Topic
Penicillin
About: Penicillin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17916 publications have been published within this topic receiving 368480 citations. The topic is also known as: penicillin antibiotic & PCN.
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TL;DR: The selection of antibiotic-resistant strains has led to a change in the spectrum of serotypes causing invasive disease and to a situation of potential increase in vaccine coverage for the proposed pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
Abstract: Although penicillin-resistant pneumococci (PR-PnC) are recognized as an increasing problem worldwide, data on the prevalence of these strains among pediatric patients are incomplete. The present study was conducted in southern Israel (1) to investigate the frequency of PR-PnC in invasive and middle ear infections in pediatric patients and (2) to assess the impact of resistance on the potential role of the candidate conjugate vaccines in preventing childhood PR-PnC infections. A total of 120 blood or cerebrospinal fluid isolates from 1987 to 1993 and 78 ear isolates from 1992 to 1993 were serogrouped and tested for susceptibility to antibacterial agents. The prevalence of PR-PnC among invasive isolates increased from 16% in the years 1987 to 1991 to 36% in 1992 to 1993 (P = 0.019). This increase was noted mainly for intermediately resistant strains (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.12 to 1.0 micrograms/ml) whereas the prevalence of highly resistant strains was 3 and 2% for the 2 periods, respectively. The prevalence of PR-PnC among ear isolates in 1992 to 1993 was 42%. Resistance to other antimicrobial agents (one or more of the following: tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol) was found in 16 (8%) isolates, and multiple resistance (resistance to > or = 3 antibacterial agents) was found in 9 (5%) isolates. Sixty-five (99%) of the 66 resistant isolates belong to Serogroups 6, 14, 19 and 23. The prevalence of these 4 serogroups rose from 37% in 1987 to 1991 to 66% in 1992 to 1993 (P = 0.043). This rise was mainly because of Serogroup 23, the prevalence of which rose from 3% in 1987 to 1991 to 23% in 1992 to 1993 (P < 0.001). Eighty-five percent of all isolates belonging to Serogroup 23 were resistant to penicillin. Because Serogroups 6, 14, 19 and 23 are among the commonest pediatric pneumococcal strains, the newly developed conjugate pneumococcal vaccines contain these 4 serogroups. The selection of antibiotic-resistant strains has thus led to a change in the spectrum of serotypes causing invasive disease and to a situation of potential increase in vaccine coverage for the proposed pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
79 citations
TL;DR: Of the progress made so far to develop approaches to overcome bacterial resistance to β-lactams, the use of drug carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles seems to hold significant promise, as do structural variants that operate through different biological modes of action.
Abstract: Background: Since its landmark discovery in 1928, penicillin has had a profound impact on the quality of human life The ability to treat and cure deadly infections and bacterial diseases has forever changed our medical profession and way of life, providing unprecedented relief from pain, suffering, and death due to microbial infection Penicillin and its many derivatives have dominated the field of antibiotics research and development, while demonstrating unprecedented success as a therapeutic used around the world The β-lactams, as a family of more than six structural variants all having the 2-azetidinone ring, have worked extremely well against a wide variety of disease-causing pathogens, while exerting little if any toxicity towards mammalian cells Penicillin has truly been a wonder drug However, over the last 60 years, drug resistance to the penicillins has steadily been increasing in frequency and severity, to the point where today there are grave concerns that the β-lactams will soon no longer b
79 citations
TL;DR: In the community, penicillin and macrolide-resistant pneumococci developed several decades ago and are now present all over the world and community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus has become a problem in several countries causing skin infections but also severe diseases.
79 citations
TL;DR: Of 6 patients with penicillin reactions, 3 whose reactions were severe were found to possess the " L. E." factor in the plasma and "L. E".
79 citations
TL;DR: Data suggest that bovine lactoferrin or lactoferricin in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics can increase the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics against S. aureus resistant to antibiotics.
79 citations