Showing papers on "Perceptual learning published in 1969"
186 citations
Journal Article•
97 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experiment designed to measure Ss' ability to detect small targets using self-generated sonar signals revealed that a group of six Ss blind from birth were significantly superior to eight adventitiously blind and eight sighted Ss.
Abstract: An experiment designed to measure Ss’ ability to detect small targets using self-generated sonar signals revealed that a group of six Ss blind from birth were significantly (.05 level) superior to eight adventitiously blind and eight sighted Ss. Subsequent tests of auditory localization ability and evidence from a tactile immediate memory test similarly favored the early-blind. A rationale is offered interpreting these results in terms of possible differential opportunities to develop auditory and tactile perceptual skills during infancy. The tradition that a kindly Providence is sure to compensate the blind by a quickening of their other senses goes back, like the popular belief in palmistry and astrology, to a hoary antiquity and shows a vitality which keeps it alive for the modern Sunday newspaper and for the fireside anecdote [Hayes, 1933, p. 22].
62 citations
TL;DR: However, the literature dealing with motor learning has been concerned almost exclusively with partial rather than total physical responses as discussed by the authors, and the work that comes closest to ours is usually done with tasks which involve parts of the body -the receptors and effectors-as illustrated in display-control problems (i.e., tracking).
Abstract: However, the literature dealing with motor learning (Adams, 1964; Bilodeau & Bilodeau, 1961; Noble, 1968) has been concerned almost exclusively with partial rather than total physical responses. For example, research in motor learning is usually done with tasks which involve parts of the body -the receptors and effectors-as illustrated in display-control problems (i.e., tracking). The work that comes closest to
30 citations
TL;DR: A daily program of language and sensory-perceptual instruction was provided to children enrolled in 2 community day care centers designed to counteract the inhibiting effects of cultural deprivation on language and perceptual learning during the important formative preschool years.
Abstract: In a 3 year study directed at the prevention of learning problems in school, the failure to achieve, and the subsequent school dropout, a daily program of language and sensory-perceptual instruction was provided to children enrolled in 2 community day care centers. The program was designed to counteract the inhibiting effects of cultural deprivation on language and perceptual learning during the important formative preschool years, and thus it placed emphasis on beginning education with the nursery age child. Preliminary results from the first 2 years demonstrated significant gains in intellectual, linguistic, and perceptual functioning in comparison to control groups which did not undergo the same instruction but which were receiving many elements of the traditional kindergarten type program.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experiment was conducted to determine whether Ss leam, without knowledge of results or prior familiarization with the prototypes, to sort histoform stimuli generated by three probabilistic rules into categories consistent with these mies.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine whether Ss leam, without knowledge of results or prior familiarization with the prototypes, to sort histoform stimuli generated by three probablistic rules into categories consistent with these mies. Seven Ss were asked to sort 30 stimuli (10 from each schema population) on each trial. No constraints were placed on the number of categories to be used. A statistic was developed to measure consistency between schema-defined categories and subjeet-defined categories. Four of the seven Ss met the leaming criterion, and demonstrated increasing consistency with the schema-defined categories across trials. In general, more categories than necessary were used to classify the stimuli correctly. The results raise several questions about classification strategies used by Ss in perceptual learning tasks with stimuli generated by probabilistic rules, and indicate the need for further research conceming the variables that influence perceptual category formation.
29 citations
TL;DR: The authors demonstrated that humans can distinguish between stimuli of either two or three schema families without externally administered knowledge of results or prior familiarization with the population prototypes, which supports the perceptual learning theory that differentiation of higher order variables can occur on the basis of information derived from perceiving the stimuli and indicate the need for further investigation of the detailed conditions under which the phenomenon occurs.
Abstract: This research demonstrated that humans can develop the ability to distinguish between stimuli of either two or three schema families without externally administered knowledge of results or prior familiarization with the population prototypes. These demonstrations of schematic concept formation support the perceptual learning theory that differentiation of higher order variables can occur on the basis of information derived from perceiving the stimuli, and indicate the need for further investigation of the detailed conditions under which the phenomenon occurs.
22 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that urban and relatively more acculturated rural residents make overall more correct identifications of pictorial objects and more consistent use of cues to pictorial depth than more traditional Baganda.
Abstract: Data collected among the Baganda of Uganda indicates that pictorial perceptual skills are positively and significantly related to relative amounts of exposure to Western culture. Both urban and relatively more acculturated rural residents make overall more correct identifications of pictorial objects and more consistent use of cues to pictorial depth than more traditional Baganda. These results offer support for the proposition that visual perceptual skills are related to culturally constituted experience.
14 citations
TL;DR: First-grade children who received either perceptual pretraining or the identical perceptual experience plus verbal labeling training were significantly and equally facilitated in performance on a discrimination reversal and a transposition test as compared to nonpretrained children.
01 Dec 1969
TL;DR: Pner as discussed by the authors proposed an individualized perceptual skills curriculum to ensure that each child acquires facility in processing concrete information before being exposed to abstraction demands of an academic program, and four major curriculum areas described are general motor, visual motor, auditory motor and integrative.
Abstract: DOCUMENT RESUME 24 CG 005 383 ,psner, Jerome The Design of an Individualized Perceptual Skills Curriculum. Pittsburgh Univ., Pa. Learning Research and Development Center. Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. WP-53 BR-5-0253 Dec 69 35p. EDRS Price ME -$0.25 HC-$1.85 *Behavioral Objectives, *Children, Curriculum, Curriculum Design, *Perceptual Development, *Perceptual Motor Coordination, Sensory Integration, Student Behavior, *Teaching Methods, Tests The purpose of this individualized perceptual skills curriculum is to ensure that each child acquires facility in processing concrete information before being exposed to abstraction demands of an academic program. The four major curriculum areas described are general motor, visual motor, auditory motor, and integrative. Unit areas are defined, behavioral objectives described, tests prepared to assess those objectives, and teaching strategies suggested for behavior not yet achieved. (Author/ED) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF COUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM TH E PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIOUS STATED DO NOT NECESSAR!LY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU CATION POSITION OR POLICY THE DESIGN OF AN INDIVIDUALIZED PERCEPTUAL SKILLS CURRICULUM
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that children with perceptual problems as measured on the Bender are also to lag developmentally and that behavior growth can be accelerated by means of perceptual training carried out in the classroom.
Abstract: Children with perceptual problems as measured on the Bender are shown also to lag developmentally. Behavior growth can be speeded up or at least facilitated in such children by means of perceptual training carried out in the classroom. If such children do not receive perceptual training or other special help, they appear to fall even further behind.
06 Feb 1969
TL;DR: In this article, Postman, Bruner and McGinnies hypothesize that what is perceived depends upon the selection of details from the environment and that there has to be something mediating these two situations.
Abstract: ,Perception might seem one of the most objective aspects of man’s behavior. The cliche “seeing is believing” points up the popular notion that one observes what is really, objectively there. Yet occasional allegations of bias and distortion in journalists’ stories attest that individuals sometimes observe very different things in the same event. Similarly, the outcomes of numerous information campaigns demonstrate ,that audience perceptions do not always match the expectations of the message producers. Whether considering the observations of journalists, or the observations of their audiences, a salient fact for communication is that what is perceived depends upon the selection of details from the environment. If one did attend to each bit of sensory input, the world would be a “buzzing, blooming confusion.” Only by selecting samples from this barrage of information which impinges on our senses (and imposing some organization on this sample) can one efficiently cope with his envir0nment.l Since a vast array of stimuli is available to an individual for the construction of meaningful patterns, but only a few stimuli are actually used, there has to be something mediating these two situations. Postman, Bruner and McGinnies hypothesize three mediating processes. The first is selection.
TL;DR: Data indicate that auditory and visual perception are different human behaviors and the receptive language model and the Experimental Test of Auditory Perception permit identification of neurologically impaired and normal (matched control) children.
Abstract: The assessment of visual perception has become a very common means of studying those behaviors felt to be associated with neurological impairment. The question of the relationship of auditory-perceptual behaviors to visual-perceptual function and neurological impairment frequently goes unanswered. These data indicate that auditory and visual perception are different human behaviors. Auditory perception is a global complex set of behaviors that can be differentially assessed. The receptive language model and the Experimental Test of Auditory Perception (TAP) permit identification of neurologically impaired and normal (matched control) children.
01 Mar 1969
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: The use of simple stimuli has been justified for a long time with three good arguments as discussed by the authors : they are easy to generate and control, their physical properties can be more accurately specified than those of natural stimuli, and all natural stimuli can at least in theory be generated by mixing one or more of the simple ingredients in proper proportions.
Abstract: To open the discussion of the papers just presented I would like to comment on one of Professor Konorski’s points—the question of what constitutes an adequate stimulus in a perceptual learning situation. In auditory studies the use of “simple” stimuli—pure tones, noise and clicks—has been justified for a long time with three good arguments. First, they are easy to generate and control. Second, their physical properties can be more accurately specified than those of “natural” stimuli. Third, all natural stimuli, however complex, can at least in theory be generated by mixing one or more of the simple ingredients in proper proportions.
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the object of the present study is perceptual acts executed on a static or slowly changing visual information field, and the types of perceptual acts are classified into three types.
Abstract: Types of Perceptual Acts: The object of the present study is perceptual acts executed on a static or slowly changing visual information field.