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Showing papers on "Patch antenna published in 1978"


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the radiation characteristics of the first higher order mode of microstrip lines are investigated, and a simple travelling wave antenna element is scribed, having a larger bandwidth compared with resonator antennas.
Abstract: The radiation characteristics of the first higher order mode of microstrip lines are investigated. As a result, a simple travelling wave antenna element is scribed, having a larger bandwidth compared with resonator antennas. A method to excite the first higher order mode is shown. A single antenna element is treated theoretically and experimentally, and an array of four antenna elements is demonstrated.

338 citations


Patent
27 Mar 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a spring tunable antenna for mounting to the frame of a vehicle is described, which includes a base adapted to be mounted on the vehicle, a flexible rod supported at its lower end in the base, and a low-resistance wire conductor wound helically around the rod.
Abstract: A spring tunable antenna for mounting to the frame of a vehicle. The antenna includes a base adapted to be mounted on the vehicle, a flexible rod supported at its lower end in the base, and a low-resistance wire conductor wound helically around the rod. The conductor windings in the tip region of the rod are selectively movable, whereby the antenna may be tuned.

49 citations


Patent
16 Feb 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a spatial scanning system is proposed where each network is coupled to the common transmission line through a variable phase shifter so that the radiation patterns of the apertures combine to define a beacon of predetermined fine pointing direction.
Abstract: An antenna for transmitting or receiving, for limited fine scan or wide angle scan, or for producing multiple beams has a plurality antenna radiators or receivers (apertures) in a linear array, coupled to a smaller plurality of antenna networks so that many of the antenna apertures are coupled to two of the networks and the networks are all coupled to a common transmission line. For a spatial scanning system, each network is coupled to the common transmission line through a variable phase shifter so that the radiation patterns of the apertures combine to define a beacon of predetermined fine pointing direction that can be used to spatially sweep a sector by varying the phase shifters according to a predetermined schedule. Furthermore, by shifting the point of feed to the networks, the pointing direction is caused to switch in relatively large steps, from one sector to another sector.

48 citations


Patent
28 Jul 1978
TL;DR: A conformal antenna having a microstrip patch centered below a slot in a undplane and covered by a dielectric window and coupled to a stripline feed was proposed in this article.
Abstract: A conformal antenna having a microstrip patch centered below a slot in a undplane and covered by a dielectric window and coupled to a stripline feed.

44 citations


Patent
16 May 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, variable impedance devices (e.g., series resonant circuits and/or transmission line tuning stubs) are connected to predetermined locations on a microstrip radiator patch for changing the effective resonant dimensions of the antenna as a function of frequency and thereby permitting operation over a broad range of frequencies.
Abstract: Variable impedance devices (e.g., series resonant circuits and/or transmission line tuning stubs) are connected to predetermined locations on a microstrip radiator patch for changing the effective resonant dimensions of the antenna as a function of frequency and thereby permitting operation over a broad range of frequencies.

44 citations


Patent
10 Oct 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a ground plane and at least two stacked microstrip elements with each microstrip element comprising a conducting plane and a layer of dielectric material are configured so that they resonate at closely spaced frequencies.
Abstract: The structure includes a ground plane and at least two stacked microstrip elements with each microstrip element comprising a conducting plane and a layer of dielectric material. The conducting planes and the intermediate dielectric layers are configured so that they resonate at closely spaced frequencies. Each conducting plane in the structure, except the top one, includes an opening which is large enough to permit sufficient electric field coupling to occur between the microstrip elements so that the individual response characteristics of the conducting planes merge to form a broadband response characteristic. The antenna of the present invention thus has a substantially improved bandwidth over prior art microstrip antennas.

43 citations


Patent
23 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a corner fed electric microstrip dipole antenna consisting of a thin eleccally conducting, rectangular shaped radiating element formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, the ground plane being on the opposite surface.
Abstract: A corner fed electric microstrip dipole antenna consisting of a thin eleccally conducting, rectangular shaped radiating element formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, the ground plane being on the opposite surface. The feed point is located at one corner of the antenna element and the input impedance is matched with a matching microstrip transmission feed line connected to the corner of the antenna. The length of the radiating element is greater than the width and determines the resonant frequency along the Y axis (i.e., length dimension) and the width determines the resonant frequency along the Z axis (i.e., width dimension). This antenna is capable of generating linear polarized radiation along the length thereof with minimal cross-polarization when the radiating element width dimension approaches one-quarter waveguide wavelength and less using a single corner fed element and single feed point. Elliptical polarization is also available with the rectangular radiating element.

42 citations


Patent
03 Mar 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for determining antenna near-fields from measurements on a spherical surface is proposed, where phase and intensity values are measured by scanning a probe antenna over the spherical surface, and the field at the antenna is computed utilizing the complex conjugate of the measured field.
Abstract: A method for determining antenna near-fields from measurements on a spherical surface. Phase and intensity values are measured by scanning a probe antenna over a spherical surface. The method applies both to planar or conformal antennas. The spherical surface may be in the Fresnel or Fraunhofer regions. The field at the antenna is computed utilizing the complex conjugate of the measured field. As a result, the source antenna at the point at which the antenna radiating field is evaluated is inside the measurement surface. Far-field patterns can be computed from the near-fields reconstructed from the spherical hologram surface.

40 citations


Patent
17 Jul 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a microstrip antenna is disclosed having an etched metal radiator element including a polarizing patch consisting of a two dimensional removal of metallization from the central portion of the radiator element with one dimension of the polarization patch being greater than the other dimension.
Abstract: A microstrip antenna is disclosed having an etched metal radiator element including a polarizing patch consisting of a two dimensional removal of metallization from the central portion of the radiator element with one dimension of the polarization patch being greater than the other dimension e.g. an elongated rectangle and selectively oriented with respect to the input axis whereby, for example, circular polarization is achieved by means of orienting the polarization patch substantially 45° with respect to the input axis.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
J. Montgomery1
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the scattering by an infinite periodic array of microstrip disks is made using a Galerkin solution of a vector integral equation, which is examined for convergence and compared with theory and experiment.
Abstract: An analysis of the scattering by an infinite periodic array of microstrip disks is made using a Galerkin solution of a vector integral equation. The solution is examined for convergence and compared with theory and experiment. The solution is used to minimize the loss and maximize the bandwidth of the element in a reflectarray configuration.

29 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1978
TL;DR: An electromagnetically coupled (EMC) member of the microstrip dipole antenna family is described in this paper, where several configurations differing in the dipole location and in the amount of electric and magnetic coupling to the micro-strip line yield different bandwidths, efficiencies and construction simplicity.
Abstract: An electromagnetically Coupled (EMC) member of the microstrip dipole antenna family is described. Several configurations differing in the dipole location and in the amounts of electric and magnetic coupling to the micro-strip line yield different bandwidths, efficiencies and construction simplicity. The transformer action inherent in EM coupling allows a wide variation in matching conditions. Radiation characteristics of the element and examples of arrays constructed with the element are described.

Patent
06 Dec 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrically small, microstrip radiator designed for small-diameter mile applications is presented, which includes a cylindrical tube of epoxy fiberglass dielectric having a spiral conducting strip formed thereon.
Abstract: An electrically small, microstrip radiator designed for small-diameter mile applications. The preferred embodiment comprises a cylindrical tube of epoxy fiberglass dielectric having a spiral conducting strip formed thereon. The tubular construction permits the antenna to be conformally mounted to the surface of the missile. RF input coupling may be achieved by an inductive post, and high radiation efficiency is obtained by strongly coupling RF currents to the body of the missile and exciting the dipolar mode of radiation. The design includes means for mechanically tuning the antenna over a narrow frequency range. The resultant spiral-slot antenna produces an axially polarized radiation field and a dipole radiation pattern with isotropic gain in a low cost and rugged construction.

Patent
13 Mar 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a microstrip antenna with an output termination which can be open-circuited or short-circuited, and at varying lengths, to change the frequency at which the micro-strip antenna can be made resonant.
Abstract: A microstrip antenna design according to which a plurality of resonant frencies can be obtained for a given size radiator, to increase the usefulness of the antenna by providing for frequency diversity operation and by making the microstrip antenna tunable over a range of frequencies. As will be seen, the microstrip antenna is provided with an output termination which can be open-circuited or short-circuited, and at varying lengths, to change the frequency at which the microstrip antenna can be made resonant.

Patent
22 Jun 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a system for correcting for dispersion in a beam radiated by a flat microwave antenna due to variations in the frequency of operation by providing an electronically controlled phase shift of the beam in the plane of the dispersion is presented.
Abstract: A system for correcting for dispersion in a beam radiated by a flat microwave antenna due to variations in the frequency of operation by providing an electronically controlled phase shift of the beam in the plane of the dispersion. The methods consist of combining with the flat antenna a matrix of particular wire conductors of which certain are controlled such that the phase shift introduced by the matrix is able to correct for the dispersion of the flat antenna.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Fresnel reflection coefficient technique is employed to establish an E -field integral equation for the antenna current, and an optimization technique is discussed for determining the value of critical loading, which enforces a traveling wave current on the antenna.
Abstract: The Fresnel reflection coefficient technique is employed to establish an E -field integral equation for the antenna current. A resistive loading of the form \Lambda(x) = \Lambda_{0}/(1 - |x|/L) is used to load the antenna. An optimization technique is discussed for determining the value of critical loading \Lambda_{0}^{c} , which enforces a traveling wave current on the antenna. Results are given for the critical loading parameters, antenna currents, input impedances and radiation patterns versus different antenna dimensions and ground permittivities and conductivities. Some representative time-domain results for such loaded antennas are also included.


Patent
18 Dec 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a transmission/reception antenna for electromagnetic energy of a selected wavelength is described, where the antenna features a central radiation effective expanse which, in the case of transmission, functions as a driven element, and in the presence of reception, function as a main receiving element.
Abstract: A transmission/reception antenna for electromagnetic energy of a selected wavelength. The antenna features a central radiation-effective expanse which, in the case of transmission, functions as a driven element, and in the case of reception, functions as a main receiving element. Cooperating with this expanse is a focusing lens which produces simultaneously on opposite sides of the antenna a pair of symmetrically spaced focal points relative to the expanse--such points being separated by a distance substantially equaling one-half the mentioned selected wavelength.

Patent
20 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the upper antenna consists of four radials 36" long and an upper element, and the lower antenna comprises a sleeve and radial elements, and is used for transmitting at 140 MHz.
Abstract: The configuration consists of two antennae on the same mast. The upper anna is a ground plane capable of two frequency bands of operation. The lower antenna comprises a sleeve and radial elements. The upper antenna consists of four radials 36" long and an upper element. The two bands of operation covered by the upper antenna are 80 MHz and 150 MHz. Band selection is accomplished by selection of the correct upper mast element. This element is removable. A 34" long element is used for 80 MHz operation and a 14" long element for 150 MHz operation. This antenna is nondirectional and is used for transmitting. The lower antenna consists of four radials 22" long and an upper and lower sleeve. The radials are insulated from the mast and connected to the center conductor of the coax. The upper sleeve is a portion of this antenna and also isolates the antenna from the mast. The only use of the lower sleeve is to provide isolation of the antenna from the mast and coaxial cable. This antenna is nondirectional and used for receiving at 140 MHz. The upper and lower antenna are isolated by 20 dB.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Parallel coupled microstrip lines in an inhomogeneons medium are studied in this article, where the quasi-static capacitance is shown to be linear with regard to the dielectric constant epsilon/sub r/ simplifying the formalism used for analyzing microstrip filters.
Abstract: Parallel coupled microstrip lines in an inhomogeneons medium are studied. The quasi-static capacitance is shown to be linear with regard to the dielectric constant epsilon/sub r/ simplifying the formalism used for analyzing microstrip filters. The electromagnetic advantages of the homogeneous medium carry over to the inhomogeneous medium. This result is obtained by equalizing all the velocities of the propagation modes.

Patent
03 Jul 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a corner fed electric microstrip dipole antenna consisting of a thin eleccally conducting, square shaped radiating element formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, the ground plane being on the opposite surface.
Abstract: A corner fed electric microstrip dipole antenna consisting of a thin eleccally conducting, square shaped radiating element formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, the ground plane being on the opposite surface. The feed point is located at one corner of the antenna element and the input impedance is matched with a matching microstrip transmission feed line connected to the corner of the antenna. The sides of the radiating element are all equal. The length of the element determines the resonant frequency along the Y axis and the width determines the resonant frequency along the Z axis. This antenna is capable of generating elliptical and circular polarized radiation when reactively loaded using a single element and single feed point.

Patent
01 Sep 1978
TL;DR: An antenna assembly consisting of elementary driven antenna elements and curvilinear end-fire directors on a conventional supporting structure can obtain an omnidirectional or other desired antenna pattern, even for supporting structures of relatively large transverse dimensions.
Abstract: An antenna assembly comprising elementary driven antenna elements and curvilinear end-fire directors on a conventional supporting structure to obtain an omnidirectional or other desired antenna pattern, even for supporting structures of relatively large transverse dimensions. The end-fire directors employ one or more curved conductive members.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the responsivity of monolithic-type Schottky-diode detectors with a dipole resonant antenna has been improved using a dielectric plate antenna.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method for altering the resonant length of a square micro-strip antenna is described, and the relevant analysis and computations have been carried out to propose a possibility of realising a microstrip antenna having comparatively smaller dimensions and larger bandwidth.
Abstract: A method for altering the resonant length of a square micro-strip antenna is described. The relevant analysis and computations have been carried out to propose a possibility of realising a microstrip antenna having comparatively smaller dimensions and larger bandwidth.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of coupling between two microstrip transmission lines, coupled together through small apertures in the common ground plane, is presented, and the experimental results compare well with theory.
Abstract: An analysis of coupling between two microstrip transmission lines, coupled together through small apertures in the common ground plane, is presented. The experimental results compare well with theory.

Patent
12 May 1978
TL;DR: In this article, an effective technique for phase adjustment in a microstrip coupling network makes use of a field altering structure positioned adjacent the microstrip, which shifts the angular location of the effective element radiation pattern.
Abstract: In an array antenna system having a coupling network interconnecting a plurality of element groups, the coupling network is provided with phase adjustments to shift the angular location of the effective element radiation pattern. An effective technique for this phase adjustment in a microstrip coupling network makes use of a field altering structure positioned adjacent the microstrip.

Patent
13 Jan 1978
TL;DR: An antenna comprising a collinear array of "thick" and "thin" elements is selected to produce a given current distribution so that when the antenna is vertically polarized a circular horizontal plane pattern and a highly directional vertical plane pattern are produced which has a single principal lobe directed generally at the horizon as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An antenna comprising a collinear array of "thick" and "thin" elements selected to produce a given current distribution so that when the antenna is vertically polarized a circular horizontal plane pattern and a highly directional vertical plane pattern are produced which has a single principal lobe directed generally at the horizon.

Patent
30 May 1978
TL;DR: A whip antenna as mentioned in this paper is constructed in three sections which screw together end-to-end to form the complete antenna, each section comprises a flexible fiberglass rod which is surrounded by a sleeve of braided copper wire over a major part of its length, this sleeve serving to pass radio frequency current along the section during use of the antenna.
Abstract: A whip antenna is constructed in three sections which screw together end-to-end to form the complete antenna. Each section comprises a flexible fiberglass rod which is surrounded by a sleeve of braided copper wire over a major part of its length, this sleeve serving to pass radio frequency current along the section during use of the antenna. Two of the sections also each provide a capacitor which is connected in the radio frequency path along the antenna. Each of these capacitors is formed by two strips of copper tape which constitute the capacitor electrodes and which lie opposing one another on the surface of the fiberglass rod of the appropriate section.

01 Feb 1978
TL;DR: The radio frequency characteristics and design parameters for microstrip disk antenna elements and planar arrays are presented and two C-band model arrays were designed and tested to demonstrate the technique of using microstrip elements for array applications.
Abstract: The radio frequency characteristics and design parameters for microstrip disk antenna elements and planar arrays are presented. Two C-band model arrays (an 8 element linear and an 8 by 8 planar) were designed, fabricated, and tested to demonstrate the technique of using microstrip elements for array applications. These arrays were designed with a cosine amplitude distribution.

Patent
06 Feb 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a radio antenna is disclosed, formed in part by an antenna pattern bonded to an inner surface of a glass substrate, made of an electrically conductive material.
Abstract: A radio antenna is disclosed. The antenna is formed in part by an antenna pattern bonded to an inner surface of a glass substrate. The antenna pattern is made of an electrically conductive material. The antenna pattern has an antenna portion and a terminal portion. An electrical connection is made to the terminal portion. The electrical connection provides a seal for the connection which eliminates dust and moisture attack thereon. The electrical connection is formed in a simple and efficient operation.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the difference between the several modes, i.e., the guided modes, the radiation modes and the leaky waves are clarified, and computed results as well as experimental results of different mode characteristics are presented.
Abstract: Planar waveguides like microstrip and microslot have been used not only as waveguides but also for radiation purposes (microstrip antenna). Therefore, the paper tries to give a clear description of waveguide characteristics as well as radiation characteristics of planar waveguides. The difference between the several modes, i. e. the guided modes, the radiation modes and the leaky waves are clarified. Moreover, computed results as well as experimental results of different mode characteristics are presented.