Showing papers on "Perspective (graphical) published in 2014"

Wisdom of crowds: : the value of stock opinions transmitted through social media

Abstract: Social media has become a popular venue for individuals to share the results of their own analysis on financial securities. This paper investigates the extent to which investor opinions transmitted through social media predict future stock returns and earnings surprises. We conduct textual analysis of articles published on one of the most popular social media platforms for investors in the United States. We also consider the readers' perspective as inferred via commentaries written in response to these articles. We find that the views expressed in both articles and commentaries predict future stock returns and earnings surprises.

Goals, Goal Structures, and Patterns of Adaptive Learning

Abstract: Contents: M.L. Maehr, Foreword. C. Midgley, Preface. E.M. Anderman, C. Midgley, Methods for Studying Goals, Goal Structures, and Patterns of Adaptive Learning. A. Kaplan, M.J. Middleton, T. Urdan, C. Midgley, Achievement Goals and Goal Structures. T. Urdan, A.M. Ryan, E.M. Anderman, M.H. Gheen, Goals, Goal Structures, and Avoidance Behaviors. H. Patrick, L.H. Anderman, A.M. Ryan, Social Motivation and the Classroom Social Environment. C. Midgley, M.J. Middleton, M.H. Gheen, R. Kumar, Stage--Environment Fit Revisited: A Goal Theory Approach to Examining School Transitions. R. Kumar, M.H. Gheen, A. Kaplan, Goal Structures in the Learning Environment and Students' Disaffection From Learning and Schooling. K.E. Freeman, L.M. Gutman, C. Midgley, Can Achievement Goal Theory Enhance Our Understanding of the Motivation and Performance of African-American Young Adolescents? R.W. Roeser, R. Marachi, H. Gehlbach, A Goal Theory Perspective on Teachers' Professional Identities and the Contexts of Teaching. L.H. Anderman, H. Patrick, L.Z. Hruda, E.A. Linnenbrink, Observing Classroom Goal Structures to Clarify and Expand Goal Theory. M.V. Covington, Patterns of Adaptive Learning Study: Where Do We Go From Here?

Expanding the lens of evidence-based practice in psychotherapy: a common factors perspective.

Abstract: In this article, we examine the science and policy implications of the common factors perspective (CF; Frank & Frank, 1993; Wampold, 2007). As the empirically supported treatment (EST) approach, grounded in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), is the received view (see Baker, McFall, & Shoham, 2008; McHugh & Barlow, 2012), we make the case for the CF perspective as an additional evidencebased approach for understanding how therapy works, but also as a basis for improving the quality of mental health services. Finally, we argue that it is time to integrate the 2 perspectives, and we challenge the field to do so.

Explaining Extreme Events of 2013 from a Climate Perspective

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Prosthetic Myoelectric Control Strategies: A Clinical Perspective

Abstract: Control algorithms for upper limb myoelectric prostheses have been in development since the mid-1940s. Despite advances in computing power and in the performance of these algorithms, clinically available prostheses are still based on the earliest control strategies. The aim of this review paper is to detail the development, advantages and disadvantages of prosthetic control systems and to highlight areas that are current barriers for the transition from laboratory to clinical practice. Current surgical strategies and future research directions to achieve multifunctional control will also be discussed. The findings from this review suggest that regression algorithms may offer an alternative feed-forward approach to direct and pattern recognition control, while virtual rehabilitation environments and tactile feedback could improve the overall prosthetic control.

Psychological Capital A New Perspective for Psychological Health Education Management of Public Schools

Abstract: The concept of approaching psychological capital (PsyCap) as an influencer on behaviors and results at both an individual and an organizational level is gaining support from a growing body of resea...

Synergies for better learning: an international perspective on evaluation and assessment

Abstract: Censorship is the enemy of truth, even more than a lie. A lie can be exposed; censorship can prevent us from knowing the difference. (Bill Moyers)Many may recognise the education research work of t...

Instrument constituencies and the supply side of policy innovation: the social life of emissions trading

Abstract: We offer a perspective on the making of policy instruments over time. This sheds light on the work that goes into articulating and maintaining instruments as both models and implemented policies, and the social formations that arise therefrom. Drawing on a brief case study of the innovation of emissions trading, we show the role of both functional promises to deliver public-policy outcomes and structural promises concerning new positions for the actors involved. We show how the making of instruments can coincide with the formation of ‘instrument constituencies’, which consist of entangled practices that cultivate an instrument. Constituencies sustain the instrument and are themselves sustained by the instrument as it persists and expands its realm of validity. We conclude that policy instruments can develop social lives of their own with dynamics that should be taken into account by scholars of innovation in governance.

Suspending Progress Collateral Consequences of Exclusionary Punishment in Public Schools

Abstract: An influential literature in criminology has identified indirect “collateral consequences” of mass imprisonment. We extend this criminological perspective to the context of the U.S. education syste...

Population Aging and the Generational Economy: A Global Perspective

Abstract: population aging and the generational economy: a global population aging and the generational economy: a global population aging and the generational economy a global population aging and the generational economy: a global population aging and the generational economy gbv population aging and the generational economy a global population aging and the generational economy a global population aging and the generational economy: a global today’s research on aging global aging and fiscal policy with international labor global aging and fiscal policy with international labor youth: the numbers un american political economy in global perspective population studies center parc.pop.upenn population change and economic growth in africa ageing & pensions edward elgar publishing october 2014 curriculum vitae andrew mason current sharp ht sl50 manual browserfame law school in brief second edition volume 6 ebook m , o h j , r r a growing old in an older brazil human capital, labor force participation, and social population ageing in poland and its consequences on public fields of war battle of normandy angfit writing your resume for microsoft harvard university curriculum vitae andrew mason current positions professor population ageing in europe european commission at t dect 60 tl92278 user manual elosuk intergenerational approaches to social and economic policy hitchcock and adaptation on the page and screen ebook children, adults and the elderly in the great recession vieillissement de la population et économie great western railway an appreciation soreem holt biology chapter 41 resource file nervous system the sandwich generation: demographic determinants of european policybrief wählen sie eine sprache the longevity economy real possibilities aarp ronald demos lee personal information cub cadet z force 44 manual pwcgba

Gamifying information systems - a synthesis of gamification mechanics and dynamics

Abstract: Trying to take advantage of the growing passion for games, Gamification is a trending phenomenon that aims at motivating people by applying elements common to games in different contexts While first applications of Gamification exist in finance, health, education and entertainment, utility of Gamification in various contexts has not been sufficiently explored Aiming to understand how Gamification can be applied to information systems to increase end-user motivation, we performed a systematic literature review to identify game elements used in Gamification Our study yields a synthesis of mechanics and dynamics in five clusters – system design, challenges, rewards, social influences and user specifics While our study reveals that Gamification has potential for motivating information system end-users, we also discuss the potential risks Future research should analyse concrete implementations of Gamification in information systems contexts and investigate related long-term effects From a practical perspective, we present Gamification as an innovative approach to enhancing end-user motivation to utilise information systems and illustrate the various options that can be applied to design Gamification applications

A historical perspective of speech recognition

Abstract: What do we know now that we did not know 40 years ago?

The eye of the self: precuneus volume and visual perspective during autobiographical memory retrieval.

Abstract: Visual perspective (i.e. first-person versus third-person perspective) during autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval plays a role in both emotional regulation and self-related processes. However, its neural underpinnings remain mostly unexplored. Visual perspective during AM retrieval was assessed in two independent datasets of 45 and 20 healthy young adults with two different AM retrieval tasks. Diffeomorphic anatomical registration using exponentiated lie algebra and voxel-based morphometry were used to assess individual differences in the precuneus grey matter volume. The spontaneous tendency to recall memories from a first-person perspective was positively correlated with the right precuneus volume among the two independent datasets. Whole-brain analyses revealed that these results were relatively specific to the anterior part of the right precuneus. Our results provide first evidence for the role of the precuneus in egocentric spatial processing in the context of AM retrieval among healthy subjects.

Infusing Motor Learning Research Into Neurorehabilitation Practice: A Historical Perspective With Case Exemplar From the Accelerated Skill Acquisition Program

Abstract: This special interest article provides a historical framework with a contemporary case example that traces the infusion of the science of motor learning into neurorehabilitation practice. The revolution in neuroscience provided the first evidence for learning-dependent neuroplasticity and presaged t

Co-creating the Voice of the Customer

Abstract: In a recent Journal of Marketing article, Stephen L. Vargo and Robert F. Lusch present a strong case for rethinking the nature of marketing. They argue that an emerging paradigm shift moves us toward a service-dominant logic (S-D) as the foundation for marketing thought and practice. Marketing literature frequently refers to customer value. Often, these references take a seller's perspective, such as in discussing their need to create and deliver value to targeted customers. Relationship partners might need new metrics to assess the overall value of the relationship shared by the partners, including both economic and non-economic aspects. Marketing relies on market sensing to bring market and customer knowledge into an organization's decisions. In particular, this skill should enable managers to understand key aspects of their customers' valuation processes. Many market research techniques are available for this purpose, along with many highly skilled professional research people who know how to use them.

Belief in a just God (and a just society): A system justification perspective on religious ideology.

Abstract: Theoretical approaches that treat religiosity as an evolutionary byproduct of cognitive mechanisms to detect agency may help to explain the prevalence of superstitious thinking, but they say little about the social-motivational (or ideological) functions of religious beliefs or the specific contents of religious doctrines. To address these omissions, we develop the thesis that religion provides an ideological justification for the existing social order, so that prevailing institutions and arrangements are perceived as legitimate and just and therefore worth obeying and preserving. We summarize empirical evidence revealing that: (a) religiosity is associated with the same set of epistemic, existential, and relational needs that motivate system justification; (b) religiosity is associated with the endorsement of the belief in a just world, Protestant Work Ethic, fair market ideology, opposition to equality, right-wing authoritarianism, political conservatism, and other system-justifying belief systems; and (c) religious ideology tends to serve the palliative function of making people happier or more satisfied with the way things are. Although most major religious texts and movements contain progressive as well as conservative elements, belief in God is more often than not system-justifying in terms of its motivational antecedents, manifestations, and consequences. Belief in a Just God 2 The Lord feeds some of His prisoners better than others. It could be said of Him that He is not a just god but an indifferent god. That He is not to be trusted to reward the righteous and punish the unscrupulous. That He maketh the poor poorer but is otherwise undependable. It could be said of Him that it is His school of the germane that produced the Congressional Record. That it is His vision of justice that gave us cost accounting. -Reed Whittemore (1990/2000, p. 13) The recent trend in scientific approaches to religion has been to understand belief in God (or gods) as an evolutionary “accident,” that is, a byproduct of psychological adaptations that enabled our species to infer agency and other hidden causes of observable outcomes in the social and physical world (e.g., Atran & Norenzayan, 2004; Boyer, 2001; Dawkins, 2006; Dennett, 2006). The idea is that—as Paul Bloom (2005) put it—our cognitive apparatus evolved to “see purpose, intention, design, even when it is not there.” Such approaches may indeed help to explain the prevalence of religious and superstitious forms of thinking in general, but they say little about the social-motivational functions of religion or, relatedly, the specific contents that religious beliefs and doctrines are likely to include. Adopting a system justification perspective, we propose that an important but underappreciated function of religion is to provide ideological justification for the existing social order and to establish the perception that prevailing institutions and arrangements are legitimate and just and therefore worth obeying and preserving (Jost, Banaji, & Nosek, 2004; Jost & Van der Toorn, 2012). In other words, we consider the possibility that religious belief systems are (more often than not) system-justifying in terms of their contents, consequences, and underlying motivational structure. Let us begin with the problem of theodicy, which poses a challenge to religious faith—or at least to belief in a deity who is morally irreproachable (Leibniz, 1709/1952; see also Larrimore, 2001): If God is all-knowing and all-powerful, how do we explain the existence and Belief in a Just God 3 prevalence of evil, suffering, and injustice in the world? As Max Weber (1922/1963) observed in The Sociology of Religion, every religion has offered some solution to (or, in a few cases, clever evasions of) the problem of theodicy. One of the most common theological solutions concerns the afterlife, a time and place in which earthly scores are settled, scoundrels are punished retributively, and the virtuous are compensated—perhaps infinitely so. Furthermore, as the psychologist Melvin Lerner (1980) pointed out: [T]here are strong forces in our culture which convey the belief that this is a “just world.” The Western religions stress the relation between sin, doing harm to others, and suffering. Although the ultimate accounting is expected to take place in the next world and for eternity, there are strong themes running through the Judeo-Christian tradition which link signs of one’s fate on earth with virtue and a state of grace—Job, in the Bible, suffered long and grievously, but he was more than compensated, not in heaven but on this earth. The Old Testament contains many examples which illustrate that “righteous will triumph and the wicked be punished.” The Christian Reformation created the basis for a world view, the “Protestant Ethic,” which permeates our culture . . . From this perspective, success, financial and otherwise, is a sign of salvation, and a direct result of the Christian virtues of diligence and self-sacrifice. (p. 13) Lerner suggests that religious ideology helps adherents to satisfy their desire to believe in a “just world” in which people “deserve what they get and get what they deserve” (see also Furnham & Brown, 1992; Rubin & Peplau, 1975). But religious belief systems do much more than validate intuitions about justice and conceptions of God as benevolent. As Weber (1922/1963) noted, they also uphold the current social order by suggesting that justice is (or will be) served. The Hindu concept of karma, for instance, and the related doctrine of the transmigration of souls (i.e., reincarnation) commit individuals to believing that they deserve their present status in society and also that, if they live in a manner that is consistent with religious prescriptions, they will be rewarded in their next lives. Thus, belief in the doctrine of the transmigration of souls (i.e., reincarnation) helps to explain why “it is precisely the lowest classes, who would naturally be most desirous of Belief in a Just God 4 improving their status in subsequent incarnations, that cling most steadfastly to their caste obligations, never thinking of toppling the caste system through social revolutions or reforms” (Weber, 1922/1963, p. 43). The Judeo-Christian tradition, too, is replete with elaborate ideological justifications that provide moral and intellectual support for the notion that the existing social order is legitimate, just, and should be defended and maintained. The New Testament explicitly states, for instance, that political authorities are legitimate and should be obeyed: 1. Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God. 2. Consequently, he who rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. 3. For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and he will commend you. 4. For he is God’s servant to do you good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword for nothing. He is God’s servant, an agent of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer. 5. Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also because of conscience. 6. This is also why you pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s servants, who give their full time to governing. (Romans 13) Religious texts also condone many forms of social inequality, including sexism: Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church . . . as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives be to their husbands in everything. (Ephesians 5:22-24) Slavery is regarded as a justifiable institution in the Old and New Testaments, as the following passages show: Belief in a Just God 5 As for your male and female slaves whom you may have: you may buy male and female slaves from among the nations that are around you. You may also buy from among the strangers who sojourn with you and their clans that are with you, who have been born in your land, and they may be your property. You may bequeath them to your sons after you to inherit as a possession forever. You may make slaves of them, but over your brothers the people of Israel you shall not rule, one over another ruthlessly. (Leviticus 25:44-46) Masters, treat your slaves justly and fairly, knowing that you also have a Master in heaven. (Colossians 4:1) In religious teachings, gender disparities and traditional divisions of labor within families are often accepted and imbued with moral and even spiritual significance. This is by no means confined to Christianity. As Weber (1922/1963) observed, “Women are completely excluded from the official Chinese cults as well as from those of the Romans and Brahmins; nor is the religion of the Buddhist intellectuals feministic” (p. 105). During the Medieval Crusades, the tenets of Christian ideology were used to justify the inquisition, torture, and execution of non-believers. They were also wielded in defense of racial hierarchies and the institution of slavery (e.g., Faust, 1981; Fredrickson, 2002). Religion continues to function as a major justification for slavery in those parts of the world where it is still practiced, such as Mauritania. An escaped Haratin slave named Moctar Teyeb noted that, “Slavery is a state of mind, and most Haratin believe that the slavery system is part of Allah’s command . . . To be against slavery is to be against religion” (Finnegan, 2000, p. 52). The point of recounting these cultural and historical facts is simply to highlight the observation that among the astonishingly variegated doctrines of religious belief, certain themes repeatedly emerge, and th

Facial EMG responses to emotional expressions are related to emotion perception ability.

Abstract: Although most people can identify facial expressions of emotions well, they still differ in this ability. According to embodied simulation theories understanding emotions of others is fostered by involuntarily mimicking the perceived expressions, causing a “reactivation” of the corresponding mental state. Some studies suggest automatic facial mimicry during expression viewing; however, findings on the relationship between mimicry and emotion perception abilities are equivocal. The present study investigated individual differences in emotion perception and its relationship to facial muscle responses - recorded with electromyogram (EMG) - in response to emotional facial expressions. N° = °269 participants completed multiple tasks measuring face and emotion perception. EMG recordings were taken from a subsample (N° = °110) in an independent emotion classification task of short videos displaying six emotions. Confirmatory factor analyses of the m. corrugator supercilii in response to angry, happy, sad, and neutral expressions showed that individual differences in corrugator activity can be separated into a general response to all faces and an emotion-related response. Structural equation modeling revealed a substantial relationship between the emotion-related response and emotion perception ability, providing evidence for the role of facial muscle activation in emotion perception from an individual differences perspective.