Penicillium griseofulvum

About: Penicillium griseofulvum is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 169 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2702 citations.

Phenylpyropene A and B, New Inhibitors of Acyl‐CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Produced by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959.

Abstract: Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) is the primary enzyme responsible for intracellular esterification of cholesterol in intestinal mucosal cells, synthesis of the cholesteryl esters packaged into very-lowdensity lipoproteins (VLDL) secreted by liver, accumulation of cholesteryl esters within macrophages and smooth muscle cells of the atheroma, and plays a key role in formation of atherosclerotic lesions1,2). Since elevated plasma level of cholesterol is related to an increased risk of coronary heart disease, massive accumulation of cholesteryl esters in macrophage-derived foam cells is a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques3). Therefore, controlling ACAT activity may be of importance in prevention and treatments of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis4), and inhibition of ACAT would be expected to retard the progression of atherosclerotis ether by reducing serum cholesterol levels or by directly preventing the accumulation of cholesterol in arterial tissues5). In the course of our screening for inhibitors of ACAT, we isolated two new potent compounds named phenylpyropene A (1) and B (2) from a fermentation broth of Penicillium griseofulvum F1959 (Fig. 1). In addition, the related compound, phenylpyropene C (3), was isolated from the same culture broth as we reported previously6). In this study, we report isolation, physico-chemical properties, structure determination, and biological activities of 1 and 2. The fungal strain P. griseofulvum F1959 was originally isolated from a soil sample collected at Ulsan, Korea, and it was deposited in the Korean Collection for Type Culture (KCTC), Korea, as KCTC 0387BP. Taxonomic studies of the fungal strain, and fermentation procedure were described in our previous report6). The fermentation broth (2 liters) of P griseofulvum F1959 was extracted with EtOAc (2 liters). The extract was concentrated and then chromatographed on a silica gel column (Kieselgel 60, 230-400 mesh, 50ml, E. Merck) eluting with CHCl3-MeOH (99:1). The active fractions were concentrated in vacuo and then subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column with MeOH. Final purification was achieved

Biocontrol effects of Penicillium griseofulvum against monkshood (Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.) root diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsiii and Fusarium spp.

Abstract: Aims The aims of this study were to investigate the biocontrol effects of Penicillium griseofulvum strain CF3 and its mechanisms against soil-borne root pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii) of the medical plant Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Methods and results The effects of P. griseofulvum strain CF3 were evaluated with regard to the hyphal growth of S. rolfsii and F. oxysporum, the sclerotial formation and germination of S. rolfsii and its expression of sclerotia-formation-related genes. A field experiment was conducted to explore how strain CF3 controls the severity of soil-borne diseases, promotes the growth of A. carmichaelii plants and mediates shifts in the culturable rhizosphere microbial populations. The results showed that treatment with a cell-free culture filtrate of strain CF3 considerably inhibited the hyphal growth of both S. rolfsii and F. oxysporum, in addition to limiting the sclerotial formation and germination of S. rolfsii. Three genes related to sclerotial formation (ArsclR, ArnsdD1 and ArnsdD2) were predicted in S. rolfsii and their expression was found suppressed by the CF3 treatment. Field application of the CF3 biocontrol agent in a powder form (1·9 × 1010 conidia per gram of substrate) reduced soil-borne disease severity by 15·0%. The shoot and root growth of A. carmichaelii plants was promoted by 61·6 and 83·1% respectively, as the biocontrol strain massively colonized the rhizosphere soil. The CF3 treatment also markedly reduced the density of some known species harmful to plants while increasing the density of some beneficial species in the rhizosphere soil. Significance and impact of the study Genes related to sclerotia formation of S. rolfsii are predicted for the first time and their expression patterns in the presence of P. griseofulvum strain CF3 are evaluated. This comprehensive study provides a candidate fungal biocontrol strain and reveals its potential mechanisms against S. rolfsii and F. oxysporum in A. carmichaelii plants.

Systemic mycosis caused by Penicillium griseofulvum in a Seychelles giant tortoise (Megalochelys gigantea)

Abstract: Radiological assessment of the severity of canine nasal tumours and relationship with survival AN objective scoring system was devised to assess the severity of canine nasal tumours from radiographs. The principal characteristics considered were whether the tumour was unilateral or bilateral, the extent of the increased soft tissue opacity on both sides, in terms of the number of cheek teeth involved, whether the frontal sinus was affected, and whether the nasal septum was involved. The system was applied to 35 dogs with malignant tumours, and showed that the dogs with lower scores, that is less severe radiological changes, survived longer and had longer intervals without disease. MORRIS, J. S., DUNN, K. J., DOBSON, J. M. & WHITE, R. A. s. (1996) Journal ofSmall Animal Practice 37, 1 Ketoprofen as an antipyretic in cats FOURTEEN cats with a variety of bacterial and viral infections were treated either with a broad-spectrum antibiotic (amoxycillin/clavulanic acid) or with antibiotic plus ketoprofen. They had body temperatures ranging from 39-5 to 41-0°C. The antibiotic was given twice a day for seven days and the ketoprofen once a day for five days. The mean temperature of the group which received ketoprofen and antibiotic returned to normal within eight hours, although the effect wore off in less than 24 hours, but the temperature of the group receiving only antibiotic returned to normal only after 48 hours. In addition, the appetite and demeanour of the cats receiving ketoprofen returned to normal within three days compared with five days for the cats treated only with antibiotic. GLEW, A., AVIAD, A. D., KEISTER, D. M. & MEO, N. J. (1996) Canadian Veterinary Journal 37, 222 296

Elaboration of mycotoxins by seed-borne fungi of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

Abstract: Mycotoxin producing potential of fungi associated with finger millet was investigated. Many species of Aspergillus elaborated aflatoxins, patulin, terreic acid and sterigmocystin, while species of Fusarium elaborated zearalenone, fusarinone-X, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, diacetoxyscripenol, neosolanil and HT-2 toxins. Penicillium griseofulvum elaborated cyclopiazonic acid. The toxigenic potential of individual fungus varied.

Production of griseofulvin by Penicillium raistrickii

Abstract: Griseofulvin, previously known as a metabolic product of Penicillium griseofulvum Dierckx, P. nigricans (Bain.) Thorn and P. urticae Bain., has now been found to be produced by some strains of P. raistrickii Smith. Strains of this species vary in their capacity to produce sclerotia and conidia in culture; those strains that produce abundant sclerotia produce few conidia, those that produce abundant conidia produce few sclerotia. Conidial strains produce good yields of griseofulvin but sclerotial strains produce little or none.