Particle horizon

About: Particle horizon is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2096 publications have been published within this topic receiving 69137 citations.

Thermodynamic and cosmological parameters of early stages of the Universe

Abstract: The early Universe was characterized by the presence of heavy particles that decoupled at different temperatures leading to different phases of the Universe. This had a consequences on the time evolution of the thermodynamic and the cosmological parameters characterizing each phase of the early Universe. In this study, we derive the analytic expressions of the equations governing the time evolution of these parameters in the early eras of the Universe namely, the radiation era, the quark-gluon plasma era, the hadron era and the mixed era. The parameters under concern include the energy density, the entropy density, the temperature, the pressure in addition to Hubble parameter and the scale factor. Having these expressions allows us to give estimations of the times corresponding to the beginning and ending of each era of the Universe as will be presented in this work.

Universe: the dynamics of the minimum and maximum expansion states

Abstract: Abstract Two proposals stand out in describing the evolution of the Universe; the predominant one predicts that the expansion began at a certain instant and will not preserve a variation of energy that performs work; flat Universe (Ω = 1) is advocated by relativistic calculations and observational data, with an end at its maximum expansion (3D Space); the other proposal considers that the Universe is cyclical, always alternating phases of expansion and contraction. This article aims to demonstration that these two perspectives can be correct by not being distinct, but complementary. Supported by the immutability of physical laws, analyses of concepts define an exclusive presence of 1D Space in static states of minimum and maximum expansion of the Universe. With our Universe (3D Space) created and existing between these extreme states, each dynamic is highlighted and completes the usual relativity. The concept of absolute rest energy (1D Space) become applicable; thus, the complete evolution of the Universe is described as spatially dynamic in a perpetual time dimension, always recreating our Universe, and making possible a relative maintenance of any existence.

MBR as the relic of big bang

Abstract: In this talk I outline some of the arguments in support of a cosmological and primordial origin of the observed microwave background radiation (MBR) in the early hot phase of the universe. This interpretation of the MBR is at the heart of the hot Big Bang model (HBBM) of the universe. The observed Planckian energy distribution of the microwave photons reflects the thermal equilibrium that can be set up naturally within HBBM in the dense early universe. Alternate interpretations face the challenge of extremely tight constraints on deviations from a Planckian distribution. Within HBBM, the formation of large scale structure is linked to tiny anisotropies in the angular distribution of the MBR photons. Recent measurements of these anisotropies seem to be broadly consistent with the predictions of the current scenarios of structure formation in the universe. Since these predictions are based on HBBM, the concurrence of data with theory provides additional support in favour of viewing the MBR as the relic of Big Bang.

An Alternative View of the Universe Structure (on the invalidity of the four dimensional space-time concept)

Abstract: The model of the Universe in this paper uses equations of the unperturbed Keplerian motion. They have been updated, complementied and generalized when the solution of these equations is the characteristic function of a random value from the theory of probabilities. Argument of the differential equation in this case is any more time, an interval of time between sections of a random stationary prosess. In this paper this time interval is referred to as flexible (elastic) time due to its many non-trivial properties. It is proved flexible time does not depend on the space which makes invalid the four dimensional space-time concept. The Universe becomes stationary and Eucledian. It is proved: 1. the advavce of Mercury's perihelion versus the predictions in accordance with the universal gravity law results inequality of the coefficients in the correlation equations of Keplerian moution along axes x, y and z; 2. the velocity of propagation of harmonic oscillation in the Uneverse is not constant; 3. long-range interaction, i.e. instantaneous communication between any two points of space in tne Universe is possible; 4. the Universe is a closed-loop informatiom-energy system which revives the nature and acts as a barrier to the second law of thermodynamics where stars are treated as machines which accumulate energy by moving. Physics in the Universe is conceptually different from that of the Earth and, respectively, needs methods of investigation different from the ones which are used today. Numerous astronomical supervision and the researches lead by known astrophysicist N.A.Kozyrev personally or under his management confirm adequacy of the model in the present paper.

Is the expansion of universe accelerating or the Photons decelerating

Abstract: Astronomical observations of the cosmological red-shift are currently interpreted in terms of ‘expansion of universe’ and ‘accelerated-expansion of the universe’, at the rate of H 0 c ; here H 0 is Hubble’s constant, and c is the speed of light. Whereas a straight-forward derivation presented here suggests that: rather it is the photon which is decelerating, at the rate of H 0 c . Such a deceleration of photons can be caused by virtual electrons, positrons and pi-mesons, contained in the extra galactic quantum vacuum, because: they do have gravitational-acceleration of the same order as H 0 c at their “surfaces”; or by decay of a photon into a lighter photon and a particle of mass h H 0 / c 2 . Tired-light interpretations of the cosmological red-shift’ were so far considered as not compatible with the observations of ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’; so in a paper titled: “Wave-theoretical insight into the relativistic ‘length-contraction’ and ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’” (Tank, Hasmukh K. 2013), it has been already shown that any mechanism which can cause ‘cosmological red-shift’ will also cause ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’. Therefore, we now need not to remain confined to the Big-Bang model of cosmology.