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Pearlite

About: Pearlite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6028 publications have been published within this topic receiving 65695 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and hardness measurements were used to determine the austenitising kinetics and the stage I and stage II austempering kinetics of a low Mn, Cu iron and a low Ni, Ni-Cu iron during austemming at 300, 370, and 440°C after austenming at 900, 950, and 1000°C.
Abstract: X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and hardness measurements were used to determine the austenitising kinetics and the stage I and stage II austempering kinetics of a low Mn, Cu iron and a low Mn, Ni–Cu iron during austempering at 300, 370, and 440°C after austenitising at 900, 950, and 1000°C. The study of the austenitising kinetics shows that 60 min is sufficient time to produce a constant C austenite content and that the kinetics are influenced strongly by the volume fraction of pearlite in the structure to be austenitised. Decreasing the austenitising temperature is shown to increase the driving force for the stage I reaction but to have only a small effect on the stage II kinetics. This shifts the heat treatment processing window to shorter times and can open a processing window that is closed for higher austenitising temperatures. Decreasing the austenitising temperature results in a more uniform austempered microstructure and reduces the amount of martensite in this structure. Decreasin...

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the local corrosion behavior of welded X70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solution was studied by micro-electrochemical measurements, including scanning vibrating electrode and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of microstructural constituents of high strength steels on their hydrogen delayed fracture properties was investigated, and it was found that the fully pearlitic steel has the higher equilibrium hydrogen content than the tempered martensitic steel.
Abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of the microstructural constituents of high strength steels on their hydrogen delayed fracture properties. For this purpose, a series of constant loading tests, slow strain rate tests, cyclic corrosion tests, and thermal desorption spectrometry analysis was conducted on the hydrogen pre-charged specimens with tempered martensite or full pearlite showing a similar tensile strength level of 1600 MPa. Constant loading tests and slow strain rate tests revealed that the tempered martensitic steel was more susceptible to hydrogen delayed fracture than the fully pearlitic steel. In slow strain rate tests, the maximum tensile strength decreased with increasing diffusible hydrogen content in a power-law manner. The content of hydrogen inflowing from environment was also simulated by cyclic corrosion tests. It was found that the fully pearlitic steel has the higher equilibrium hydrogen content than the tempered martensitic steel. The primary trapping sites were prior austenite grain boundaries for the tempered martensitic steel, and ferrite/cementite interfaces and dislocations for the fully pearlitic steel. SEM fractographs revealed that the cracks induced by hydrogen propagated along the prior austenite grain boundaries resulting in brittle intergranular fracture for the tempered martensitic steel while the fully pearlitic steel was fractured in a ductile manner.

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A set of integrated mathematical models for simulating hot rolling and controlled cooling of wire rods and bars has been developed through extensive laboratory research work and validation against carefully monitored results from industrial mills.
Abstract: A set of integrated mathematical models for simulating hot rolling and controlled cooling of wire rods and bars has been developed through extensive laboratory research work and validation against carefully monitored results from industrial mills.Experimental tests have been carried out on C-Mn and eutectoid steels selected as representative of the various applications of wire rods and bars.Static and dynamic recrystallization of austenite, fraction of transformed austenite, final microstructures and mechanical properties are all calculated by modelling physical phenomena and using quantitative relationships between the microstructural and kinetic parameters and the process variables, i.e. strain, strain rate, temperature and time.The models have been applied to predict the microstructure evolution during hot rolling and to investigate the effect of working conditions and recrystallization mechanisms on the formation of heterogeneous austenitic microstructures.The effects of the cooling pattern on the temperature profile and the austenite phase transformation have also been studied to prevent: coarse pearlite and martensite formation at the centre of wire rods which have cores enriched in C and Mn; surface hardening of bars when water tube cooling systems are used to control the temperature at the cooling beds.The models provide an important insight into the process that is beneficial to enhance the quality of long products.

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1973
TL;DR: In this article, theoretical and experimental studies of proeutectoid-ferrite and pearlite growth are reviewed for systems of the form Fe-C-X, where X is a substitutional alloying element such as Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si, and so forth.
Abstract: It has long been recognized that the effects of alloying elements on the hardenability of steels is related directly to their effects on the nucleation and growth kinetics of proeutectoid and eutectoid austenite decomposition products. In the present paper, theoretical and experimental studies of proeutectoid-ferrite and pearlite growth are reviewed for systems of the form Fe-C-X, where X is a substitutional alloying element such as Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si, and so forth. Of principle interest is the limitation which an alloying element X imposes on the corresponding diffusional growth kinetics. Although the agreement between theory and experiment is reasonable for most systems, there remain areas of considerable controversy (e.g., the role of interface diffusion, whether or not local equilibrium is maintained at interfaces and solute segregation to interfaces).

129 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023148
2022326
2021218
2020271
2019291
2018221