Topic
Penicillin
About: Penicillin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17916 publications have been published within this topic receiving 368480 citations. The topic is also known as: penicillin antibiotic & PCN.
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TL;DR: It is concluded that aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes are responsible for the aminglycoside resistance, and resistance to antibiotic synergism observed in these strains.
Abstract: Clinical isolates of enterococci (Streptococcus faecalis) with high-level resistance to both streptomycin and kanamycin (minimal inhibitory concentration >2,000 mug/ml), and resistant to synergism with penicillin and streptomycin or kanamycin were examined for aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes. All of the 10 strains studied had streptomycin adenylyltransferase and neomycin phosphotransferase activities; the latter enzyme phosphorylated amikacin as well as its normal substrates, such as kanamycin. Substrate profiles of the neomycin phosphotransferase activity suggested that phosphorylation occurred at the 3'-hydroxyl position, i.e., aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase. A transconjugant strain, which acquired high-level aminoglycoside resistance and resistance to antibiotic synergism after mating with a resistant clinical isolate, also acquired both enzyme activities. Quantitative phosphorylation of amikacin in vitro by a sonicate of the transconjugant strain inactivated the antibiotic, as measured by bioassay, and the phosphorylated drug failed to produce synergism when combined with penicillin against a strain sensitive to penicillin-amikacin synergism.No differences were found in the sensitivity of ribosomes from a sensitive and resistant strain when examined in vitro using polyuridylic acid directed [(14)C]-phenylalanine incorporation in the presence of streptomycin, kanamycin, or amikacin. Therefore, we conclude that aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes are responsible for the aminoglycoside resistance, and resistance to antibiotic synergism observed in these strains.
98 citations
TL;DR: A review of the modes of action, spectrums of activity, adverse effects for the various classes of penicillin most often used in primary care and clinical issues in managing women withPenicillin allergy are highlighted.
98 citations
TL;DR: In vitro synergism has been described for many strains of Streptococcus viridans with penicillin and streptomycin; however, the in vivo correlation of this phenomenon is lacking, and the bacteria were eradicated from the cardiac vegetations in approximately one-half of the time.
Abstract: In vitro synergism has been described for many strains of Streptococcus viridans with penicillin and streptomycin; however, the in vivo correlation of this phenomenon is lacking. Rabbits with catheter-induced aortic valve endocarditis caused by S. viridans (MIC, 0.06 [tg/ml) were treated with penicillin, penicillin plus streptomycin, and penicillin plus gentamicin. The bacteria were eradicated from the cardiac vegetations in approximately one-half of the time with the penicillinaminoglycoside combinations (three to four days) than was required with penicillin alone (seven to 10 days), as determined by titrations of viable bacteria from vegetations and relapse after discontinuation of therapy.
98 citations
TL;DR: The crustacean neuromuscular preparation of the ghost crab may provide a useful analogue for understanding penicillin evoked epilepsy, and the reduced chloride conductance could explain decreased inhibition, increased excitation and depolarization shifts in cortical neurons.
97 citations
97 citations