Topic
Penicillin
About: Penicillin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17916 publications have been published within this topic receiving 368480 citations. The topic is also known as: penicillin antibiotic & PCN.
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TL;DR: Since 1959, the incidence of penicillin reactions among venereal disease clinic patients has decreased, and the nature, incidence, and trend ofPenicillin reacting among patients in veneral disease clinics has decreased.
Abstract: To determine the nature, incidence, and trend of penicillin reactions among patients in veneral disease clinics, four cooperative surveys were conducted at five-year intervals. In the 1969 survey, 6.6% of 36,048 patients questioned claimed sensitivity to penicillin. Of 27,673 patients treated with penicillin, 0.66% experienced a penicillin reaction, the most frequent allergic reaction being urticaria. The incidence of anaphylaxis was 0.04%. During the four survey periods, one death occurred in 94,655 patients treated with penicillin. Since 1959, the incidence of penicillin reactions among venereal disease clinic patients has decreased.
88 citations
TL;DR: Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen in nosocomial infections and is a problem in hospitals worldwide, and it is increasingly recovered from nursing home residents with established risk factors.
88 citations
TL;DR: Sakaguchi and Murao1 reported on the presence of an enzyme in the mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus oryzae which would split penicillin G into phenylacetic acid and ‘penicin’.
Abstract: Sakaguchi and Murao1 reported on the presence of an enzyme in the mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus oryzae which would split penicillin G (I) into phenylacetic acid (II) and ‘penicin’ (III) :
88 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 1985
88 citations
TL;DR: High-resolution structures for ferrous DAOCS in complex with penicillins, the cephalosporin product, the cosubstrate and the coproduct are described and indicate a reaction sequence in which a 'booby-trapped' oxidizing species is formed.
Abstract: Deacetoxycephalosporin-C synthase (DAOCS) is a mononuclear ferrous enzyme that transforms penicillins into cephalosporins by inserting a carbon atom into the penicillin nucleus. In the first half-reaction, dioxygen and 2-oxoglutarate produce a reactive iron-oxygen species, succinate and CO2. The oxidizing iron species subsequently reacts with penicillin to give cephalosporin and water. Here we describe high-resolution structures for ferrous DAOCS in complex with penicillins, the cephalosporin product, the cosubstrate and the coproduct. Steady-state kinetic data, quantum-chemical calculations and the new structures indicate a reaction sequence in which a ‘booby-trapped’ oxidizing species is formed. This species is stabilized by the negative charge of succinate on the iron. The binding sites of succinate and penicillin overlap, and when penicillin replaces succinate, it removes the stabilizing charge, eliciting oxidative attack on itself. Requisite groups of penicillin are within 1 A of the expected position of a ferryl oxygen in the enzyme–penicillin complex.
88 citations