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Peduncle (anatomy)
About: Peduncle (anatomy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 698 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7924 citations.
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637 citations
TL;DR: Balanced partitioning of stem length into upper and lower internodes and internode maximum specific weight are important in genotypic accumulation and mobilization of stem reserves in wheat.
Abstract: Wheat crops grown in dryland areas may depend more on stem reserves for grain filling than on current photosynthesis. We evaluated the hypothesis that internode length, weight, and specific weight of genotypes affect accumulation and mobilization of stem reserves. This knowledge might complement selection in stressful environments. Genotypic variation for internode characteristics and their effects on dry matter accumulation and mobilization were measured at 10-d intervals in 11 diverse wheat cultivars grown under well-watered and droughted field conditions across 2 yr. Relationships among internode characteristics and accumulation and mobilization of stem reserves were determined. The main effect of year, irrigation, genotype, and harvest date and genotype x harvest date interaction were significant. Internode length, weight, and specific weight were reduced under drought. Mobilized dry matter from peduncle, penultimate, and the lower internodes ranged from 43 to 171, 81 to 272, and from 198 to 474 mg, respectively. Mobilized dry matter was less in well-watered than in droughted conditions for peduncle (93 vs. 110 mg) but not for penultimate (173 vs. 143 mg) and the lower internodes (331 vs. 304 mg). Drought increased mobilization efficiency, expressed as percentage of maximum dry mater mobilized, in the peduncle, penultimate, and the lower internodes by 65, 11, and 5%, respectively. Stem maximum specific weight was correlated (r = 0.64) with stem mobilized dry matter. Balanced partitioning of stem length into upper and lower internodes and internode maximum specific weight are important in genotypic accumulation and mobilization of stem reserves in wheat.
156 citations
TL;DR: It was suggested that selection for lodging resistant cultivars should emphasize larger stem diameter and wall thickness of basal internodes and fewer tillers per unit area with heavy spikes.
156 citations
TL;DR: OsHMA5 was mainly expressed in the roots at the vegetative stage but also in nodes, peduncle, rachis, and husk at the reproductive stage, and was up-regulated by excess Cu but not by the deficiency of Cu and other metals, including zinc, iron, and manganese, at the Vegetative stage.
Abstract: Heavy metal-transporting P-type ATPase (HMA) has been implicated in the transport of heavy metals in plants. Here, we report the function and role of an uncharacterized member of HMA, OsHMA5 in rice (Oryza sativa). Knockout of OsHMA5 resulted in a decreased copper (Cu) concentration in the shoots but an increased Cu concentration in the roots at the vegetative stage. At the reproductive stage, the concentration of Cu in the brown rice was significantly lower in the mutants than in the wild-type rice; however, there was no difference in the concentrations of iron, manganese, and zinc between two independent mutants and the wild type. The Cu concentration of xylem sap was lower in the mutants than in the wild-type rice. OsHMA5 was mainly expressed in the roots at the vegetative stage but also in nodes, peduncle, rachis, and husk at the reproductive stage. The expression was up-regulated by excess Cu but not by the deficiency of Cu and other metals, including zinc, iron, and manganese, at the vegetative stage. Analysis of the transgenic rice carrying the OsHMA5 promoter fused with green fluorescent protein revealed that it was localized at the root pericycle cells and xylem region of diffuse vascular bundles in node I, vascular tissues of peduncle, rachis, and husk. Furthermore, immunostaining with an antibody against OsHMA5 revealed that it was localized to the plasma membrane. Expression of OsHMA5 in a Cu transport-defective mutant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strain restored the growth. Taken together, OsHMA5 is involved in loading Cu to the xylem of the roots and other organs.
138 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results using the improved end-effector showed that the fruits were harvested successfully with no damage, and the functions to detect the fruit position and the air pressure in the pad were installed, so that theruits were harvested regardless of the length of their peduncle.
Abstract: Two types of robotic end-effectors capable of harvesting tomato fruits were manufactured based on the physical properties of tomato plant and tested The first prototype end-effector consisted of two parallel plate fingers and a suction pad The fingers pick a fruit off at the joint of its peduncle after the suction cup singulates it by vacuum from other fruits in the same cluster From the results of harvesting experiment, the end-effector could not harvest fruits with a short peduncle because the fruits were detached from the suction pad before they were gripped by the fingers Therefore, the second prototype in which the functions to detect the fruit position and the air pressure in the pad were installed, was made, so that the fruits were harvested regardless of the length of their peduncle Experimental results using the improved end-effector showed that the fruits were harvested successfully with no damage
104 citations