Showing papers on "Perspective (graphical) published in 1982"
TL;DR: In this article, the sociometric status of children was conceptualized in terms of independent dimensions of social preference and social impact, and peer perceptual correlates of these dimensions were investigated with children in Grades 3, 5, and 8.
Abstract: Children's sociometric status was conceptualized in terms of independent dimensions of social preference and social impact. In Experiment 1, peer perceptual correlates of these dimensions were investigated with children in Grades 3, 5, and 8. Social preference was highly positively related to cooperativeness, supportiveness, and physical attractiveness and negatively related to disruptiveness and aggression. Social impact was related to active, salient behaviors of both positive and negative valence. Whereas the correlates were found to be similar at each grade level, greater proportions of the variance in these dimensions could be predicted at the younger ages than at the older ages. In Experiment 2, these dimensions were used to select children into five sociometric status groups, called popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average. Peer perceptions of the behavioral correlates of these groups were solicited and found to reveal distinct profiles. A previously unidentified group of controversial children was perceived as disruptive and aggressive (like the rejected group), but also as social leaders (like popular children). It is suggested that researchers consider controversial children as a distinct group in future behavioral and epidemiological studies.
2,379 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a discussion about the Privileged Properties of Imagery is presented, along with a discussion of the origins of images and the role of visual images in cognitive development.
Abstract: 1. A Research Program 2. The Debate about Imagery 3. Validating the Privileged Properties of Imagery 4. The Origins of Images 5. The Core Theory 6. Generating Visual Images 7. Inspecting Visual Images 8. Transforming Visual Images 9. Using Visual Images to Answer Questions 10. Imagery and Cognitive Development 11. Imagery in Perspective 12. Reflections and Refutations References Index
1,580 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an attainable global perspective is presented for global education, which is based on the theory into practice (T2P) approach. But it does not address the problem of globalization.
Abstract: (1982). An attainable global perspective. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 21, Global Education, pp. 162-167.
562 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline the present conceptual perspective associated with important constructs in the area of cohesiveness, the manner in which these have been operationally defined or considered in sport research, the implications and/or limitations of the sport approach, and possible future directions.
Abstract: The purpose of the paper was to outline (a) the present conceptual perspective associated with important constructs in the area of cohesiveness, (b) the manner in which these have been operationally defined or considered in sport research, (c) the implications and/or limitations of the sport approach, and (d) possible future directions.
537 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that people tend to expect misfortunes to happen to others, not to themselves, and that egocentrism contributes to unrealistic optimism in comparison with others' risk-reducing factors.
Abstract: People tend to expect misfortunes to happen to others, not to themselves. College students (n = 76) who compared their own chances of experiencing 6 negative events with the chances of their classmates were optimistically biased (p < .001). Treatments were designed to manipulate 2 cognitive. factors-lack of information about others' risk-reducing factors and failure to think carefully about others-that might cause these biases. The Information treatment. forced subjects to think about others by providing detailed information about 5 other students. The Perspective treatment used a role-playing procedure to, force subjects to think about another student, but did not provide actual information. When repeating their comparative risk judgments for the same events, both Information and Perspective groups were significantly less optimistic than a control condition, but they did not differ from one another. The results support the hypothesis that egocentrism contributes to unrealistic optimism. They, suggest tha...
304 citations
296 citations
Book•
28 Jul 1982
TL;DR: The authors brings together a multidisciplinary perspective of recent work, both theoretical and empirical, on the use of language for communicating in the classroom, both in the context of teaching and learning.
Abstract: This volume brings together a multidisciplinary perspective of recent work, both theoretical and empirical, on the use of language for communicating in the classroom.
219 citations
193 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: A review of the literature on life changes, particularly as they relate to health, disease, and recovery from illness, can be found in this paper, where the authors provide a theoretical perspective for future research.
Abstract: This chapter reviews the literature on life changes, particularly as they relate to health, disease, and recovery from illness. One of the areas of greatest current activity concerns the quantitative assessment of these changes, which are often referred to as stressful life events. We shall review this topic and provide a theoretical perspective for future research.
168 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a new perspective on innovation diffusion: A New Perspective, a New Perspective on Innovation Diffusion, and a New Geography: Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 391-393.
Abstract: (1982). Innovation Diffusion: A New Perspective. Economic Geography: Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 391-393.
TL;DR: There is a great variety of behaviors designated by the label “dropout,” but not all these leaving behaviors should be defined this way, nor do they all deserve institutional action as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: There is a great variety of behaviors designated by the label “dropout,” but not all these leaving behaviors should be defined this way, nor do they all deserve institutional action
TL;DR: Gibson as discussed by the authors introduced an ecological perspective on psychology, which views the proper unit of analysis as the organism in its natural environment, and explores the ways in which animals and environments mutually constrain one another.
Abstract: An ecological perspective on psychology views the proper unit of analysis as the organism in its natural environment. In this manner, it is said, one can discover the ways in which animals and environments mutually constrain one another. JamesJ. Gibson was first to bring this particular perspective to psychology, especially in the study of visual perception. Recently, others have begun to extend this idea to other areas of perception , to other areas of psychology, and to other disciplines. Robert E. Shaw and Michael T. Turvey have led this expansion. Gibson, on the one hand, and Shaw, Turvey, and their colleagues, on the other, share much in their approaches. However, it is the purpose of this essay to draw some distinctions between them in hope that neither the views of Gibson, nor those of Shaw and Turvey, will be misconstrued.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is argued that the practice of organization development has suffered because of single-solution frameworks and a new framework is proposed that not only reflects the comprehensive theoretical literature but also makes clear those potentially conflicting values that undergird the diagnostic process.
Abstract: One of the most important elements of the analysis and change process is the theoretical framework that is brought to the diagnostic task. The framework guides the selection of questions that are a...
01 Jan 1982