Topic
Penicillin
About: Penicillin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17916 publications have been published within this topic receiving 368480 citations. The topic is also known as: penicillin antibiotic & PCN.
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TL;DR: Based upon hybridization under stringent conditions of plasmid DNA from the S. faecalis strain to cloned penicillinase genes from Staphylococcus aureus, it appears that these resistance determinants are highly homologous and suggests that this enzyme was introduced into streptococci from staphylitis.
Abstract: A strain of Streptococcus faecalis with plasmid-mediated penicillinase production was studied further. Partially purified penicillinase from the S. faecalis strain hydrolyzed penicillin, ampicillin, and ureido-penicillins but not penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, or imipenem; hydrolysis was inhibited by clavulanic acid. Hydrolysis of a given antibiotic correlated with a marked increase in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of that drug when a high inoculum was used. As with most enterococci, the MICs of cephalosporins and penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins were too high for clinical usefulness, although these agents did not show an inoculum effect. Based upon hybridization under stringent conditions of plasmid DNA from the S. faecalis strain to cloned penicillinase genes from Staphylococcus aureus, it appears that these resistance determinants are highly homologous and suggests that this enzyme was introduced into streptococci from staphylococci.
90 citations
TL;DR: Patients with a history of recurrent tonsillitis associated with Group A beta- hemolytic streptococcal infection participated in a prospective, randomized study comparing penicillin, erythromycin, or clindamycin therapy, and found that GABHS colonization was eradicated in two of 15 patients treated withPenicillin.
Abstract: Forty-five patients with a history of recurrent tonsillitis associated with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection participated in a prospective, randomized study comparing penicillin, erythromycin, or clindamycin therapy. Surface tonsillar cultures were obtained before therapy, 10 days after termination of therapy, and once a month for a period of 12 to 18 months. The specimens were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Beta lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 43 of the 45 (96%) tonsillar cultures. GABHS colonization was eradicated in two of 15 patients treated with penicillin, in six of 15 treated with erythromycin, and in 14 of the 15 treated with clindamycin. In long-term follow-up, 12 of 14 patients treated with penicillin, eight of 14 treated with erythromycin, and one of 15 treated with clindamycin (p less than 0.0001 when compared to penicillin and p = 0.002 when compared to erythromycin) continued to suffer from recurrent tonsillitis.
90 citations
TL;DR: Six isolates of Legionnaires disease bacteria were tested for their susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial agents and the most active agent was rifampin (minimal inhibitory concentration, ≤0.01 μg/ml).
Abstract: Six isolates of Legionnaires disease bacteria were tested for their susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial agents. The most active agent was rifampin (minimal inhibitory concentration,
90 citations
TL;DR: The use of gentamicin, tobramycin, and lincomycin in hospitals has increased as has the occurrence of bacterial resistance to these agents, and an antibiotic policy to control their use is essential to preserve their value in life-threatening infections by bacteria resistant to other agents.
90 citations
TL;DR: In vitro data presented here are in agreement with the distinct resistance profiles mediated by these mutations in vivo and underline their role as powerful resistance determinants.
90 citations