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Perovskite solar cell

About: Perovskite solar cell is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4701 publications have been published within this topic receiving 216807 citations. The topic is also known as: PSC.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a model for coupled ion vacancy motion and charge transport is formulated and solved in a three-layer planar perovskite solar cell and its results are used to demonstrate that the replacement of standard transport layer materials (spiro-OMeTAD and TiO2) by materials with lower permittivity and/or doping leads to a shift in the scan rates at which hysteresis is most pronounced to rates higher than those commonly used in experiment.
Abstract: The effects of transport layers on perovskite solar cell performance, in particular anomalous hysteresis, are investigated. A model for coupled ion vacancy motion and charge transport is formulated and solved in a three-layer planar perovskite solar cell. Its results are used to demonstrate that the replacement of standard transport layer materials (spiro-OMeTAD and TiO2) by materials with lower permittivity and/or doping leads to a shift in the scan rates at which hysteresis is most pronounced to rates higher than those commonly used in experiment. These results provide a cogent explanation for why organic electron transport layers can yield seemingly “hysteresis-free” devices but which nevertheless exhibit hysteresis at low temperature. In these devices the decrease in ion vacancy mobility with temperature compensates for the increase in hysteresis rate with use of low permittivity/doping organic transport layers. Simulations are used to classify features of the current–voltage curves that distinguish between cells in which charge carrier recombination occurs predominantly at the transport layer interfaces and those where it occurs predominantly within the perovskite. These characteristics are supplemented by videos showing how the electric potential, electronic and ionic charge profiles evolve across a planar perovskite solar cell during a current–voltage scan. Design protocols to mitigate the possible effects of high ion vacancy distributions on cell degradation are discussed. Finally, features of the steady-state potential profile for a device held near the maximum power point are used to suggest ways in which interfacial recombination can be reduced, and performance enhanced, via tuning transport layer properties.

166 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors reviewed the fundamentals and recent advances in perovskite solar cells from an engineering points of view, and discussed the effects of various processing parameters, such as the annealing time and temperature, solvent effect, reaction time, solution concentration, and the thickness of each layer.
Abstract: Perovskite solar cell (SC) is the most attractive and efficient emerging thin film SC, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 22%, certified by the United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), although the cell is not stable. Most layers of perovskite SCs, including the perovskite light harvesting layer, are solution-processed, and thus can be fabricated by low-cost, scalable and vacuum-free fabrication techniques, such as spray coating. Part I of this work was devoted to polymer or organic SCs, a more mature but less efficient solution-processed SC (Wang et al., Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2016;56:347–61) [1] , and Part II reviews the fundamentals and recent advances in perovskite SCs, from an engineering points of view. The review starts off with an introduction to perovskite crystal structure in general, lead halide perovskite crystals as a light harvesting material, and the principle of operation of various architectures of perovskite SCs, such as mesoporous and planar. Then various components, including the light harvesting layer, electron transporting layer (ETL), hole-transporting layer (HTL), and possible materials developed for each layer are discussed. The effects of various processing parameters, such as the annealing time and temperature, solvent effect, reaction time, solution concentration, and the thickness of each layer are discussed, to find the optimum process parameters. Possible methods for the fabrication of perovskite layer and other layers are discussed, including spin–spin and spin–dip sequential methods and scalable methods, such as spray coating. The stability of perovskite SCs is also deliberated and advances made to improve the device lifetime are reviewed. The review concludes with a summary and discussion of research trends and challenges in the field. Other general issues, such as the necessity for the development of flexible substrates, indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-free devices, solution-processed back contact, and comprehensive discussion of all solution-processed techniques have been already considered in Part I of this review.

165 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Oct 2018-Joule
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the research progress that has been made on the stability of perovskite solar cells is presented, and the solar cell lifetime and the total amount of energy generated during the lifespan of a perovsite solar cell are inferred.

165 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an interface-engineered stable perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge-transport layers are shown, and the highly conductive Al-doped ZnO films act as efficient electron-transporting layers as well as dense passivation layers.
Abstract: Despite the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), poor long-term stability is one of the main obstacles preventing their commercialization. Several approaches to enhance the stability of PSCs have been proposed. However, an accelerating stability test of PSCs at high temperature under the operating conditions in ambient air remains still to be demonstrated. Herein, interface-engineered stable PSCs with inorganic charge-transport layers are shown. The highly conductive Al-doped ZnO films act as efficient electron-transporting layers as well as dense passivation layers. This layer prevents underneath perovskite from moisture contact, evaporation of components, and reaction with a metal electrode. Finally, inverted-type PSCs with inorganic charge-transport layers exhibit a PCE of 18.45% and retain 86.7% of the initial efficiency for 500 h under continuous 1 Sun illumination at 85 °C in ambient air with electrical biases (at maximum power point tracking).

163 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been investigated in terms of the electron transport layer (ETL) in planar heterojunction and mesoporous-structured devices.
Abstract: The emergence of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) recently has brought new hope to the solar cell industry due to their incredible improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE), which can now exceed 20.0% within seven years of tremendous research. The efficiency and stability of PSCs depend strongly on the morphology and type of materials selected as the electron transport layer (ETL) in the device. In this review, the functions of the ETL based on titania (TiO2) in n–i–p architecture PSCs, including planar heterojunction and mesoporous-structured devices, are reviewed in terms of the device performance and stability. Studies found that the application of suitable fabrication techniques and manipulation of the nanostructural properties of TiO2 are crucial factors in ameliorating the short-circuit current density, JSC, and fill factor, FF, of PSCs. On top of that, the effect of substituting TiO2 with other potential inorganic materials like zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), ternary metal oxides, and metal sulphides, as well as organic semiconductors including fullerene, graphene, and ionic liquids, towards the photovoltaic properties and stability of the devices are also elaborated and discussed. Meanwhile, the utilization of non-electron transport layers (non-ETLs), such as alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2), as the mesoporous scaffold in PSCs is found to enhance the open-circuit voltage, VOC, of the devices.

162 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023225
2022409
2021631
2020770
2019835
2018780