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Penicillin

About: Penicillin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17916 publications have been published within this topic receiving 368480 citations. The topic is also known as: penicillin antibiotic & PCN.


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29 Mar 2007
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of penicillin in the era of propaganda, the carefree culture and the third industrial revolution, and the fight against resistance with technology.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Illness, drugs and wonder drugs before penicillin 2. Penicillin from organised science 3. Creating the brand in the era of propaganda 4. Making penicillin across the world 5. The carefree culture and the third industrial revolution 6. Fighting resistance with technology 7. Doctors, patients and the brand 8. Animals, resistance and committees 9. In face of catastrophe Conclusion

157 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study suggests that the incidence and distribution of the tested clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci associated with infections after cardiac surgery do not differ from those in strains from other infections.
Abstract: Multiresistant staphylococci (82 Staphylococcus aureus and 114 coagulase-negative staphylococci) were characterized by testing with rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for species identification and detection of associated antibiotic resistance genes. These 196 staphylococci were isolated from 149 adult patients who developed wound infection after elective coronary artery bypass grafts and/or valve surgery. The multiplex PCR assays allowed identification of the most common staphylococcal species with S. aureus- and Staphylococcus epidermidis-specific primers as well as the detection of the erythromycin resistance genes ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA, the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2"), the oxacillin resistance gene mecA and the penicillin resistance gene blaZ. There was a very good correlation between the genotypic analysis by PCR and the phenotype determined by standard methods of susceptibility testing and identification of staphylococcal species: 100% for erythromycin resistance, 98.0% for gentamicin resistance, 99.0% for oxacillin resistance, 100% for penicillin resistance and 100% for S. aureus and S. epidermidis species identification. This study suggests that the incidence and distribution of the tested clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci associated with infections after cardiac surgery do not differ from those in strains from other infections. These multiplex PCR assays may be used as diagnostic tools to replace or complement standard methods of susceptibility testing and identification of staphylococci.

157 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This antibody is found only in donors who had previously received penicillin, and there is an increased incidence of the antibody in allergic persons.
Abstract: CIRCULATING antipenicillin antibody (CAPA) was first reported by Ley et al.1 During routine blood-banking procedures the serum of a prospective transfusion recipient was found to agglutinate an entire panel of erythrocytes that had been stored with penicillin as part of the preservative; erythrocytes from the same donors, when not exposed to penicillin, were not agglutinated by this serum. Ley and his co-workers1 and Watson, Joubert and Bennett,2 in tests on 2000 and 3000 unselected serums, respectively, found this antibody only in donors who had previously received penicillin. Although there is an increased incidence of the antibody in allergic persons3 4 5 6 7 8 it . . .

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Group B Streptococcus remains the most common culture-confirmed neonatal bacterial infection in the United States and is a significant source of neonatal morbidity globally, andPenicillin G remains the mainstay of therapy, although reduced penicillin susceptibility has been observed in select isolates.
Abstract: Invasive disease due to group B Streptococcus infection (Streptococcus agalactiae) results in a wide spectrum of clinical disease. In North America, serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, and V are most frequently associated with invasive disease. Group B Streptococcus remains a continuing source of morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations, including pregnant women, neonates, and the elderly; an increasing incidence of invasive disease has been observed in nonpregnant adults. Group B Streptococcus remains the most common culture-confirmed neonatal bacterial infection in the United States and is a significant source of neonatal morbidity globally. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of early-onset neonatal disease without a notable impact on the incidence of late-onset neonatal disease. Penicillin G remains the mainstay of therapy, although reduced penicillin susceptibility has been observed in select isolates. Increased frequency of resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, including clindamycin, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones, has been observed, with some isolates demonstrating resistance to vancomycin. The development and implementation of strategies to identify hosts, treat judiciously with antimicrobials with the narrowest spectra, and prevent invasive disease, with vaccines, are essential to reduce the burden of group B Streptococcus disease.

155 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023459
2022907
2021249
2020269
2019221
2018192