 publications have been published within this topic receiving 69137 citations.

The volume expansion rate and the age of the Universe

Abstract: Under four assumptions such that 1) Einstein’s theory of gravity is correct, 2) existence of foliation by geodesic slicing, 3) the trace of the extrinsic curvature, K, is negative at the present time in observed region, that is, the observed universe is now expanding, 4) the strong energy condition is satisfied, we show that Hv0t0 ≤ 1, where Hv ≡ −K/3 agrees with the Hubble parameter in the case of a homogeneous and isotropic universe, and t0 is the age of the Universe. If Hv0t0 > 1 is confirmed observationally, at least one of the four assumptions is incorrect. Key word: Hubble parameter

Look Back Time, the Age of the Universe, and the Case for a Positive Cosmological Constant

Abstract: We present explicit expressions for the calculation of cosmological look back time, for zero cosmological constant and arbitrary density parameter $\Omega$, which, in the limit as redshift becomes infinite, give the age of the universe. The case for non-zero cosmological constant is most easily solved via numerical integration. The most distant objects presently known (approaching redshift z = 5) have implied ages of $\approx$ 1-2 Gyr after the the Big Bang. The range of such age is narrow, in spite of a variety of cosmological models one might choose. We give a graphical representation of a variety of cosmological models and show that a wide range of Hubble constants and values of the age and density of the universe compatible with modern studies are consistent with adoption of a positive cosmological constant.

The accelerating expansion of the universe is the cause of gravitation

Abstract: The source of Newton's force equation is a binary function which variables are mass M and distance . r By the differential course from the function to the equation we can see that the accelerating expansion of the universe is the cause of gravitation. The universe that is accelerating expanding is a non-inertial frame. Gravitational force is just inertial force.

Particle Physics and the New Cosmology

Abstract: During the past year, astounding progress has been made in the development of a radically new theory of the evolution of the early Universe. The new theory derives from the possibility that the Universe underwent a symmetry breaking phase transition in its early history that was strongly first order. During such a transition, the Universe can supercool into a metastable phase with a large vacuum energy density which results in a period of exponential expansion. It has recently been shown that in special types of first order transitions the Universe can escape from the metastable phase to a stable phase. Without a vacuum energy density contribution to the total energy density, the Universe returns to the expansion rate found in the hot big bang model. The existence of an epoch of exponential growth leads to a natural explanation of the cosmological homogeneity, isotropy, flatness, monopole and domain wall problems that plague the standard hot big bang model. The new cosmology has also been shown to lead to a (nearly) scale invariant spectrum of density perturbations in the early Universe, just the spectrum many cosmologists believe is necessary to explain the evolution of galaxies and clusters in our Universe.

Theory of Transitional Universe (New Model of Space-Time)

Abstract: This is a theory that makes macroscopic predictions based on the principle of duality as universal constant in space-time continuum, which is finite in its infinity due to integrated horizon and inherent reverse polarity.It implies that there is an absolute frame of reference in our uniform double cone space-time model (as observed in cosmos) which shows that the state of our universe is a deterministic function of its previous state of a primordial universe where the rotating mass of first order extended in our universe to second order in the angular momentum. Locality assumes that the current state of space-time is determined by the states of a fixed number of previous time steps. Discretized difference equations use at least the current and previous time steps if they are second order systems like the wave equation. Physical quantities come in pairs which are called conjugate quantities. According to quantum mechanics, under some conditions, a pair of quantum systems may be described by a single wave function, which encodes the probabilities of the outcomes of experiments that may be performed on the two systems, whether jointly or individually.It means that space-time is not flat per Einstein-Minkowski and that there couldn’t be a singular event of a Big Bang due to a single, primitive force (“primeval atom”), which allegedly caused a sudden “birth’ of space-time without a preceding event -- past “conception” of our universe in a primordial universe. Accordingly, our 4D time-space model comprises a cross-like string structure with an integrated spiral timeframe that enables no analogy spacecrafts to traverse space unimpeded, as described in this article.