Topic
Penicillin
About: Penicillin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17916 publications have been published within this topic receiving 368480 citations. The topic is also known as: penicillin antibiotic & PCN.
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TL;DR: A method was developed for determination of the antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria by use of a single-disc diffusion technique and incorporation of the inoculum in pour plates by correlation of zone diameters with minimal inhibitory concentrations determined in broth.
Abstract: A method was developed for determination of the antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria by use of a single-disc diffusion technique and incorporation of the inoculum in pour plates. The method was standardized by correlation of zone diameters with minimal inhibitory concentrations determined in broth. Zone diameters could be used to approximate the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the seven antibiotics tested: ampicillin, bacitracin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, clindamycin, penicillin, and tetracycline.
147 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that intravenous ampicillin may be the therapy of choice, from the standpoint of both superior efficacy and relative lack of toxicity, in patients with bacteriologically proved Listeria monocytogenes meningitis.
Abstract: Twenty-five patients with bacteriologically proved Listeria monocytogenes meningitis were studied. Twenty-one were male. Nine of the 25 were neonates, and 11 were 55 years of age or older. Twenty-four patients received either ampicillin or penicillin, at times in combination with other antibiotics. One of the ampicillin-treated patients, and six of the penicillin-treated patients died. Recovery of the patient from meningeal infection seemed to correlate best with an initial cerebrospinal-fluid glucose level over 30 mg per 100 ml. These data, like those already appearing in the literature, suggest that intravenous ampicillin may be the therapy of choice, from the standpoint of both superior efficacy and relative lack of toxicity.
147 citations
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TL;DR: The present study was designed to demonstrate whether clindamycin is a good alternative to penicillin for many infections, but it has been suggested that it does not reach the fetus in sufficient concentrations to prevent congenital syphilis.
Abstract: PRESCRIBING antibiotics for pregnant women allergic to penicillin frequently presents a problem because of potential adverse effects — to mother or fetus — and uncertainty of transplacental delivery of antibiotic. Passage of drug into the fetus may or may not be desired. Erythromycin is a good alternative to penicillin for many infections, but it has been suggested that it does not reach the fetus in sufficient concentrations to prevent congenital syphilis.1 Little information on the transplacental passage of clindamycin, which has a spectrum of activity similar to that of erythromycin, is available. The present study was designed to demonstrate whether . . .
147 citations
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TL;DR: Imipenem should only be administered to penicillin-allergic subjects with similar precautions ofPenicillin administration to such patients, and there was a good correlation between the peniillin and imipenems reagents to which the patients reacted.
Abstract: We examined the potential for IgE-mediated cross-reactivity between the carbepenems, a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics, represented by imipenem, and penicillins. In vivo skin testing with the relevant imipenem and penicillin determinants was undertaken. Having determined the concentrations of imipenem materials that did not induce false positive skin tests in nonpenicillin-allergic control subjects, we tested 40 subjects with a history of penicillin-allergic reactions. Twenty of these subjects were found to be nonallergic to penicillin on skin testing, and none of these subjects reacted to the imipendem determinants. In contrast, half the 20 subjects who were positive to one or more penicillin determinants also reacted to imipenem reagents. There was a good correlation between the penicillin and imipenem reagents to which the patients reacted. Imipenem should only be administered to penicillin-allergic subjects with similar precautions of penicillin administration to such patients.
147 citations
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TL;DR: A comprehensive national surveillance trial using 99 recruited microbiology laboratories in 48 of the 49 contiguous states or districts generated information from nearly 2000 enterococci, usually isolated from blood cultures, finding antimicrobial resistance occurred most often among the E. faecium isolates.
146 citations