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Showing papers on "Patch antenna published in 1995"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a coaxially-fed single-layer single-patch wideband microstrip antenna in the form of a rectangular patch with a U-shaped slot is discussed, achieving 10-40% impedance bandwidth without the need of adding parasitic patches in another layer or in the same layer.
Abstract: A coaxially-fed single-layer single-patch wide-band microstrip antenna in the form of a rectangular patch with a U-shaped slot is discussed. Measurements showed that this antenna can attain 10-40% impedance bandwidth without the need of adding parasitic patches in another layer or in the same layer.< >

742 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Rod Waterhouse1
TL;DR: In this paper, the advantages of microstrip patch technology over its competitors is its low profile and hence small volume, and the relative ease in which it can be connected to the feed network, as was highlighted in Chapter 2.
Abstract: As stated in Chapter 1, one of the many advantages of microstrip patch technology over its competitors is its low profile and hence small volume. Another key advantage of this printed antenna is the relative ease in which it can be connected to the feed network, as was highlighted in Chapter 2. For these reasons antenna design engineers deduced that microstrip patch antennas could be utilized for applications requiring where there was very limited space to mount the antenna. One such global application is for wireless communication handset terminals.

399 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a new patch antenna is analyzed which provides dual-frequency operation by means of two narrow slots close to the patch radiating edges, and the ratio between the two frequencies can be well controlled within a range varying from 1.6 to 2, by using simple semi-empirical formulas derived from a physical model.
Abstract: A new patch antenna is analysed which provides dual-frequency operation by means of two narrow slots close to the patch radiating edges. The two modes of operations show similar radiating properties. The ratio between the two frequencies can be well controlled within a range varying from 1.6 to 2, by using simple semi-empirical formulas derived from a physical model and tested by using a fullwave analysis. To obtain a more extended range of this frequency ratio, two tuning microstrip stubs are introduced on a back substrate. Satisfactory performances of simultaneous matching when using a single feed point is demonstrated. Several measurements are shown for both the input impedance and the radiation pattern.

357 citations


Book
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the SSFIP principle is used to describe structure material properties design principles examples of realization, such as microstrip structures waves on microstrips microstrip lines significant advantages main design problems.
Abstract: Part 1 General background: microstrip structures waves on microstrips microstrip lines significant advantages main design problems. Part 2 Microstrip antennas: patch resonators antenna feeds simple models broadbanding. Part 3 SSFIP principle: description of structure material properties design principles examples of realization. Part 4 Theoretical developments: Maxwell's equations potentials and wave equations free space Green's function boundary conditions stratified Green's function method of moments mixed potential integral equation finite size antenna. Part 5 Dual polarization antennas: definitions scattering matrix dual polarization circular polarization. Part 6 Antenna arrays: periodic arrays broadside arrays shaped beams. Part 7 Fabrication techniques: the substrate metallization photolithographic process feed layout design. Part 8 Measurement techniques: circuit measurements antenna measurements substrate properties near fields.

250 citations


Patent
05 Apr 1995
TL;DR: The microstrip antenna as mentioned in this paper includes a conductive ground plane and a number of conductive broken loops which extend from a first end to an opposed second end for transmitting and receiving signals.
Abstract: The microstrip antenna includes a conductive ground plane and a number of conductive broken loops which extend from a first end to an opposed second end. The first ends of each of the broken loops are connected to a feedline conductor for transmitting and receiving signals. In addition, the second end of each broken loop is spaced apart from the respective first end of the broken loop to define the broken loop. Further, a layer of dielectric material, such as a printed circuit board, can be disposed between the ground plane and a plurality of broken loops. Thus, by appropriately selecting the respective lengths of the broken loops, the frequency range over which the microstrip antenna transmits and receives signals can be tuned. In addition, the microstrip antenna is relatively thin so as to be disposed flush with the surface of a mounting platform within a relatively shallow cavity. In addition, the microstrip antenna can be shaped to conform with the complexly shaped mounting platform while still providing reception and transmission over a broadband of frequencies.

201 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
18 Jun 1995
TL;DR: The article concentrates on the bandwidth study of a form of reflectarray that uses identical patches with different-length transmission delay lines attached to compensate for the spatial phase delays.
Abstract: A microstrip reflectarray is a flat reflector antenna that can be conformally mounted onto its supporting structure without consuming a significant amount of real estate and without adding significant mass. The article concentrates on the bandwidth study of a form of reflectarray that uses identical patches with different-length transmission delay lines attached to compensate for the spatial phase delays. This antenna suffers from one major shortcoming, its limited bandwidth. A new concept of mechanically phased reflectarray is also presented.

192 citations


Patent
26 May 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a flip-chip connection between the circuit and the microstrip line was proposed, where instead of the through hole, the antenna was coupled to the circuit portion electromagnetically.
Abstract: An antenna apparatus comprises: a first chip having: a substrate; a ground film on the substrate; a dielectric film on the ground film; a micro-patch antenna on the dielectric film; a microstrip line extending from the micro-patch antenna; and an in/output microstrip line on the dielectric film; a second chip having a circuit for effecting an operation with the antenna; and a connecting portion for fixing the second chip to the first chip by providing mechanical and electrical connection (flip-chip bonding) between the circuit and the microstrip line and between the circuit and the in/output microstrip line. The substrate comprises a silicon, a GaAs substrate, or a dielectric substrate. The antenna may be provided on the bottom surface of the substrate and be provided on a third substrate also connected by the flip-chip bonding wherein the second chip and the antenna is connected using a through hole. Instead of the through hole, the antenna is coupled to the circuit portion electromagnetically. The substrate may have a hollow portion and the second chip may be accommodated in the hollow portion and the antenna may be provided on a third chip covering the second chip.

188 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar microstrip reflectarray antenna with two equal microstrip delay lines connected to its two orthogonal feeding points is used as the antenna element of the planar reflectarray.
Abstract: This paper presents the study and prototype demonstration of the concepts of antenna focusing, cross-polarization reduction, and multiple-polarization capability of a planar microstrip reflectarray antenna. A square patch with two equal microstrip delay lines connected to its two orthogonal feeding points is used as the antenna element of the planar reflectarray. The length of the delay lines, which varies from patch to patch, is schematically designed to focus the plane wave to the feed point. The measured overall efficiency of the prototype antenna is above 50% in the normal operating band, and in some frequency ranges the efficiency has reached 70%. The experimental patterns show that the measured cross polarization due to special arrangement of the delay lines is quite low at the direction of the main beam. X-polarization and Y-polarization measured data show that the antenna is suitable for multiple-polarization applications (dual linear and dual circular). Surprisingly, the antenna has achieved approximately greater than 7% of gain bandwidth (-3 dB gain drop). These results demonstrate the feasibility of such an antenna for radar and communication system applications. >

173 citations


15 Feb 1995
TL;DR: A microstrip reflectarray is a flat reflector antenna that can be mounted conformally onto a spacecraft's outside structure without consuming a significant amount of spacecraft volume and mass.
Abstract: A microstrip reflectarray is a flat reflector antenna that can be mounted conformally onto a spacecraft's outside structure without consuming a significant amount of spacecraft volume and mass For large apertures (2 m or larger), the antenna's reflecting surface, being flat, can be more easily and reliably deployed than a curved parabolic reflector This article presents the study results on a microstrip reflect-array with circular polarization Its efficiency and bandwidth characteristics are analyzed Numerous advantages of this antenna system are discussed Three new concepts using this microstrip reflectarray are also proposed

145 citations


Patent
09 Jun 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar antenna array is designed as a multiple-layer structure consisting of the following elements arranged one below the other: a dielectric cover (1) with reflecting elements on its inner surface; a conductive layer (5) with a plurality of radiating apertures (4); an exciter element and two power circuits for the reception/transmission of signals of differing polarisation; and a screen layer (7).
Abstract: The invention relates to radio technology, more specifically to strip antenna arrays used for the direct reception of satellite television broadcasts. The problem addressed by the invention is that of producing a simple, reliable and efficient planar antenna array for receiving signals of differing polarisations, and of producing a microstrip radiating element with double circular polarisation which is highly efficient across a broad frequency band. The proposed planar antenna array is designed as a multiple-layer structure consisting of the following elements arranged one below the other: a dielectric cover (1) with reflecting elements on its inner surface; a conductive layer (5) with a plurality of radiating apertures (4); a dielectric sheet (9) on which are arranged exciter elements and two power circuits for the reception/transmission of signals of differing polarisation; and a screen layer (7). The planar antenna array is also provided with an output waveguide arranged centrally, with two pairs of output probes configured at a right angle in the waveguide cross-section. The proposed microstrip radiating element consists of the following elements arranged one below the other: a conductive layer with radiating aperture; a dielectric sheet on which is mounted an exciter element; and a screen layer. The exciter element is formed by two probes configured at a right angle, a loop arranged on the line bisecting the right angle between the probes, and the conductive region situated at a distance from the point of intersection of the probe axes.

141 citations


Patent
24 Mar 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a microstrip antenna for radiating circularly polarized electromagnetic waves comprising a cluster array (20) of at least four microstrip radiator elements (22a-22d), each of which is provided with dual orthogonal coplanar feeds in phase quadrature relation achieved by connection to an asymmetric T-junction power divider (30) impedance notched at resonance.
Abstract: A microstrip antenna for radiating circularly polarized electromagnetic waves comprising a cluster array (20) of at least four microstrip radiator elements (22a-22d), each of which is provided with dual orthogonal coplanar feeds in phase quadrature relation achieved by connection to an asymmetric T-junction power divider (30) impedance notched at resonance. The dual fed circularly polarized reference element is positioned with its axis at a 45° angle with respect to the unit cell axis. The other three dual fed elements in the unit cell are positioned and fed with a coplanar feed structure with sequential rotation and phasing to enhance the axial ratio and impedance matching performance over a wide bandwidth. The centers of the radiator elements are disposed at the corners of a square with each side of a length d in the range of 0.7 to 0.9 times the free space wavelength of the antenna radiation and the radiator elements reside in a square unit cell area of sides equal to 2d and thereby permit the array to be used as a phased array antenna for electronic scanning and is realizable in a high temperature superconducting thin film material for high efficiency.

Patent
07 Dec 1995
TL;DR: In this article, a patch antenna is provided with one or more tuning strips spaced therefrom and RF switches to connect or block RF therebetween, increasing the effective length of the patch and lower the antenna's resonant frequency, thereby allowing the antenna to be frequency tuned electrically over a relatively broadband of frequencies.
Abstract: A patch antenna is provided with one or more tuning strips spaced therefrom and RF switches to connect or block RF therebetween. When RF is connected between the tuning strips and the patch, the tuning strips increase the effective length of the patch and lower the antenna's resonant frequency, thereby allowing the antenna to be frequency tuned electrically over a relatively broadband of frequencies. If the tuning strips are connected to the patch in other than a symmetrical pattern, the antenna pattern of the antenna can be changed.

Patent
01 Nov 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a compact diversity antenna consisting of two electrically isolated orthogonal loop conductors joined at a midpoint is presented, where the two horizontal conductors and the vertical conductor may be constructed to have various relationships with a ground plane of various shapes and sizes.
Abstract: A compact diversity antenna is presented consisting of two electrically isolated orthogonal loop conductors joined at a midpoint. This midpoint is also electrically attached to a vertical conductor which produces a third mode of operation electrically isolated from the first modes. The two horizontal conductors and the vertical conductor may be constructed to have various relationships with a ground plane of various shapes and sizes. Some of the possible feed arrangements for each of the antennas is presented as well as matching and tuning circuits. All three antenna elements are found to have relatively weak near electric and magnetic fields on the ground plane side of the antenna where the ground plane is small in extent. This feature provides for reduced radiation into the head and neck of the cellular phone user.

Patent
17 Feb 1995
TL;DR: An antenna includes one or more conductive elements for acting as radiating antenna elements, and a slow wave meander line adapted to couple electrical signals between the conductive element, wherein the Meander line has an effective electrical length which affects the electrical length and operating characteristics of the antenna as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An antenna includes one or more conductive elements for acting as radiating antenna elements, and a slow wave meander line adapted to couple electrical signals between the conductive elements, wherein the meander line has an effective electrical length which affects the electrical length and operating characteristics of the antenna. The electrical length and operating mode of the antenna may be readily controlled.

Patent
Loek D'hont1
02 Mar 1995
TL;DR: In this article, a powder of small particles of a magnetic soft material of high μ is mixed with a synthetic resin so that a high saturation of magnetic material in the mixture is formed in a vacuum.
Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing a flexible antenna suitable to be incorporated in a badge or similar object. The antenna comprises electrical windings (28, 38) surrounding a flexible antenna core (26, 36). The antenna core (26, 36) is of a material having a high quality factor formed of a plurality of mutually insulated, longitudinally extending chains of magnetic soft material of high μ. According to one embodiment, a powder of small particles of a magnetic soft material of high μ is mixed with a synthetic resin so that a high saturation of magnetic material in the mixture is formed in a vacuum. The mixture is cured in a strong magnetic field so that the particles form chains (18A, 18B, 18C) of the particle parallel to the applied magnetic field.

Patent
12 Dec 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a miniature multi-branch patch antenna suitable for operating in the 1 GHz to 100 GHz frequency range is presented, and a communication system using the same is described.
Abstract: A miniature, multi-branch patch antenna suitable for operating in the 1 GHz to 100 GHz frequency range, a method for making same and a communication system using the same is disclosed. In one embodiment, the antenna comprises a planar dielectric substrate, a plurality of conducting antenna elements each having a feed port, a ground plane and a septum located between each conducting antenna element. In a second embodiment, the antenna comprises a planar dielectric substrate, a plurality of conducting antenna elements each having a feed port, a ground plane and a superstrate that is disposed on the plurality of conducting antenna elements and at least a portion of the dielectric substrate. The septum and the superstrate suppress undesirable coupling mechanisms. In a communication system according to the present invention, the miniature, multi-branch patch antenna is coupled to a transmitter and/or receiver.

Patent
31 Oct 1995
TL;DR: In this article, a transponder includes a microstrip patch antenna having two segments connected together by a switch, each segment being one-half wavelength, the antenna being a full wavelength at the frequency of the interrogating signal.
Abstract: A reader interrogates a transponder attached to a remote object. The transponder includes a microstrip patch antenna having two segments connected together by a switch, each segment being one-half wavelength, the antenna being a full wavelength at the frequency of the interrogating signal. In response to a control signal, the switch is opened and closed, thereby coupling and decoupling the two segments of the microstrip antenna. When the switch is in the closed position, the two segments are out-of-phase with one another, thereby producing a maximum reflected signal. When the switch is in the open position, the two segments act in concert to produce a minimum backscattered signal. The backscatter signal is thus modulated in accordance with the control signal and is received at the reader where it is subsequently decoded to identify the remote object.

Patent
07 Jun 1995
TL;DR: In this article, a slot radiator and a patch radiator are formed in a single antenna which is connected to a handheld, wireless telephone and the antenna can be pivoted to operational positions and excited to radiate linearly-polarized signals or circularlypolarised signals whose radiation patterns are respectively directed azimuthally and elevationally.
Abstract: A slot radiator and a patch radiator are formed in a single antenna which is connected to a handheld, wireless telephone. The antenna can be pivoted to operational positions and excited to radiate linearly-polarized signals or circularly-polarized signals whose radiation patterns are respectively directed azimuthally and elevationally.

Patent
Mohamed Sanad1
15 Jun 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a wide bandwidth, shorted, dual C-patch antenna with a truncated ground plane, a layer of dielectric material having a first surface overlying the ground plane and an opposing second surface, and an electrically conductive layer overlying a second opposing surface of the layer is defined.
Abstract: A wide bandwidth, shorted, dual C-patch antenna includes a truncated ground plane, a layer of dielectric material having a first surface overlying the ground plane and an opposing second surface, and an electrically conductive layer overlying the second opposing surface of the dielectric layer. The electrically conductive layer is differentiated into a plurality of antenna elements including a driven antenna element and at least one non-driven, parasitic antenna element. Each of the antenna elements is in the shape of a parallelogram and has one of a rectangular and a non-rectangular (e.g., parabolic, triangular, pentagonal) aperture having a length that extends along a first edge of the electrically conductive layer and a width that extends towards an oppositely disposed second edge. The length has a value that is equal to approximately 20% to approximately 35% of a length of the first edge. The antenna may further include electrically conductive vias or feedthroughs for shorting the electrically conductive layer to the ground plane at a region adjacent to a third edge of the electrically conductive layer. The wide bandwidth antenna may be curved about one or more axes.

Patent
04 Aug 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a slot antenna is attached to the surface of an equipment case made of a dielectric material, there being provided also a ground plane spaced a small distance apart from the case and behind the antenna.
Abstract: An antenna arrangement is provided in which a slot antenna is attached to the surface of an equipment case made of a dielectric material, there being provided also a ground plane spaced a small distance apart from the case and behind the antenna. The equipment may be a personal computer, e.g. a notebook computer, and the antenna, which may take the form of a copper foil, may be attached to the lid of the computer by an adhesive on its rear surface. The ground plane may, in this case, take the form of an existing display backplane. The invention provides for the realization of a compact antenna arrangement due to the effect of the case dielectric on the effective electrical length of the slot antenna.

Patent
09 Feb 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar dual band antenna comprising three superimposed dielectric layers, ground plane on one external surface, a conductive patch on the other and parallel conductive strips at the interface of dielectrics layers that is closer to the patch is presented.
Abstract: A planar dual band antenna comprising three superimposed dielectric layers, ground plane on one external surface, a conductive patch on the other and parallel conductive strips at the interface of dielectric layers that is closer to the patch. The dielectric constant of the middle layer is different from that of the two other layers.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
18 Jun 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a four microstrip Yagi-Uda antenna array, which consists of four antennas arranged around a common reflector patch, having one antenna active at a time while the remaining three elements are earthed with pin diodes at their feed points.
Abstract: Summary form only given. The article describes a four microstrip Yagi-Uda antenna array. The array consists of four Yagi-Uda antennas arranged around a common reflector patch. This array is electronically steerable, having one antenna active at a time while the remaining three elements are earthed with pin diodes at their feed points. During tests the switching was done by manually swapping the feed and shorting stubs. The linear polarised radiation pattern from the array (single active antenna) at an elevation of 26 degrees above the planar array is presented.

Patent
Mohamed Sanad1
31 Mar 1995
TL;DR: In this article, a partially shorted, dual C-patch antenna is described, which is comprised of a truncated ground plane, a layer of dielectric material, and an electrically conductive layer overlying the ground plane.
Abstract: A module (1') adapted for insertion into a data processor (2). The module includes an interface (40) for electrically coupling the module to the data processor, a modem (42) that is bidirectionally coupled to the interface, an RF energy transmitter (44) having an input coupled to an output of the modem, an RF energy receiver (46) having an output coupled to an input of the modem, and a partially shorted, dual C-patch antenna (20) that is electrically coupled to an output of the RF energy transmitter and to an input of the RF energy receiver. The partially shorted, dual C-patch antenna is comprised of a truncated ground plane (22), a layer of dielectric material (28) having a first surface overlying the ground plane and an opposing second surface, and an electrically conductive layer (30) overlying the second opposing surface of the dielectric layer. The electrically conductive layer forms a radiating patch and has a rectangularly shaped aperture having a length that extends along a first edge of the electrically conductive layer and a width that extends towards an oppositely disposed second edge. The length has a value that is equal to approximately 20% to approximately 35% of a length of the first edge. The antenna further includes electrically conductive vias or feedthroughs (24) for shorting the electrically conductive layer to the ground plane at a region adjacent to a third edge (20a) of the electrically conductive layer.

Patent
16 Feb 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual rectangular patch antenna system was proposed for providing isolation and diversity while eliminating the need for a diplexer or a second transmit/receive switch.
Abstract: The present invention provides a method, dual rectangular patch antenna system, and radio for providing isolation and diversity while eliminating the need for a diplexer or a second transmit/receive switch. The dual rectangular patch antenna system comprises a first rectangular patch antenna (202), a second rectangular patch antenna (204), and a switch (206). Receive path diversity is provided by switching between the first rectangular patch antenna (202) and the second rectangular patch antenna (204).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a probe-fed circular microstrip patch antenna, backed by a circular cavity both in single and in stacked configurations, is used to analyze the effect of a parasitic patch on antenna bandwidth.
Abstract: In this communication, a full wave moment method solution for a probe-fed circular microstrip patch antenna, backed by a circular cavity both in single and in stacked configurations, is used to analyze the effect of a parasitic patch on antenna bandwidth. In addition, the effect of recessing a single patch into the antenna cavity is studied. In both cases, theoretical results for the scattering and radiation characteristics of the antenna are presented. >

Patent
08 Sep 1995
TL;DR: In this article, a frequency selective surface integrated antenna is provided, which comprices a frequency-selective surface, including an electrically non-conductive substrate and a electrically conductive layer mounted to the substrate and having a pattern of apertures.
Abstract: A frequency selective surface integrated antenna is provided which compri a frequency selective surface, including an electrically non-conductive substrate and an electrically conductive layer, mounted to the substrate and having a pattern of apertures; and an antenna integrated in the frequency selective surface.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a moment method analysis of a microstrip antenna fed by an open-end coplanar waveguide is presented, where the surface electric current on the antenna is represented by the entire domain basis functions.
Abstract: A moment method analysis of a microstrip antenna fed by an open-end coplanar waveguide is presented. The surface electric current on the microstrip antenna is represented by the entire domain basis functions, while the surface magnetic currents in the open-end slot and in the slots of the coplanar waveguide near the open end are expanded by the subsectional roof-top basis functions. Some practical numerical aspects are carefully discussed, and a numerical device is introduced to reduce the computation time for the integrals involving roof-top basis functions and the spectral-domain Green's function. The solution accuracy is thus improved. Computed results for the reflection coefficients and input impedances are given and compared with measured values. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. >

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple algebraic formula for the resonant frequency of a circular microstrip disk antenna as a function of the effective radius and of the fringing capacitance has been derived which is valid for electrically-thick dielectric substrates.
Abstract: A simple algebraic formula for the resonant frequency of a circular microstrip disk antenna as a function of the effective radius and of the fringing capacitance has been derived which is valid for electrically-thick dielectric substrates. Accuracy of the theoretical results of resonance is compared with previous theories and measured data. >

Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 May 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the difference between flip chip and wire bond technology is demonstrated, and the influence of a metallic lid on a coplanar waveguide structure is examined, where the flip chip version has a lower insertion loss of the flip-chip interconnections and the higher flexibility of mounting the MMICs directly on the back structure of the planar patch antenna, leading to reduced losses of the feedline.
Abstract: In this paper the difference between flip chip and wire bond technology is demonstrated. Test assemblies with coplanar waveguides have been attached in flip chip and wire bond technology and measured up to 75 GHz. Further, the influence of a metallic lid on a coplanar waveguide structure is examined. To compare flip chip and wire bond interconnections, 51 GHz frontends with GaAs devices in coplanar waveguide technology have been realized. In one frontend the low noise amplifier (LNA) is connected to a planar patch antenna by wire bonding and in a second one by flip chip attachment. RF evaluations show the clear advantage of the flip chip version due to the lower insertion loss of the flip chip interconnections and the higher flexibility of mounting the MMICs directly on the back structure of the planar patch antenna, leading to reduced losses of the feedline. >

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-band circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna using a spurline bandstop filter and a perturbation segment technique was proposed. But the antenna was not designed to increase the length or height of the patch.
Abstract: In the last decade a great effort has been made concerning research on frequency agility of microstrip patch antennas. In all these attempts an increase in length or height of the patch is generally expected and there is a tradeoff between wider bandwidth and good axial ratio. This paper presents the analysis and design of a novel dual-band circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna using a spur-line band-stop filter and a perturbation segment technique. This dual frequency operation can be obtained without increasing either the size or the thickness of the patch while other features are not degraded. >