Showing papers on "Personal computer published in 1982"

The star user interface: an overview

Abstract: In April 1981 Xerox announced the 8010 Star Information System, a new personal computer designed for office professionals who create, analyze, and distribute information. The Star user interface differs from that of other office computer systems by its emphasis on graphics, its adherence to a metaphor of a physical office, and its rigorous application of a small set of design principles. The graphic imagery reduces the amount of typing and remembering required to operate the system. The office metaphor makes the system seem familiar and friendly; it reduces the alien feel that many computer systems have. The design principles unify the nearly two dozen functional areas of Star, increasing the coherence of the system and allowing user experience in one area to apply in others.

Management communication terminal system

Abstract: A management communication terminal is formed by integrating an electronic, raster scanning camera with a personal computer. The terminal has a keyboard, a Winchester disk drive, a telecommunication controller, a cathode ray tube monitor, and a thermographic, raster image printer. Two such terminals define an office information system for the exchange of information produced at the keyboards and by the cameras. In each terminal, the coded data generated at the keyboard and the raster image data generated by the camera are temporarily stored in separate data buffers and from there are routed to the monitor, the printer and disk storage. The monitor and printer are able to display and print respectively, images created from the keyboard data, the camera data or a combination of the two. The camera data is compressed prior to storage and is reduced in resolution prior to application to the monitor. The telecommunication controller, when coupled to a transmission line, transfers keyboard and camera data directly between the disk memories associated with two terminals.

The Measurement of Heart Rate Variability Spectra with the Help of a Personal Computer

Abstract: The analysis of fluctuations in heart rate or heart rate variability (HRV) has found applications in, among others, the study of the neural cardiovascular system and ergonomic psychology. In particular, the study of the frequency components of HRV is becoming increasingly important. A method for the computation of HRV spectra directly from the heart beat event series as derived from the electrocardiogram has been developed. Because of the computational efficiency achieved, this method is implemented on a personal computer. Apart from an external QRS detector, a completely stand-alone system is realized. User interaction takes place on a menu card display basis. The system can operate at both real time and up to eightfold increased speed. The resultant spectra are displayed as histograms. Different ways of smoothing and segment averaging are possible.

Compact expandable electronic signal processing apparatus

Abstract: An electronic signal processing apparatus, such as, a personal computer, is basically composed of a power section for providing DC operating power from an AC power source and a main signal processing section operative by the DC operating power for performing the minimal necessary functions. The power and main signal processing sections are mechanically connected for relative sliding movements between closely adjacent positions minimizing the overall dimensions of the apparatus and spread-apart positions in which a space is defined between the power and main signal processing sections for accommodating at least one additional signal processing or handling section by which the functional capabilities of the apparatus are expanded.

Online Handwritten Character Recognition for a Personal Computer System

Abstract: An online handwritten character recognition algorithm, suitable for the home use computer, was developed. A character, written on a digitizing tablet, is expressed as a directional angle sequence. In order to recognize a quickly written multi-stroke character, the character pattern is converted into a single interconnected stroke pattern. The recognition is carried out using dynamic programming based pattern matching technique.

Movable display screen for a computer

Abstract: A portable personal computer has a display screen movable between a substantially vertical position when a keyboard is in a substantially horizontal position and exposed for use and a substantially horizontal position in which the keyboard is not accessible or viewable but the display screen is accessible and viewable. In its substantially horizontal position, the display screen can be used as a book reading device or a pen based personal computer, for example. When the display screen is in its substantially horizontal position, function control buttons are accessible.

Creative names for personal files in an interactive computing environment

Abstract: The names with which people refer to their personal computer files in an interactive computing environment were analyzed as a case study of purposeful creative naming behavior. Staff members at a research laboratory were asked to annotate a listing of their filenames by appending descriptive exegeses. Overwhelmingly, the very form of the filenames organized them into structured paradigms, coextending with clusterings of the files by conceptual and functional content (as revealed by examination of the rendered descriptive exegeses). The pervasive existance of such paradigmatic structure in spontaneously created names has implications both for traditional and current philosophical analyses of names (where non-paradigmatic names, such as Aristotle have been taken to be typical) and, more specifically, for the potential utility and design of filenaming facilities in computing systems. Part of speech and abbreviation strategies were also analyzed and compared with prior laboratory research. They were shown to correlate with filetype classification, indicating this as a further relevant parameter for the design of filename facilities.

The SUN workstation architecture

Abstract: The Sun workstation is a personal computer system that combines graphics and networking capabilities with powerful local processing. The workstation has been developed for research in VLSI design automation, text processing, distributed operating systems and programming environments. Clusters of Sun workstations are connected via a local network sharing a network-based file system. The Sun workstation is based on a Motorola 6800 processor, has a 1024 by 800 pixel bitmap display, and uses Ethernet as its local network. The hardware supports virtual memory management, a "RasterOP" mechanism for high-speed display updates, and data-link-control for the Ethernet. The entire workstation electronics consists of 260 chips mounted on three 6.75 by 12 inch PC boards compatible with the IEEE 796 Bus (Intel Multibus). In addition to implementing a workstation, the boards have been configured to serve as network nodes for file servers, printer servers, network gateways, and terminal concentrators. The report discusses the architecture and implementation of the Sun workstation, gives the background and goals of the project, contemplates future developments, and describes in detail its three main components: the processor, graphics, and Ethernet boards.

Measurement of traffic flow using real time processing of moving pictures

Abstract: A system for measurement of traffic flow using real time processing of moving pictures has been developed. From pictures taken by an ITV camera, sixty-four picture elements in maximum are sampled, digitized in every TV frame and processed in the minicomputer. Brightness of the sampled points are compared with those of the ground and presence of vehicle is detected. Smoothing of the data effectively eliminates the noise. The number of passing vehicles is measured by using only one sampled point at the center of the lane, and the error of 2 to 3% was achieved in an experiment. Velocity and length of vehicles is measured from time difference by using a pair of sampled points set along the center of the lane. Also the number of vehicles in a road section is measured by using two sets of fifty sampled points along the center of the lane during successive two TV frames.

A study of TRIP: a computer system for animating time—rate—distance problems*

Abstract: TRIP is a system for animating various time—rate—distance problems. It employs interactive, high-resolution graphics to present the written problem along with relevant pictures (places, travellers, speedometers, odometers, clocks) that students use to construct a representative diagram. They then guess the answer, “run” the problem, and watch the diagram become an animated simulation in which travellers, clocks and odometers are all set into related motion. The final values of the distances and times for each traveller are stored in a table from which students induce algebraic expressions. TRIP was written in Smalltalk-76 and pilot-tested on an experimental personal computer (a Xerox Alto) at San Francisco State University.

Color image recording system and method for computer-generated displays

Abstract: A high spatial and dynamic resolution color image recording system and method for computer generated displays includes a low cost personal computer having a low resolution display monitor adapter and a photographic image recorder coupled to receive low resolution fields of a video image in intensity dependent time varying steps to produce a high resolution composite image. Spatial resolution is improved by providing a separate image for each primary color component as a plurality of interlaced fields. High dynamic resolution is attached for each field by generating each field on a single intensity monochrome raster scan display and exposing the image of a field through a primary color filter in a plurality of intensity dependent steps with the total exposure time for each different color intensity being proportional to the intensity thereof. A gamma compensation is utilized to compensate for the particular optical characteristics of the display, filter and photographic film.

Multichannel time-resolved measurement in far-infrared magnetoabsorption

Abstract: A drastic innovation has been achieved in the time-resolved far-infrared magnetooptics by introducing multichannellisation of the delay time. The key section of the new system utilises a digital boxcar unit connected with a common personal computer. Making use of a test pattern signal by magneto-plasma absorption of electron-hole drops in Ge, an eight channel performance over the time window of 100 μs is demonstrated.

Auto brightness limiter circuit for television

Abstract: An automatic brightness limiter circuit is disclosed in which a separate digital signal display from a personal computer is superimposed on a television broadcast screen and displayed simultaneously with a video broadcast signal. The beam current of the cathode ray tube is detected and if found to exceed a prescribed value, feedback is applied only to the video amplifier circuit amplifying the video signal. Feedback is not applied to the amplifier circuit of the digital signal display. The amplifier of this digital signal display is arranged so that independent limiting action is carried out corresponding to the amplitude of the digital signal.

Logic programming and a dedicated high-performance personal computer

Abstract: The role of our group is the preliminary research on FG-Kernel Language (version-0) and a high performance personal computer which are springboards for the research and development of Fifth Generation Computer System, adopting PROLOG as the starting point. Until March 1982, our work on the way will reach enough results. Necessary items have already been surveyed. In this paper, the rough image of FG-Kernel Language(version-0) and a dedicated computer for the language which we suppose is introduced.

A fluorescence cytophotometer operated under computer control for multi-parameter cell analysis.

Abstract: A new type of fluorescence cytophotometer has been developed for multi-parameter cell analysis (Olympus BH2-QRFL). For multi-color fluorescence cytophotometry, this instrument is equipped with four sets of interchangeable filters, each consisting of an excitation filter, a dichroic mirror with a barrier filter, and a measuring filter. For permitting automatic operation of the filter sets, the cytophotometer is connected on line with a personal computer (HP 85F). A desired sequence of filter sets can be memorized in the software and multiple cellular constituents can be rapidly and consecutively determined on a single cell basis. All data are stored in the same computer and can be retrieved for further statistical analysis and display either in tabular form, or as histogram, correlation histograms, two-dimensional scatter plot, or two-dimensional frequency distribution histogram, on the CRT (cathode ray tube) with simultaneous hard copy. As an example of multiparameter cell analysis, combined protein and DNA measurements were performed on normal, border-line, and cancerous gynecological cytology specimens by using the ninhydrin-Schiff and Feulgen techniques.

Micro-computer control for a video machine

Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE An interface circuit is provided for combining a personal computer system with a home type video tape recorder (VTR). The proposed interface circuit enables the VTR to store a computer program just like an auxiliary memory, and the VTR can be operated based on the program stored on a portion of a video tape. A preferred application is to use the VTR as an interactive educational machine.

A microprocessor-based spectrometer control and data acquisition system for Raman spectroscopy

Abstract: An inexpensive computer system is described which allows the acquisition of Raman-spectroscopic data and the control of the spectrometer operation modes. Two modes can be selected: the 'quasi-continuous operation' with constant registration speed and the 'quasi-static operation' where the dwelling time of the spectrometer at a certain wavenumber setting is determined by the observed signal-to-noise ratio. The system is based on the Commodore CBM 3032 personal computer. A detailed description of the hardware extension of the computer, of the interfacing hardware, and the supporting software is given. The system can be applied to other spectroscopic techniques by simply providing the appropriate software.

Optimistic concurrency control and recovery in a multi personal computer system

Abstract: In this paper we present an attractive concurrency control and recovery method to manage the transactions of a multi user Personal Computer system on a shared data base in a star constellation.

Computer Aided Telephone Diagnostics System for Power Conversion Systems

Abstract: UPS downtime is a concern to industries, such as telecommunications, requiring uninterrupted power to a critical load These industries need the quickest possible service response to get a UPS back on line The microprocessor and the communications link have been combined to provide detailed information from the site to skilled off-site personnel, thereby, relatively unskilled on-site customer personnel can be "talked" through quick repair with off-site verification of correct operation and adjustment The phone can be the link between not only voice communication but also for transmitting UPS waveform and status data This can be accomplished by using CAT-D which consists of a data acquisition and communications interface on the UPS and a personal computer used by factory field service people The communication link is established via modems The personal computer is used in this sense as a remote set of eyes to the factory service people; the computer is not meant to replace service people Waveform data can be analyzed by factory service personnel at any time of day or night once contacted by a telephone microwave paging system A process of recommended repairs followed by a waveform analysis after each repair, permits factory service people to guide the buyer's on-site personnel representative in repairing their UPS CAT-D uses the phone voice-to-voice and machine-to-machine communications to become a cost effective tool to aid in quick and effective service of remote equipment

Electrocardiomultigraphimeter as a basic instrument for developing effective personal computing in cardiology

Abstract: The question is posed as to whether personal medical computing can help significantly and efficiently in the development of `new' instruments. The scientific and economic criteria for considering an instrument as `new' are given; certain conditions are set out which, when confirmed, could lead to `new' instrumentation being developed from the personal computer, with better results than those produced by the microprocessor alone. In the early 1980s, appropriate conditions appear to apply in the area of electrocardiography. The `new' instrument proposed, called an `electrocardiomultigraphimeter', contains specific characteristics and performance which represent an advance on automatic diagnostic facilities, as well as the latest microprocessor-based electrocardiographs. Its field of application appears to be clinical research; its overall performance could be further extended to meet certain criteria of great significance for all medical departments geared to the care of many patients. The electrocardiomultigraphimeter hardware still presents certain snags - an example being the resolution of the unsatisfactory graphics capabilities. However, this is common to most current personal computers.

Using the Personal Computer

Abstract: Desk-top computers can help hospitality firms perform a variety offunctions-forecasting, budgeting, evaluatingbusinessopportunities, maintaining mailing lists, producingcharts—morequickly, accurately, and inexpensively than ever before

Pen type printing apparatus

Abstract: Disclosed is a pen type printing apparatus having a reduced size and weight suitable for use in combination with a personal computer or the like. The apparatus has a paper feed roller adapted to be driven by a motor. Two short roller shafts are arranged at each axial end of the paper feed roller so as to extend in parallel with the latter. These roller shafts rotatably carry respective pressing rollers of small diameters. The roller shafts are biased toward the paper feed roller to bring the pressing rollers into pressure contact with both axial end portions of the paper feed roller to clamp a printing paper therebetween. A carriage is movable transversely of the printing paper and carries a pen which is projectable selectively. Any desired character, symbol or a chart can be printed on the substantially mid-portion of the printing paper where no pressing roller exists, by a combination of the shifting of the carriage, feed of the paper and the projection of the pen, in accordance with a printing instruction.

A Computer-Literacy Module for the Junior High School.

Abstract: The most significant technological achievement presently affecting the quality of life in our society is the computer. Despite its rapid invasion into the marketplace, the computer is often personified with adjectives such as controlling, impersonal, and intimidating. Yet we cannot deny that the computer is imbedded in every aspect of our society. Technological advancements are developing at such a pace that it is difficult to keep abreast of the field. The personal computer now offers the promise of being available to all United States citizens within the next three to five years (Braun 1977, p. 3). In spite of these rapid developments, apprehension about the computer is prevalent. Stories about error-prone computers are often cited as the rationale for avoiding technological advancements. There is, however, some evidence indicating that this apprehension dissipates as experience with computers increases (Davis 1977, p. 30). As educators, then, we have a mission. Basic computer concepts must be taught so that students can interact with computers without anxiety and can cope with advancements in this rapidly changing field. The purpose of this article is to discuss the rationale for, and the development of, a computer-literacy module. The Committee on Computer Education of the Conference Board of the

Can Computers Teach Values

Abstract: We wrote this article with the aid of an Apple personal computer, a machine identical to those currently found in thousands of schools. We elected to use the computer not so much because of what it does, but be cause of what it doesn't do. It doesn't become impatient. We can work with it continuously, or pause and reflect, yet never lose the machine's attention. It serves us steadfastly and uncritically. These simple capacities alone have al ready endeared personal computers to many adults and children' A recent study (Cox and Berger, 1981) reports that children who use personal com puters show positive growth in four areas: attitude toward school work, sense of freedom, self-control, and problem solving. While the appeal of CAI for most cur riculum programs rests in its patience, computers have other attributes that can facilitate the development of values. For example, the behavior of a computer is predictable. It is oblivious to the per sonal appearance and background of the user. It cannot detect a user's sex, race. or even personal hygiene. A computer cannot be shocked, angered, or embar rassed. Teachers, on the other hand, being human, are vulnerable to commu nicating a variety of subtle but powerful negative reactions to what children tell us about their feelings, attitudes, and beliefs. At a very early age children begin to understand the hidden meaning of a furrowed brow or the tone of sar casm. Our gestures and intonations can project a totally different message than what we are saying with our words. Not so with a computer. In helping children le.irn how to in quire and examine their own emerging value systems, most educators agree that unintentional negative reactions by teachers are deleterious to youngsters' self-concept Couple this with potential ridicule from student peers, and one can readily see why values education has been a delicate and controversial issue. In short, a teacher or classmates may prove to be a student's worst enemy in the process of values education. How ever, a student using CAI in the exami nation, evaluation, and acquisition of